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Flash card toward technique de laboratoire médical > Question réponse > Flashcards

Question réponse Flashcards

1
Q

Peut-on additionner ou soustraire des fractions qui n’ont pas de dénominateur commun?

A

Non

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2
Q

Définir ‘‘biologie’’

A

The study of living things

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3
Q

Les 7 propriétés qui distingue le vivant du non vivant.

A 
1-organisation 
2-metabolisme
3-reproduction
4-évolution
5-Homeostasie
6-réactivité
7-consommation
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4
Q

Définir ‘‘homéostasie’’

A

Capacité d’un organisme à maintenir son équilibre physiologique interne malgré les contraintes extérieures.

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5
Q

Les Virus sont-ils vivants ou non?

A

Les virus sont souvent considérés comme des non-vivants. En fait, bien qu’un virus possède son propre matériel génétique, il doit utiliser la machinerie cellulaire de son hôte pour pouvoir le répliquer. Ainsi, il ne possède pas la capacité de se reproduire seul. De plus, il n’est pas constitué d’une cellule. Le débat reste donc ouvert à savoir si les virus sont des vivants ou des non-vivants.

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6
Q

The scientific method has five basic steps, plus one feedback step. Name them:

A 
The scientific method:
1-observation
2-question
3-hypothesis
4-prediction
5-Test
6-Iterate
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7
Q

Define ‘‘iterate’’

A

Iterate: use the results to make new hypotheses or predictions.

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8
Q

Define ‘‘control group’’ as opposed to ‘‘experimental group’’

A

The control group provides a baseline that lets us see if the treatment has an effect.

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9
Q

Define ‘‘matter’’

A

The term matter refers to anything that occupies space and has mass—in other words, the “stuff” that the universe is made of. All matter is made up of substances called elements, which have specific chemical and physical properties and cannot be broken down into other substances through ordinary chemical reactions.

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10
Q

Why is the symbol for sodium ‘‘Na’’

A

The symbol for sodium is ‘‘Na’’ for ‘‘natrium’’, the Latin word for sodium.

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11
Q

There are ___ elements, but only ___ occur naturally.

A

There are 118 elements, but only 92 occur naturally. The remaining elements have only been made in laboratories and are unstable.

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12
Q

Name the 4 elements common to all living organisms and their abbreviations:

A

The four elements common to all living organisms are oxygen (O), carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and nitrogen (N), which together make up about 96% of the human body.

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13
Q

Define ‘‘atom’’

A

An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains all of the chemical properties of an element.

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14
Q

Define ‘‘atomic nucleus’’

A

The atomic nucleus is in the centre of the atom and contains positively charged particles called protons and neutral, uncharged, particles called neutrons.

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15
Q

What is called a positively charged particles inside an atomic nucleus?

A

Protons

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16
Q

What is called a neutrally charged particles inside an atomic nucleus?

A

Neutrons

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17
Q

Name the 2 parts of an atom:

A

1- The atomic nucleus who contains particles called protons and neutrons.
2- The “cloud” of electrons, negatively charged particles that orbit around the nucleus.

The attraction between the positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons holds the atom together.

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18
Q

What is called the negatively charged particles that orbit around the nucleus?

A

Electrons

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19
Q

Which particles exceptionally only contain one proton and one electron, but no neutrons?

A

Hydrogen (H)

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20
Q

The number of _______ in the nucleus determines which element an atom is, while the number of _______ surrounding the nucleus determines which kind of reactions the atom will undergo.

A

The number of protons in the nucleus determines which element an atom is, while the number of electrons surrounding the nucleus determines which kind of reactions the atom will undergo.

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21
Q

What is the ‘‘daiton’’ or ‘‘atomic mass unit’’ or ‘‘amu’’?

A

A unit of measure. A single neutron or proton has a weight very close to 1 amu.

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22
Q

How does radiation occur?

A

Radioactivity is actually a property of an atom. Radioactive atoms have unstable nuclei, and they will eventually release subatomic particles to become more stable, giving off energy—radiation—in the process.

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23
Q

Définie ‘‘isotopes’’

A

On appelle isotopes (d’un certain élément chimique) les nucléides partageant le même nombre de protons, mais ayant un nombre de neutrons différent.

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24
Q

Define ‘‘atomic number’’

A

The number of protons in an atom is called the atomic number.

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25
Q

mass number =_______ + _______

A

mass number = protons + neutrons

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26
Q

What’s ‘‘carbon-14’’?

A

A small amount of carbon exists in the atmosphere as radioactive carbon-14, a form of carbon (Ca) and the amount of carbon-14 found in fossils allows paleontologists to determine their age.

27
Q

Which types of atoms always contains six protons?

A

All atoms with six protons are carbon atoms.

28
Q

What’s an ‘‘atomic number’’?

A

The number of protons in an atom is called the atomic number.

29
Q

Neutral carbon-14 contains six protons, eight neutrons, and six electrons; its mass number is __.

A

Neutral carbon-14 contains six protons, eight neutrons, and six electrons; its mass number is 14 (six protons plus eight neutrons).

30
Q

Why does some isotopes emit, or kick out, subatomic particles?

