Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Week 3-4 A&P > Question Related > Flashcards

Question Related Flashcards

1
Q

Flagellum

A

•Long, single, whiplike process with axoneme
•Sperm mobility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cilia

A

•Long hair like projections of social cell surface
•Move substances along cell structure
•Widespread sensory roles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Microvilli

A

•Short hairlike processes around cell surface
•Increases absorvstive surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cytokinesis vs Passing of cells (Telophase)

A

•Cytokinesis final step of cell division in both mitosis/meiosis separating 2 daughter cells
•Completed AFTER telophase

•Telophase - Follows anaphase
•Final step of nuclear division
•Final step of karyokinesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Plasma Membrane (Cell membrane)

A

•2 dark lines of cell contents
•Regulates exchange of material between cytoplasm & extracellular fluid
•Prevents escape of cell content
•Intercellular communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cytokinesis

A

•Division of cytoplasm into 2 cells
•@ the end of mitosis and meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lysosomes

A

•Round oval sacs with single enclosing membrane
•Contain enzymes for intercellular digestion, autophagy, programmed cell death, and glucose mobilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Golgi Vesicles

A

•Round to irregular sacs near Golgi complex
•Secretory vesicles & carry cell products to apical surface for exocytosis or become lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Golgi Complex

A

•Closely spaced parallel cisterns with thick edges - near nucleus
•Receives and modifies newly synthesized polypeptides — synthesized carbohydrates
•Adds carbohydrates to glycoproteins
•Packages cell production in Golgi Vesicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Centrosomes

A

•Near nucleus, small clear patch of cytoplasm
•Cell division
•Clear area near nucleus contains pair of centrioles
•Organizing center for formation of micro tubules of cytoskeleton and mitonic spindle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Proteasome’s

A

•Protein disposal function
•Degrade more than 80% of cell proteins
•Enzymes unfold and break down into amino acids & short peptides
•Hollow cylindrical protein complexes in cytoplasm/nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Isotonic

A

•No net flow of water in nor out
•Stable same volume in cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hypotonic

A

•Low concentration of water
•Absorb water and swell (crenate)
•Cell gains volume
•Solute concentration outside cell is lower than inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hypertonic

A

•Net flow of water OUT the cell
•Cell loses volume
•Solute concentration higher than inside cell
•Cell shrinks (Crenate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

IV Solutions

A

•Isotonic— Same osmolarity
•Hypertonic— Higher osmolarity
•Hypotonic— Lower osmolarity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nucleolus Function

A

•Larger nuclear organelle
•Primary location for ribosome production
•Composed of RNA & protein
•Eye if the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Rough ER

A

•Site if protein synthesis & lipid synthesis
•Contains more ribosomes than smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Smooth ER

A

•Lacks ribosomes
•Lipid synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

of chromosomes

A

•46 total— Mitosis— Haploid
•23 total __ Meiosis __ Diploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Tight Junction

A

•Formed by fusion of the outer layer of 2 plasma membranes of2 adjacent cells = Water tight seals
•Forms nearly imperiable barrier = prevents passage of water and solutes between cells

(Ex: Stomach / Lining of bladder)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Gap Junction

A

•Cell-to-cell adhesión molecules that attach 2 cells together via proteins
•Direct /Rapid communication between cells
•••CONNEXONS••• — Pore acts as a channel between cells allowing 2 adj. cells to share cytoplasm

!! — Allows ions/molecules to pass between 2 cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Synovial Membranes

A

•Synovium
•Composed of loose connective tissues w/ epithelial tissue
•Lines cavities of joints/tendons sheaths
•Produce lubricant (synovial fluid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Serous Membrane

A

•Serosa
•Mesothelium (sheet of simple squamos epithelium) + thin underlying layer of areolar connective tissue

***Pariental/ Visceral/ Serous fluid — Lines walls of internal organs / covers internal organs/ between both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cutaneous Membrane

