question bank Flashcards
1
Q
drugs side effects: ring in the ears, + abdomen pain + mild metabolic acidosis
A
aspirin
2
Q
Wad does juvenile myoclonic epilepsy shows in EEG
A
4-6 Hz irregular poly spike n wave burst
3
Q
Where does opiates acutely inhibit cAMP dependent protein phosphorylation in which structure
A
locus cerelus
4
Q
Excoriation disorder is in which catergory
A
OCD and related
5
Q
MMPI which scale catch ppl intentionally endorses items that reflect social desirability
A
Lie scale
6
Q
Distal weakness in one limb, + muscle wasting in same distribution is wad disease
A
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
7
Q
exaggerated startles response with violent myoclonus, elicit by lights or speaking loudly, myoclonic jerks seen spontaneously, which disease
A
Spongiform encephalopathy
8
Q
Blue lips, pinpoint pupils, crackles on lung mild arhythymia
A
Codeine
9
Q
Role of observing ego
A
mobilized defense mechanism in response to signal anxiety
10
Q
biofeedback is wad type of mechanism
A
operant conditioning
11
Q
Most common deficit underlying reading disorder in english speaking children is
A
pholonogical functioning
12
Q
Core principle of motivational interviewing
A
develop discrepancy
13
Q
Autistic mostly frequent with
A
mental retardation
14
Q
Most common cause of meningitis in 2 year old after upper res infection
A
Haemophilus influenza
15
Q
Object relations theory central premise is
A
The mind is inhabited` by mental representations of self and others
16
Q
Compared these drugs, which is comparatively safer to be given with MAOI amitrip meperidine tramadol fentanyl Dextromethorphan
A
Fentanyl
17
Q
Which treatment modalities provides care for seriously mentally ill individuals in the community via MDT that is always around the clock
A
Assertive community treatment
18
Q
first ethical directive after world war two
A
nuremberg code
19
Q
diff between polymyositis and inclusion boy myositis
MG?
A
polymyositis: proximal (hips, thighs, shoulder, neck), <18
IBM: distal and proximal, >50 (most common)
MG: usually eyes, swallowing
20
Q
dietary that may help depression
A
S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAMe)
21
Q
Which PD most common in severe factitious disorder
A
BPD
22
Q
Defendants’ competency in court is
A
presume unless the issue is raised
23
Q
Stimulant induced craving for drugs is most frequently mediated by
A
glutamate
also dopamine and gaba
24
Q
kindling of depression is supported by which phenomena
A
recurrence without stressors
25
Most frequent causes of simultaneous bilateral facial palsies
borrelia burgdorferi
26
Most likely to inc risk of impairment after bereavement i 80 year old
sig depressive symptoms shortly after loss
27
Most common learning disorder in school
reading disorder
28
Basilar stroke symptoms
: limb which one
others:
all 4 limbs
bulbar
INO
29
lateral medullary stroke is wad
vertebral artery:
contralateral homonymous hemianopia (due to occipital infarction), hemisensory loss (due to thalamic infarction) and hemi-body pain (usually burning in nature and due to thalamic infarction)
30
Bupropion may show false positive in
| sertraline may show false positive in
amphetamines
| benzo
31
amitriptyline may show false positive in
| trazodone ''
LSD
| Amphetamines
32
pheochromocytoma most usually cause wad psych issue
panic attack
33
In AA most clearly productive of alcohol abstinence for AA
obtaining a sponsor
34
EMG for myopathy is usually
small, short duration motor units on needle examination
35
blood level for tricycline, which is more accurate (2)
protriptyline, desmipraminel nortriptyline
36
reason y naloxone can be given with buprenorphine with no issue
poor sublingual absorption of naloxone
37
In purging whihc electrolyte inc or dec:
K
Bicarb
Cl
k dec
Bicarb In
chloride dec
38
What does Addisonian crisis shows
Low bP, Low sugar, high K
39
Most common substance used among schizo patients are
| For high school
nicotine
| alcohol
40
Pregnant woman usually have their body area struck at the the
abdomen
41
Whipple's Disease