A

Some isotopes are stable, but others can emit, or kick out, subatomic particles to reach a more stable, lower-energy, configuration.

31
Q

Are isotopes always stable?

A

No, Some isotopes are stable, but others can emit, or kick out, subatomic particles to reach a more stable, lower-energy, configuration. »Those are called radioisotopes, and the process in which they release particles and energy is known as decay.

32
Q

Define ‘‘radioisotopes’’

A

A radioactive isotope.

33
Q

What could cause a change in the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom and change it’s identity (e.g., carbon-14 decaying to nitrogen-14).

A

Radioactive decay can cause a change in the number of protons in the nucleus; when this happens, the identity of the atom changes (e.g., carbon-14 decaying to nitrogen-14).

34
Q

In what consist the half-life of an isotope?

A

An isotope’s half-life is the period over which half of the material will decay to a different, relatively stable product.

35
Q

Does the ratio of the original isotope to its decay product changes in a predictable way?

A

Yes, this predictability allows the isotope to be used as a clock that measures the time from the incorporation of the isotope (e.g., into a fossil) to the present.

36
Q

Carbon (Ca) exists in three isotopic forms: carbon-12, carbon-13 and carbon-14, which one is radioactive?

A

carbon-14

37
Q

Plants pull ______ ______ from the air to make sugars.

A

carbon dioxide

38
Q

Which Carbon atom is find in the biggest proportions?

  • carbon-12?
  • carbon-13?
  • carbon-14?
A

Carbon-12 as the major form at about 99%.

39
Q

Organizes those items from smallest to largest:

  • neutron
  • atom
  • cell
  • electron
A

Electron, neutron, atom, cell

40
Q

What three particles make up an atom?

A

Protons, neutrons, and electrons.

41
Q

What fundamental building block makes up all matter in the universe?

A

Atoms

42
Q

Which particles occupy the orbitals surrounding the nucleus?

A

Electrons

43
Q

The position of each element in the table gives important information about its structure, properties, and behaviour in chemical reactions. Specifically, an element’s position in the periodic table helps you figure out its ________configuration.

A

The position of each element in the table gives important information about its structure, properties, and behaviour in chemical reactions. Specifically, an element’s position in the periodic table helps you figure out its ELECTRON configuration.

44
Q

Atoms use their electrons to participate in chemical reactions, so knowing an element’s electron configuration allows you to predict its _______.

A

Atoms use their electrons to participate in chemical reactions, so knowing an element’s electron configuration allows you to predict its REACTIVITY.

45
Q

Dmitri Mendeleev est connu pour..?

A

Creating the periodic table in 1869. He was a Russian chemist.

46
Q

If two atoms have complementary _______ patterns, they can react and form a chemical bond, creating a molecule or compound.

A

two atoms have complementary ELECTRON patterns, they can react and form a chemical bond, creating a molecule or compound.

47
Q

What is Niels Bohr known for?

A

Niels Bohr, a Danish scientist developed in 1913 the Bohr model showing the atom as a central nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with the electrons in circular electron shells at specific distances from the nucleus.

48
Q

Which electron shell has a higher energy level?

  • shell closest to the nucleus?
  • farther from the nucleus.
A

Electron shell has a different energy level, with those shells closest to the nucleus being lower in energy than those farther from the nucleus.

49
Q

What’s a ‘‘valence shell’’ which contain valence electrons?

A

It’s the farthest shell from the nucleus.

50
Q

True or false?

In general, atoms are most stable, least reactive, when their outermost electron shell is full.

A

True

51
Q

What’s the ‘‘octet rule’’?

A

Most of the elements important in biology need eight electrons in their outermost shell in order to be stable, and this rule of thumb is known as the octet rule.

52
Q

Define ‘’ electron orbital’’

A

electron orbitals. We can’t actually know where an electron is at any given moment in time, but we can mathematically determine the volume of space in which it is most likely to be found—say, the volume of space in which it will spend 90% of its time. This high-probability region makes up an orbital, and each orbital can hold up to two electrons.

53
Q

Define “observation”

A

Noticing and describing events in an orderly way.

54
Q

Define “hypothesis”

A

A scientific explanation that can be tested through experimentation or observation.

55
Q

Define “controlled experiment”

A

An experiment in which only one variable is changed.

56
Q

Define “Independent variable”

A

The variable that is deliberately changed in an experiment.

57
Q

Define “Dependent variable”

A

The variable this is observed and changes in response to the independent variable.

58
Q

Define “Scientific theory”

A

A well-tested and widely accepted explanation for a phenomenon.

59
Q

Define “Research bias”

A

Process during which the researcher influences the results, either knowingly or unknowingly

60
Q

Define “Placebo”

A

A substance that has no therapeutic effect, often used as a control in experiments

61
Q

Define “Double-blind study”

A

Study in which neither the participants nor the researchers know who is receiving a particular treatment

62
Q

Qu’elle est la somme des trois angles d’un triangle

A

La somme des trois angles d’un triangle est toujour 180.

63
Q

Est-ce que la somme des anglesest toujours la même pour tout les types de triangle?

A

Oui, elle est toujours de 180.

Flash card toward technique de laboratoire médical (2 decks)

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