Question Format Flashcards
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Union; discipline’?
योग (योगः) - yogaḥ
Union of the individual self with universal consciousness or disciplined practice to achieve that goal.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Mind; consciousness’?
चित्त (चित्तम्) - cittam
The mind-stuff comprising thoughts, emotions, and perceptions, which yoga seeks to master.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Fluctuation; modification’?
वृत्ति (वृत्तिः) - vṛttiḥ
Mental activities or patterns that can disturb the stillness of the mind.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Practice; repeated effort’?
अभ्यास (अभ्यासः) - abhyāsaḥ
Steady and consistent effort to control mental modifications.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Detachment; dispassion’?
वैराग्य (वैराग्यम्) - vairāgyam
Freedom from desires for sensory objects and attachment to the external world.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Affliction; obstacle’?
क्लेश (क्लेशः) - kleśaḥ
The five obstacles: ignorance, ego, attachment, aversion, and fear of death.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Misconception, ignorance; delusion’?
अविद्या (अविद्या) - avidyā
Misunderstanding reality, misconception, the root cause of all other afflictions.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Egoism; sense of ‘I’’?
अहंकार (अहंकारः) - ahaṃkāraḥ
The identification of the self with the ego or individuality.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Memory; recollection’?
स्मृति (स्मृतिः) - smṛtiḥ
The process of recalling past impressions or experiences.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Means; tool; practice’?
साधन (साधनम्) - sādhanam
The techniques or methods used to achieve spiritual goals.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Absorption; meditative focus’?
समाधि (समाधिः) - samādhiḥ
The state of complete mental absorption and unity with the object of meditation.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Austerity; discipline’?
तपः (तपः) - tapaḥ
Self-discipline or purification practices for spiritual growth.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Self-study; study of scriptures’?
स्वाध्याय (स्वाध्यायः) - svādhyāyaḥ
The practice of introspection or studying sacred texts to understand the self.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Supreme Being; Lord’?
ईश्वर (ईश्वरः) - īśvaraḥ
A special consciousness free from afflictions, regarded as a guide in yoga.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Valid means of knowledge’?
प्रमाण (प्रमाणम्) - pramāṇam
Sources of accurate knowledge: perception, inference, and testimony.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Misconception; error’?
विपर्यय (विपर्ययः) - viparyayaḥ
False knowledge or misunderstanding that contradicts reality.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Imagination; fantasy’?
विकल्प (विकल्पः) - vikalpaḥ
Mental activity creating ideas without a corresponding reality.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Sleep’?
निद्रा (निद्रा) - nidrā
A state of consciousness marked by the absence of awareness and mental activity.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Concentration; focus’?
धारणा (धारणा) - dhāraṇā
Fixation of the mind on a single object, a precursor to meditation.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Meditation’?
ध्यान (ध्यानम्) - dhyānam
Prolonged concentration leading to a deep state of awareness and stillness.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Inner instrument; mind’?
अन्तःकरण (अन्तःकरणम्) - antaḥkaraṇam
The internal faculty comprising mind, intellect, ego, and memory.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Knowledge; understanding’?
ज्ञान (ज्ञानम्) - jñānam
True knowledge that arises from self-realization or higher perception.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Bliss; joy’?
आनन्द (आनन्दः) - ānandaḥ
A state of profound happiness and contentment, free from external conditions.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Action; deed’?
कर्म (कर्म) - karma
The law of cause and effect governing actions and their results.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Quality; attribute’?
गुण (गुणः) - guṇaḥ
The three fundamental qualities of nature: sattva (purity), rajas (activity), and tamas (inertia).
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Power; manifestation’?
विभूति (विभूतिः) - vibhūtiḥ
Spiritual powers or abilities attained through yoga practice.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Nature; material reality’?
प्रक्रति (प्रकृतिः) - prakṛtiḥ
The primal matter or source of creation, comprising the three guṇas.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Self; pure consciousness’?
पुरुष (पुरुषः) -puruṣaḥ
The eternal, unchanging observer distinct from material reality.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Purity; harmony’?
सत्त्व (सत्त्वम्) - sattvam
The guṇa associated with lightness, balance, and wisdom.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Activity; passion’?
रजस् (रजः) - rajas
The guṇa representing energy, action, and restlessness.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Inertia; darkness’?
तमस् (तमः) - tamas
The guṇa signifying heaviness, ignorance, and stagnation.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Non-possessiveness; non-hoarding’?
अपरिग्रह (अपरिग्रहः) - aparigrahaḥ
A Yama (ethical restraint) that advocates freedom from greed and attachment to material possessions.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Resolution; intention’?
संकल्प (संकल्पः) - saṅkalpaḥ
A determined mental resolve or intention that drives actions.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Beyond discrimination; pure contemplation’?
निर्विचार (निर्विचारः) - nirvicāraḥ
A state of meditation free from analytical thinking.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Cognitive absorption’?
संप्रज्ञात (संप्रज्ञातः) - saṁprajñātaḥ
A meditative state involving awareness of distinctions and objects.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Super-cognitive absorption’?