| Tropheryma whippelii can be diagnosed by
cerebrospinal fluid with PAS+ cells
got dec hemoglobin level, positive fat in stool
hyperpigmentation, diffused joint pain, abdo pain
42
Phototherapy and bipolar
can use but need vigilance and careful titration
| can cause mania
43
Positive reagin antibodies is what and how to treat
syphylis
| penicillin
44
which freud stage where child realize he or she is the child of the parent and the parents have a relationship between each other no solely as a parent
phalic
45
OCD has familial link with
tic disorder
46
Most prevalent movement disorder with elderly is
essential tremors
47
Moral skill that was first developed in children during 8-11
internalisation of parental values
48
opsoclonus myoclonus ataxia is associated with
sclc
| breast
49
What is the defining features of mood in atypical mood disorder
reactive
50
Using alarm is better than desmopressin in wad
lower relapse rate
51
Which cancer treatment may be followed by subcortical dementia due to leukoencephalopathy
whole brain radiation
52
Polymorphism of which following candidates genes have been shown to be associated with harm avoidance
serotonin transporter
53
who do short term dynamic psychotherapy and wad they do
davaloo
| Clarify and relentlessly confront the pt's defense
54
according to freud what is the term for the dreams u remember upon awakening
manifest dream
55
which are the following stages of development has a group reached where the members are less afraid of revealing individual differences so that they can participate in experiential learning
Norming
56
Chronic prescription opioid use most commonly affects which hormones
testosterone
57
what kind of nystagmus is for cerebellopontine anglr
Bruns nystagmus -> slow when look at lesion, quick nystagmus when look away from lesion
58
Nystagmus that worsens on fixed visual, bilateral, presents of vertical and horizontal gaze is
brainstem
59
Most effect treatment for writer's cramp is
botox
60
what is primary process thinking
focused on drives and wish fulfillment
61
why telepysh is not popular
psychiatrist dont like
62
Lithium with hydrothiazide will
lithium will inc
63
terazosin can help with
antidepressant induced sweats
64
Most common psych stuff in SLE
depression and cognitive impairment
65
Most common solid tumor in children
neuroblastoma
66
Most common meds that affects old ppl for falls apart from benzo
antidepressants
67
Mirtazapine is better than SSRI in which side effect
diarrhea
68
Antipsychotic that associated with decreased psych symptoms and substance use and inc abstinence
clozapine
69
A first seizure u 58 year old man with focal onset and sec generalisation is likely due to
glioblastoma
70
Major therapeutic goal in self help is
overcoming maladaptive behaviors
71
Which drug ca show subcortical demyelinating lesions
Toulene
72
What surgical procedure can help refractory epilepsy
electrical stimulation of vagus nerve
73
what is external validity
| what threatens it
External validity refers to how well the outcome of a study can be expected to apply to other settings
-study population is not representative of the population to be treated
74
IN Pavlov. the dog salivates, the food and the bell
| which is the conditioned stimulus
the bell
75
What worsen the impulse control in Parkinsons
Pramipexole
76
for violence death of loved one, wad is different
early bereavement is similar but it will be longer period
77
chronic heavy alcoholic has wad kind of electrolyte imbalance
hypomg and hypoPO4
78
IQ of 68 which period hardest to struggle
Adolescence
79
AA was created by who
dr bob smith and bill wilson
80
Triangulating in family therapy and psychology is...
Triangulation occurs when an outside person intervenes or is drawn into a conflicted or stressful relationship in an attempt to ease tension and facilitate communication. This also has splitting and scapegoating
81
skin manifestation of ecchymosis can be indicative of
Cushing's
82
wad meds can be useful for male erectile dysfunction either transurethral or intracavernosal injection?
