Question Bank Flashcards
Which type of radiation is used in diagnostic radiology?
A)
Characteristic X-ray
B)
Gamma photon
C)
Braking X-ray
D)
Hi-energy photon
B)
Gamma photon
In diagnostic radiology tube, X-ray is produced at………..
A)
Electron side
B)
Anode side
C)
Cathode side
D)
Filament side
C)
Cathode side
Which particle is used to produce radiation in X-ray tube?
A)
Proton
B)
Electron
C)
Neutron
D)
Carbon
B)
Electron
Which particle is used to produce radiation in X-ray tube?
A)
Proton
B)
Electron
C)
Neutron
D)
Carbon
B)
Electron
What is the cause of myopia (Near-sightedness)
A)
Too less refractive power of the eye
B)
None of them
C)
Too much refractive power of the eye
D)
Too less of the corneal curvature
C)
Too much refractive power of the eye
Atomic number and atomic mass remain constant in which type of decay?
A)
Gamma
B)
Negatron
C)
Positron
D)
Alpha
A)
Gamma
Which intraction between tissue and sound waves is responsible for energy conversion to heat
A)
Diffraction
B)
Interference
C)
Absorption
D)
Scattering
C)
Absorption
Rate of elimination of a 50 % radionuclide from the body, is called?
A)
Positron disintegration
B)
Biological half-life
C)
Decay rate
D)
Physical half-life
B)
Biological half-life
Doppler shift frequencies are typically in the …….. Range
A)
Infrasound
B)
Radiofrequency
C)
Audible
D)
ultrasound
C)
Audible
Which of the following human tissue demonstrate the highest rate of reflection of the ultrasound wave
A)
Lung
B)
Fat
C)
Bon
D)
Liver
A)
Lung
How is the myopic eye (Near-sightedness) corrected
A)
Negative cylindrical lens
B)
Positive spherical lens
C)
Positive cylindrical lens
D)
Negative spherical lens
D)
Negative spherical lens
A mode scan is a plot of the ……..in one dimension versus …….in the other dimension
A)
Amplitude, brightness
B)
Amplitude, depth
C)
Brightness, depth
D)
none of the above
B)
Amplitude, depth
Which sentence is correct?
A)
X ray interact indirectly with cells to produce free radicals.
B)
X ray interact directly with the cells.
C)
α-particles interact indirectly with cells to produce free radicals.
D)
Radiations with low linear energy transfer interact directly with the cells.
A)
X ray interact indirectly with cells to produce free radicals.
Where is the image of the distant object formed within a normal eye
A)
None of the above
B)
On the retina
C)
In front of the retina
D)
On the back of the retina
B)
On the retina
Which condition is consistat with laminar flow?
A)
Peak velocity is greater than 1 meter per seconed
B)
Peak velocity occure near the vessel wall
C)
All the above
D)
Blood flows in concentric layers with little mixing between layers
D) Blood flows in concentric layers with little mixing between layers
The half-life of radioactive substance:
A)
Stays the same with time
B)
Increases with time
C)
Decreases with time
D)
Increases then decreases with time
A)
Stays the same with time
Which of the following radiations is not an ionizing radiation?
A)
Infra- red
B)
Electron
C)
Neutron
D)
Gamma ray
A)
Infra- red
Which of the following are mechanisms by which ultrasound can produce bioeffects?
A)
Photoelectric effect
B)
Comton effect
C)
Stable cavitation
D)
Unstable cavitation
D)
Unstable cavitation
The distance of an object to the normal eye is 50 cm. What is the accommodation of the eye
A)
3 Dio
B)
1 Dio
C)
2 Dio
D)
4 Dio
C)
2 Dio
In which type of interaction between kilovotage radiation and body, the electron density has major role?
A)
Pair production
B)
Photoelectric
C)
Photo disintegration
D)
Compton
D)
Compton
What is the main difference between CT-Scan and radiographic images?
A)
Different mass attenuation coefficient
B)
Spatial resolution
C)
Contrast resolution
D)
Type of radiation
C)
Contrast resolution
Where is the image of the distant object formed within the myopic eye (Near-sightedness)
A)
None of the above
B)
In front of the retina
C)
On the retina
D)
On the back of the retina
B)
In front of the retina
The property of the medium which provides a measure of resistance to sound passing the medium is the………..
A)
Dielectric constant
B)
Acoustic impedance
C)
Solubility
D)
Index of refraction
B)
Acoustic impedance
What is the cause of presbyopia (Old-age vision)
A)
Decreasing of the eye dimension
B)
The loss of accommodation
C)
Decreasing of refraction power of the eye
D)
Decreasing of corneal thickness
B)
The loss of accommodation
How is the hypropic eye (Far-sightedness) corrected
A)
Negative spherical lens
B)
Positive spherical lens
C)
Negative cylindrical lens
D)
Positive cylindrical lens
B)
Positive spherical lens
Which type of radiation beam is recommended for radiotherapy of a superficial (skin) tumour?
A)
18 MV neutron beam
B)
18 MV photon beam
C)
6 MV photon beam
D)
6 MeV electron beam
D)
6 MeV electron beam
How can we increase the radiographic contrast?
A)
Using radio opaque material
B)
By increasing kilovoltage of the X-ray tube
C)
Using shielding material
D)
By decreasing milliampere of the X-ray tube
A)
Using radio opaque material
This equation shows the radioactive decay of Thorium (Th). Which of the following particles is released in this reaction?
A)
Alpha
B)
Gamma
C)
Beta
D)
Neutron
A)
Alpha
If a pulse duration of the transmitted wave is shortened , the ………..is improved in real time Images
A)
Axial resolution
B)
Sensitivity
C)
Lateral Resolution
D)
Temporal Resolution
A)
Axial resolution
Energy deposited in a kilogram of a substance by the radiation, is?
A)
Absorbed dose
B)
Effective dose
C)
Effective energy
D)
Equivalent dose
A)
Absorbed dose
What is the definition of half value layer (HVL)?
A)
Thickness to reduce the intensity of the radiation beam to half
B)
Layers to increase the beam energy
C)
Layers to produce X-ray beam
D)
Thickness of X-ray penetration
A)
Thickness to reduce the intensity of the radiation beam to half
What is the main difference between X-ray and other parts of electromagnetic spectrum?
A)
Scattering
B)
Energy
C)
Speed
D)
Mechanism of production
B)
Energy
Acoustic velocity is defiend as the
A)
Invers of the frequency
B)
Speed of the vibrating particles in the medium
C)
Number of cycles per second of the vibrating particles
D)
Speed at which sound wave propagate through the medim
B)
Speed of the vibrating particles in the medium
In simple myopic astigmatism, one focal line is in front of the retina, the position of another focal line is …………
A)
None of them
B)
in behind the retina
C)
On the retina
D)
In front of the retina
C)
On the retina
The conversion of an incident pressurewave to an electrical signal is the …..effect
A)
Snell
B)
Curie
C)
Doppler
D)
Piezoelectric
D)
Piezoelectric
How is the focal length of a sphero cylindrical lens
A)
One point
B)
two lines
C)
Two point
D)
one line
B)
two lines
A radioactive substance has a decay rate of 2.3% per year. What is its half-life?
(Ln2= 0.693)
A)
30.13 months
B)
3.61 years
C)
30.13 years
D)
3.61 months
A)
30.13 months
Calculate the decay constant for Cobalt-60 (T1/2= 5.26 years) in units of month-1.
A)
7.59
B)
1.097
C)
0.0109
D)
0.131
C)
0.0109
The three type of nuclear radiation in order of increasing penetrating power are?
A)
Alpha, Gamma, Beta
B)
Gamma, Alpha, Beta
C)
Alpha, Beta, Gamma
D)
Beta, Alpha, Gamma
C)
Alpha, Beta, Gamma
The cornea has …………. of the refractive power of the eye
A)
%70
B)
%20
C)
%30
D)
%50
A)
%70
What technique is used to produce differential absorption: (explain why?)
A)
Processing the radiographic film
B)
Lowering mill ampere
C)
Increasing kilo voltage
D)
Contrast material
D)
Contrast material
How is the hypropic eye (Far-sightedness) corrected
A)
Negative cylindrical lens
B)
Positive spherical lens
C)
Positive cylindrical lens
D)
Negative spherical lens
B)
Positive spherical lens
Which type of resolution is superior in CT scan in comparison to radiographic image
A)
Spatial resolution
B)
Tissue contrast resolution
C)
Temporal resolution
D)
Lateral resolution
B)
Tissue contrast resolution
Which type of resolution is superior in CT scan in comparison to radiographic image
A)
Spatial resolution
B)
Tissue contrast resolution
C)
Temporal resolution
D)
Lateral resolution
B)
Tissue contrast resolution
CT number value depends on:(write the CT number equation)
A)
X-ray intensity Scale factor (k)
B)
Water attenuation coefficient
C)
Tissues attenuation coefficients
D)
all of them
D)
all of them
Under which circumestances cavitation is most likely to occure
A)
High intensity and high frequency
B)
Low intensity and low frequency
C)
High frequency and low power
D)
Low frequency and high intesity
D)
Low frequency and high intesity
All of the following are true EXCEPT:
A)
Two waves with identical frequencies must interfere constructively
B)
Waves of different frequencies may exhibit both contructive and destructive interference at different times
C)
Out of phase waves interfere destructively
D)
Constructive interference is associated with waves that are in phase
A)
Two waves with identical frequencies must interfere constructively
Which one is not the requirement for a X-ray tube
A)
Having a low x-ray output
B)
Reproducible X-ray production
C)
Electro-mechanical and radiation safety
D)
Varying the x-ray energy
A)
Having a low x-ray output
What factor affects on the maximum energy of the X-ray beam. (explain why?)