असंप्रज्ञात (असंप्रज्ञातः) - asaṁprajñātaḥ
A higher meditative state where the mind transcends all distinctions.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Supreme; ultimate’?
परम (परमम्) - paramam
The highest or ultimate state, often used to describe liberation or truth.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Means; method’?
उपाय (उपायः) - upāyaḥ
Techniques or strategies employed to achieve spiritual goals.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Cognition; idea’?
प्रत्यय (प्रत्ययः) - pratyayaḥ
The content or object of awareness in the mind.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Calm; peaceful’?
प्रशान्त (प्रशान्तः) - praśāntaḥ
A state of deep inner peace and tranquility.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Impression; mental tendency’?
संस्कार (संस्कारः) - saṁskāraḥ
Subtle mental imprints formed by past experiences, which influence future behavior.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Discernment; discrimination’?
विवेक (विवेकः) - vivekaḥ
The ability to distinguish between the real (eternal) and the unreal (temporary).
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Patience; steadfastness’?
धैर्य (धैर्यम्) - dhairyam
The quality of perseverance and resilience in the face of challenges.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘True nature; essence’?
स्वरूप (स्वरूपम्) - svarūpam
The intrinsic nature or form of something, especially the self.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Attainment; accomplishment’?
संपत्ति (संपत्तिः) - saṁpattiḥ
The achievement of a desired state or goal, often used in a spiritual context.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Practice; performance’?
अनुष्ठान (अनुष्ठानम्) - anuṣṭhānam
The consistent observance of spiritual disciplines or rituals.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Distraction; externalization’?
व्युत्थान (व्युत्थानम्) - vyutthānam
The opposite of meditation, when the mind moves outward toward distractions.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Unafflicted; pure’?
अक्लिष्ट (अक्लिष्टः) - akliṣṭaḥ
Actions or thoughts that are free from mental disturbances or negative karma.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Virtue; law; duty’?
धर्म (धर्मः) - dharmaḥ
Universal principles of righteousness, morality, and ethical behavior.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Gentle; serene’?
सौम्य (सौम्यम्) - saumyam
A quality of calmness and gentleness, often associated with sattva (purity).
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Hostility; enmity’?
वैर (वैरम्) - vairaṁ
A negative mental state characterized by animosity or hatred.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Wisdom; higher knowledge’?
प्रज्ञा (प्रज्ञा) - prajñā
Intuitive wisdom that arises from spiritual insight and self-realization.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Covering; veil’?
आवरण (आवरणम्) - āvaraṇam
Refers to the obscurations of ignorance that hide the true nature of reality.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Withdrawal; cessation’?
निवृत्ति (निवृत्तिः) - nivṛttiḥ
The process of turning inward and renouncing external distractions.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Indifferent; neutral’?
उदासीन (उदासीनः) - udāsīnaḥ
A state of detachment or neutrality, free from likes and dislikes.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Grace; favor’?
अनुग्रह (अनुग्रहः) - anugrahaḥ
Divine assistance or benevolence received during spiritual practice.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Transformation; change’?
परिणाम (परिणामः) - pariṇāmaḥ
Refers to the process of change or modification in the mind and nature.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Illness; disease’?
व्याधि (व्याधिः) - vyādhiḥ
A physical or mental disturbance that can hinder spiritual practice.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Support; basis’?
अलम्बन (अलम्बनम्) - ālambanam
The focus or object of meditation, which supports concentration.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Single-pointedness’?
एकाग्रता (एकाग्रता) - ekāgratā
The focused state of mind required for deep meditation.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Not-self; non-self’?
अनात्मन् (अनात्मन्) - anātman
Anything that is not the true self or eternal consciousness.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Cycle of birth and death’?
संसार (संसारः) - saṁsāraḥ
The continuous cycle of life, death, and rebirth caused by karma and ignorance.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Reasoning; logical thought’?
वितर्क (वितर्कः) - vitarkaḥ
The initial stage of meditation involving analytical thinking and reasoning.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Infinite; endless’?
अनन्त (अनन्तः) - anantaḥ
A term often used to describe the limitless nature of the self or consciousness.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Knowledge of discernment’?
विवेकख्याति (विवेकख्यातिः) - vivekakhyātiḥ
Clear understanding or realization of the difference between the real and unreal.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Essence; principle’?
तत्त्व (तत्त्वम्) - tattvam
The fundamental principles or truths underlying reality.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Spirituality; inner self’?
अध्यात्म (अध्यात्मम्) - adhyātma
Pertains to the inner self or spiritual practices directed inward.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Pacification; calming’?
प्रशमन (प्रशमनम्) - praśamanam
The process of calming the mind and reducing mental fluctuations.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Consciousness; awareness’?
चेतना (चेतना) - cetanā
Refers to the intrinsic quality of awareness or sentience.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Practitioner; seeker’?
साधक (साधकः) - sādhakaḥ
One who engages in spiritual discipline or practice to achieve liberation.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Direct perception’?