A

•Term for skin
•Largest membrane
•Consists of stratified squamous epithelium (epidermis) + layer of connective tissue (dermis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Mucous membranes
•Protects structure from external forces •Contains “goblet cells”— secreting cells •Stratified squamous epithelial / simple columnar epithelium + smooth muscle •Composed— Epithelial tissue attached to an underlying layer of areolar connective tissue (Lamina Propria)
26
Tissue Types (MENC)
•Muscle— Contract providing movement •Epithelial— Ground of cells that cover exterior surface of body •Nervous— Generation/Propagation I’d electrochemical signals in form of impulses that communicate between body regions •Connective— Binds cells and organs
27
Extracellular Matrix
•Large network of proteins and other molecule that support/surround •Give structure to cells •Helps cells attach/ communicate/ Movement /grown !! — Epithelial/ Connective/ Nervous/ Muscular
28
Interphase
•Stage where DNA would be made •G1phase— Cell grows physically larger/ Copies organelles/ Molecular building blocks •S phase— Complete copy of DNA in nucleus •G2 phase— More growing of cell/ proteins/ organelles / reorganize to start mitosis
29
(M) phase
•Stage of cell cycle where cell divides forming 2 new cells •Mitosis
30
Mitocytosis
•Protects cells from mitochondrial stress
31
Active Transport & Secondary Transport
•Primary— Sodium Potassium pump •Hydrolyzes ATP (Uses ATP) 2nd Transport— Steep sodium gradient across membrane (Requires energy)
32
Endocrine glands are composed of _____ tissue
Epithelial
33
Simple Diffusion
•Net movement from high concentration to low concentration •Diffuse down concentration gradient
34
Osmosis
•Water diffusion •Net flow of water
35
Desosomes
•Prevents cells from breaking apart •Strength- Withstand significant mechanic stress •Form strong structure— Integrity of cytoskeleton of cells
36
Mechanical Transfer Mechanism
•Requires E! — Active transport / Sodium potassium pump •Does not require E!— Passive mechanism /Diffusion
37
Subtypes of Connective Tissues
•Blood •Bone •Cartilage •Connective Tissue
38
Voluntary/Involuntary Control
•Voluntary- Controlled by our conscious thought •Involuntary— Controlled by nervous system Skeletal Muscle— Voluntary Cardia Muscle— Involuntary Smooth Muscle — Involuntary
39
Portion of neuron that contains the nucleus/organelle
•Cell body (Neurosoma)
40
DNA & RNA pairing
•DNA— A - T -G - U •RNA— A - U - G - C
41
Protein Fibers in connective tissues
•Collagen Fibers- Thick •Reticular fibers •Elastic fibers- Thin
42
Merocrine
•Released through exocytosis in vesicles (Sweat & Salivary)
43
Holocrine
•Secretion via loss of entire cell
44
Apocrine
•Secretions released in apical cytoplasm (Mammary glands/ ceruminous wax in ears)
45
Endocytosis
•Bring into cell require E!
46
Passive vs Active Transport
•Active— Consume ATP •Vascular transport = Consume ATP •Moving up gradient •Passive— No ATP required
47
Ribosomes
•Small dark granules free in cytosol •On surface of rough ER and nuclear envelope •Interpret the genetic code and synthesize polypeptides
48
Epithelial Tissue/Cells
•Cells— Simple squamous/ cuboidal/ columnar — Stratified squamous/cuboidal •Basal lamina— Reticular connective tissue = Basement membrane
49
Gas exchange in Plasma Membrane
•Primarily through diffusion •Process from concentration gradient (more from a concentration of high to an area of low) •Passive process= No ATP required
50
Aerobic Respiration
•Reactants— Oxygen and glucose •Products— Carbon dioxide / ATP/ Water
51
Aerobic vs Anarobic Respiration
•Aerobic— takes place in oxygen presence •— Releases more energy than Anarobic •— Carbon dioxide and water end products •Anarobic— W/o oxygen •— Alcohol is end product •— Glycolosis - breakdown of glucose
52
Hemidesosomes
•Half a desmosome •Uses INTEGRINS to connect cels to basal lamina •Anchoring epithelial cells to basement membrane
53
_____ types of ce junction that allows lassi g of ions and small molecules
•Gap junction
54
Transitional Epithelium
•Changes shale in response to stretching •Cuboidal relaxed — squalls when stretched •Located in URINARY TRACT
55
Cardiac/ Smooth/ Skeletal/ Muscle Images
•Cardiac— Wrapped spaced around blobs •Smooth— Slugs with dots •Skeletal muscle— Velcro with nuclei
56
2 differences between Mitosis/ Meiosis
•Mitosis — Has single cell divides into 2 identical daughter cells •Meiosis— Has single cell that divides twice to produce 4 cells that containers half the original genetic info •Crossing over does not occur in Mitosis •Diploid cells— Mitosis — 46 •Haploid cells—Meiosis — 23
57
Plasma membrane (Cell membrane)
•Protection for cell •Transport nutrients in cell and waste out
58
Transmembrane Proteins
•Form channels and pores to move molecules across membrane •Permanently bind to cell membrane components •Hydrophobic region in phospholipid layer
59
Peripheral Proteins
•Proteins attached to cell membrane temporarily •Do not cross into cell membrane •Attach to surface of cell on either side of cell membrane •Hells other proteins in cell carry out their function
60
PMAT (Mitosis)
P- Prophase— Chromatic into chromosomes // Nuclear envelope breakdown// Chromosomes attach to spindle fibers by their centrosomes M- Metaphase— Chromosomes line up along the center of the cell A- Anaphase— Sister chromatids are pulled opposite poles of cell T- Telophase— Nuclear envelope reforms // Chromosomes unfold into chromatin // Cytokines begins // Making RNA & preparing synthesis protein
61
Inclusions
•High variable fat droplets •Never enclosed membrane •Storage products/ other products of cellular metabolism •Retained in cytoplasm
62
Basal Body
•Unpaired centriole @ base of cilium •Point of origin /growth/ anchorage of a cilium/flagellum produces axoneme
63
Centrioles
•Short cylindrical bodies each composed of a circle •Form mitotic spindle during cell division
64
Mitochondria
•ATP synthesis •Round rod shaped bean shaped structure w/ shelflike folding
65
Microfilaments
•Thin protein filaments •Support microvilli and plasma membrane •Involved in muscle contractions and cell mobility/ endocytosis / cell division
66
Intermediate Filaments
•Thicker protein filaments •Extending throughout cytoplasm /cell to cell junction •Give shape and physical support to cell •Anchors cells to each other •Compartmentalize cell content
67
Nucleus
•Largest organelle in most cells •Surrounded by 2x membrane •Shelters DNA •Protein synthesis •Genetic control center of cells
68
Rough ER
•Protein synthesis & manufacture of cellular membrane
69
Smooth ER
•Lipid synthesis •Calcium storage •Petoxification
70
Proteasomes
•Degrade proteins that are undesirable or no longer needed by cell •Composed of cylindrical array of proteins
71
Peroxisosomes
•Similar to lysosomes •Contains enzymes for detoxification of alcohol / other drugs/ free radicals •Oxidize fatty acids

Week 3-4 A&P (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions