Question Bank Flashcards
What is the normal path of sperm movement from the male testis to the point of fertilization in the female is
Epididymis, vas deferens, urethra, vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tube
When muscles in the skin contract and cause the hair of an animal to “stand out”, the skin could be functioning as a regulator of
Body temperature
Explanation: A major function of hair is to help mammals regulate body temperature by reducing the amount of heat lost to the environment. Hair provides insulation
Albumin is the major blood osmoregulatory protein. The most likely effect of a sharp rise in the level of serum albumin is
An influx of interstitial fluid into the bloodstream
If chromosomal duplication before tetrad formation occurred twice during spermatogenesis, while the other steps of meiosis proceeded normally, which of the following would result from a single spermatocyte
Four Diploid Sperm
Explanation: Because replication occurred twice instead of once prior to tetrad formation, each sperm would have twice the normal amount of DNA. Producing four diploid sperm instead of four haploid sperm
During prokaryotic protein synthesis, translation begins as soon as the newly synthesized mRNA strand begins to extend from the DNA strand. This situation differs from that in eukaryotes, because eukaryotes
Localize the processes of transcription and translation in the nucleus and cytoplasm, respectively.
Explanation: Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles including the nucleus, which contains the DNA. Transcription of DNA into RNA occurs in the nucleus. The RNA is then transported to the cytoplasm where ribosomes translate it into proteins.
After the gall bladder is removed from a patient, the patient will most likely have reduced ability to digest
Fat
Explanation: The gall bladder stores bile produced by the liver and secretes it into the small intestine as needed. Bike acts as an emulsifier, facilitating fat digestion. When the gall bladder is removed, a patient will have reduced ability to digest fats
In a particular species of plants, tall vine depends on a dominant gene (T), and a pink flower is the result of the heterozygous condition of the genes for red and white flowers (Rr). What fraction of the offspring from the cross of a tall, pink plant (heterozygous for height) with a short, pink plant would be expected to be pink and tall?
1/4
Based on the given information, the tall pink plant would have the genotype TtRr and could form the following gametes: TR, Tr, tR, and tr. The short pink plant would have the genotype ttRr and could form the following gametes: tR and tr
Consider an organism that has three pairs of chromosomes, AaBbCc, in its diploid cells. How many genotypically different kinds of haploid cells can it produce
8
Explanation: Formula 2^n 2^3 in this case which is 8
In the human knee jerk reflex, the knee is struck and the lower leg jerks forward. Which of the following represents the complete pathway that the nerve impulse travels in effecting this response?
Sensory neuron, motor neuron
Explanation: “knee-jerk” reflex is a simple monosynaptic stretch reflex. A tap to the tendon that connects the quadriceps to the patella activates a sensory neuron that directly synapses with a motor neuron in the spinal cord, causing the quadriceps to contract
In horses, the genes for red coat color and for white coat color are codominant. Heterozygous horses have roan-colored coats. Consider a roan-colored colt that has a white mother. What could be said about the coat color of the colt’s father
It could be either red or roan
Explanation: If a roan-colored colt (C^RC^W) has a white mother (C^WC^W), the father’s coat must be either roan (C^RC^W) or red (C^RC^R). The mother could only give the white color gene, so the father must have given the red.
Synthesis of antibody proteins in eukaryotic cells is associated with what organelle?
Endoplasmic reticulum
Explanation: As secreted proteins, antibodies are translated by ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Actin filaments within cells can be identified experimentally by the use of a labeled molecule that binds specifically to actin and not to other cell substances. Which of the following would be best to use as the labeled molecule?
Myosin
Myosin binds to actin during contraction and will remain bound until phosphorylated by ATP. actin filaments can be “decorated” with portions of the myosin molecule. Although ATP provides energy for muscle contraction, it provides energy from any other cell activities as well and would therefore be nonspecific. In addition, ATP binds to myosin,not to actin in the contraction cycle. Albumin is a protein found in blood plasma. Myoglobin is the oxygen binding pigment in muscle.
Suppose that in a randomly mating population of mammals, 160 of its 1000 members exhibit a specific recessive trait that does not affect viability of the individual. how many individuals in this population are heterozygous carriers of the gene that causes this trait.
480
The gene frequency of the recessive traits, q, can be ascertained by taking the square root of 16/100 or 0.4. Given the frequency, the frequency of p must be 1.0-0.4= 0.6. According to the Hardy-Weinberg law, the frequency of carriers is thus given by 2 pi or 2 x .4 x .6 = .48 or 48% of 1000= 480
Which of the following structures is derived from the same germ cell layer as the heart
Bone
The eye and spinal cord are formed from ectoderm, the liver is formed from endoderm, and the heart and bone are formed from mesoderm
An organism is likely to be a bacterium rather than a virus if it
Reproduces via fission
Viruses reproduce by replicating within a host cell and cannot reproduce by fission
Many bacteria has rigid walls and many viruses have rigid capsules so the rigid covering can not distinguish the 2.
Neither Bacteria nor viruses have a nuclear membrane and
Both bacteria and viruses can contain RNA and protein