प्रत्यक्ष (प्रत्यक्षम्) - pratyakṣam
Knowledge gained through immediate sensory experience.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Inference’?
अनुमान (अनुमानम्) - anumānam
Knowledge obtained through logical reasoning based on observation.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Word; sound’?
शब्द (शब्दः) - śabdaḥ
Often refers to scriptural testimony or authoritative verbal knowledge.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Attraction; withdrawal’?
संकर्षण (संकर्षणः) - saṅkarṣaṇaḥ
The drawing inward of the senses and mind during meditation.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Obstacle; hindrance’?
अन्तराय (अन्तरायः) - antarāyaḥ
Anything that disrupts or obstructs progress on the yogic path.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Intellect; understanding’?
बुद्धि (बुद्धिः) - buddhiḥ
The faculty of discernment, decision-making, and higher reasoning.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Wisdom; insight’?
प्रज्ञा (प्रज्ञा) - prajñā
The intuitive knowledge or direct realization arising from meditation.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Qualification; eligibility’?
अधिकार (अधिकारः) - adhikāraḥ
The suitability or preparedness of a practitioner for spiritual practice.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Support; foundation’?
आधार (आधारः) - ādhāraḥ
The base or foundation upon which something rests, often used in meditative contexts.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Infinity; boundlessness’?
अनन्तता (अनन्तता) - anantatā
A quality of being limitless, often associated with the nature of the self or consciousness.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Innate; natural’?
सहज (सहजः) - sahajaḥ
Refers to qualities or states that arise naturally without effort.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Refuge; shelter’?
शरण (शरणम्) - śaraṇam
Taking support or protection, often in the divine or in spiritual practices.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Steadfastness; commitment’?
निष्ठा (निष्ठा) - niṣṭhā
Complete dedication or immersion in a practice or path.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Unwholesome; impure’?
अशुभ (अशुभः) - aśubhaḥ
Refers to thoughts or actions that are spiritually detrimental.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Auspicious; pure’?
शुभ (शुभः) - śubhaḥ
Qualities or actions that are spiritually beneficial or conducive to growth.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Blockage; impediment’?
प्रतिबन्ध (प्रतिबन्धः) - pratibandhaḥ
Any obstruction that hinders spiritual progress.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Reflection; contemplation’?
चिन्तन (चिन्तनम्) - cintanam
The act of thinking deeply or meditating on a concept or truth.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Remembrance; recall’?
स्मरण (स्मरणम्) - smaraṇam
The practice of remembering spiritual teachings or one’s true nature.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Experience; realization’?
अनुभूति (अनुभूतिः) - anubhūtiḥ
Direct experience or realization of a spiritual truth.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Clarity; cheerfulness’?
प्रसन्नता (प्रसन्नता) - prasannatā
A calm, clear, and joyful state of mind achieved through yoga.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Ascetic; disciplined one’?
तपस्वि (तपस्वी) - tapasvī
A person devoted to self-discipline and austerity for spiritual growth.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Worship; devotion’?
उपासना (उपासना) - upāsanā
The act of reverent contemplation or service to a higher principle.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Consciousness; awareness’?
चैतन्य (चैतन्यम्) - caitanyam
The pure, eternal, and unchanging essence of awareness.
What is the Sanskrit term for ‘Pervasion; omnipresence’?
व्याप्ति (व्याप्तिः) - vyāptiḥ
The quality of being all-encompassing.
Ascetic
A person devoted to self-discipline and austerity for spiritual growth.
उपासना (उपासना)
Worship; devotion
The act of reverent contemplation or service to a higher principle.
चैतन्य (चैतन्यम्)
Consciousness; awareness
The pure, eternal, and unchanging essence of awareness.
व्याप्ति (व्याप्तिः)
Pervasion; omnipresence
The quality of being all-encompassing or present everywhere.
आकाङ्क्षा (आकाङ्क्षा)
Aspiration; desire
The longing or aspiration for spiritual progress or liberation.
संयोग (संयोगः)
Union; conjunction
The joining together of the self and consciousness, or the interaction of puruṣa and prakṛti.
वियोग (वियोगः)
Separation; disjunction
The dissociation of the self from the fluctuations of the mind.
आशय (आशयः)
Disposition; receptacle
The underlying mental tendencies or substratum of the mind.
कृपा (कृपा)
Compassion; mercy
An attitude of kindness and empathy toward others.
आरोप (आरोपः)
Superimposition
Attributing qualities or characteristics to something that does not inherently possess them.
निर्वाण (निर्वाणम्)
Liberation; extinction
The ultimate freedom from suffering and the cycle of birth and death.
आनुपूर्व (आनुपूर्वः)
Sequential; orderly progression
The orderly and logical progression of spiritual practices.
विशेष (विशेषः)
Particular; specific
A distinct or unique quality or aspect of something.
परिणाम (परिणामः)
Transformation; change
The alteration of mental states or qualities through spiritual practice.
अवस्थ (अवस्थः)
Condition; state
A particular state or condition of the mind or self.