A)
Inherent filtration
B)
Mill ampere
C)
Added filtration
D)
Kilo voltage
D)
Kilo voltage
Which of the following human tissue demonstrates the highest rate of absorption of the ultrasound wave?
A)
Lung
B)
Bon
C)
Liver
D)
Fat
B)
Bon
Barium-122 has a half-life of 2 minutes. A fresh sample weighting 80 gr was obtained. If it takes 10 minutes to set up an experiment using Barium-122, how much Barium-122 will remain after the experiment?
A)
1.25 gr
B)
5 gr
C)
2.5 gr
D)
10 gr
C)
2.5 gr
Which intraction between tissue and sound waves is responsible for image formation ?
A)
Reflection
B)
attenuation
C)
scattering
D)
Absorption
A)
Reflection
What information does Doppler shift provide?
A)
speed
B)
Flow
C)
velocity
D)
Cardiac out put
C)
velocity
which one of these ultrasound method of imaging is most suitable for heart valve movement
A)
A-mode
B)
M-mode
C)
Doppler
D)
B-mode (real time)
B)
M-mode
Which of the following is not property of acoustic wave?
A)
There is movement of the material
B)
Pressure and particle velocity are in-phase
C)
Particles in the medium oscillate with equal excursion in the positive and negative directions
D)
The wave front is attenuated by converting the energy in the pressure wave to heat
C)
Particles in the medium oscillate with equal excursion in the positive and negative directions
Axial resolution is improved by . . . . . .
A)
Decreasing the frequency of the transmitted waves and decreading the number of cycles in a pulse
B)
Increasing the frequency of the transmitted waves and increasing the number of cycles in a pulse
C)
Decreasing the frequency of the transmitted waves and increasing the of number cycles in a pulse
D)
Increasing the frequency of the transmitted waves and decreasing the number of cycles in a pulse
D)
Increasing the frequency of the transmitted waves and decreasing the number of cycles in a pulse
Radiographic differential absorption depends on
A)
Photographic effect
B)
Mill ampere
C)
Kilo voltage
D)
Mass density
C)
Kilo voltage
Which type of decay doesn’t affect the atomic number?
A)
Positron
B)
Gamma
C)
Alpha
D)
Negatron
B)
Gamma
How is the braking x-ray produced
A)
Changing the kinetic energy of an electron
B)
After electron transition between the shells
C)
Deceleration of an electron between atomic orbitals
D)
Absorption of an electron by the nucleus
A)
Changing the kinetic energy of an electron
Name the instrument used to detect radioactivity?
A)
Voltmeter
B)
Geiger counter
C)
Ohmmeter
D)
Seismograph
B)
Geiger counter
In the X-ray tube which parts are anode and cathode, respectively
A)
Cup and filament
B)
Target and filament
C)
Cup and target
D)
Filament and rotor
B)
Target and filament
Coupling gel is applied between the transducer and patient’s skin during scanning to . . . .
A)
Reduce friction in moving across the skin
B)
Increasing acoustic impedance between the crystal and tissue
C)
reduce acoustic impedance between the crystal and tissue
D)
Activate the piezoelectric crystal
C)
reduce acoustic impedance between the crystal and tissue
Particles that are high-energy electromagnetic (high LET) waves are called?
A)
Beta
B)
Gamma
C)
Alpha
D)
X ray
C)
Alpha
Diagnostic X-ray Spectrum is consisted of
A)
Characteristics and annihilation photons
B)
Photoelectric and scattered radiation
C)
Characteristics and braking rays
D)
Scattered and braking rays
C)
Characteristics and braking rays
Which transducer would be best to image superficial structures?
A)
Small diameter, high frequency
B)
Large diameter, high frequency
C)
Small diameter, low frequency
D)
Large diameter, low frequency
B)
Large diameter, high frequency
ST
main difference between X-ray and Gamma rag
Mechanism of production
ST
The parameters and factors thath affect X-ray spectrum are:
1. Tube current
2. Tube voltage
3. Added filtration
4. Target material
Effects are:
1. Tube current: Amplitude
2. Tube voltage: Amplitude and position
3. Added filtration: Amplitude and effective energy
4. Target material: Amplitude and position
ST
Main role of contrast material in diagnostic radiology is to …
To increase radiation differential absorption
ST
increasing frequency ………………..resolution because wavelength is ………………., thus reducing spatial pulse length
increasing frequency “improves” resolution because wavelength is “reduced”, thus reducing spatial pulse length
ST
In electron capturing what happens
converting of proton to neutron happens