alprostadil
83
how to make ppl move from contemplation to preparation
acknowledge ambivalence and evoke motivation to change
84
Anticholinergic need to give what
physostigmine
85
Prisoners' need to be given health care based on what principles
Treatment must be provided to those who are prevented from seeking their own health care
86
Which meds is useful in HIV dementia but potentially more toxic later in the disease
Methyphenidate
87
Withdrawal symptoms for heroin peak in
36 hours
88
in hypnosis, a pt report reduced awareness of sounds and other distractions in the therapist office, what is this component of hypnosis concentration
Absorption
89
What are the three component of hypnosis
Absorption: reduced awareness of sounds and other distractions
other two components:
dissociation: functional separation of elements of identity, memory, consciousness or motor response from mainstream of conscious awareness
Suggestibility: tendency to perceive and accept signals and information with relative suspension of customary critical judgement
90
Principle of human subject consent is essential, first plan that suggest this is
Nuremberg code
91
What is Belmont report, what are the 3 component
respect for person, beneficent and justice
92
What is the most widely used comprehensive broad rating scale for assessment of school age children due to the availability of age based and gender based norms
Child behavior checklist (CBCL)
93
When children demonstrate a [reference for human voices and speech
Birth
94
First step when determine whether or not a criminal defendant is not guilty by reason of insanity is
determine the legal insanity standard to be used
95
Which serve the basis of mentalisation based therapy
| MBT is good for:
Bowlby's attachment theory
| BPD
96
What does trail making test tested?
| What does Benton visual retention test ?
Visual attention and task switching (can check for executive functioning)
Benton: visual processing and visual memory, help identify possible learning disabilities
97
Presence of wad after a traumatic event will inc the risk of PTSD
A) depression
B) dissociation
C) intense fear
dissociation
98
Y lithium not very good for old ppl
Changes in renal clearance makes it hard to use
99
Triangulation appears and is focused on which family therapy
How abt unbalancing
strategic FT
structural: taking side of one family member to force change
Structural focus on role and boundaries
100
cisplatin can cause what, name three
1. change in skin colour
2. peripheral sensation pain
3. sensation mostly loss on the position and vibration distally
101
Hypochondriasis affects which part of the brain is see in PET
caudate
102
Myasthenia gravis can be check antibody of
acetylcholine receptors
103
Theory of infant socialization, successful attachment most likely promote survival by
Creating a bond so adults will protect it
104
Elevated iGG in CSF and serum means what
Sarcoidosis
105
what history shows poor response for lithium treatment
mixed manic/depressed episode
106
Earliest evidence of cell loss in alzheimer is where
Entorhinal cortex
107
FDA says generic drugs should not significantly differ from the brand drug in
Bioequivalence
108
Asperger's has more problem in which of the following learning profile
non verbal LD
109
What is cultural integration
integration is a form of cultural exchange in which one group assumes the belief and practice of another group without sacrificing the characteristics of its own culture
110
Which three TCA drugs has better anticholinergic s/e
Which is most cardio toxic
Which is least sedative
```
Variable: moderate with
nortriptyline,
imipramine and
dosulepin (dothiepin)
Marked with others
```
-most cardio toxic: ami and dothiepin
-least sedative: nortriptyline
Usually nortriptyline has the least side effect for a lot of things including postural hypotension, anticholinergic
desmipramine has not as serious anticholinergic s/e
111
hypothalamic hamartoma can cause
| where is it
```
Seizures
Precocious (early) puberty
Hormone imbalances
Cognitive impairment
Behavioral problems
Emotional difficulties
```
at hypothalamus
112
Best 1st line for essential tremors , names two
propanolol, primidone (if pt has asthma)
113
IBS has high efficacy on wad
hypnosis
114
Which lobe will have failing of arms and fencing posture
frontal lobe
115
During spasticity, which neurotransmitter will be reduced
GABA and glycine
116
children physical and sexual abuse is a risk factor for which anxiety disorder
Panic disorder
117
Which psychotherapy make the pt into a sick role and give them permission and responsibility to recover?
IPT
118
What is the most frequent manifestation of acute neuro syphilis
stroke / meningitis
119
which vitamin will cause polyneuropathy eve if deficient or in excess
B6
120
DBT will teach which skill sets first
Mindfulness
121
thalamic stroke is due to
posterior cerebral artery ischemia
122
Amphetamines' achieve stimulant effect by
release of catecholamine
123
Memory loss on dissociative amnesia is what type
a) semantic
b) episodic
c) anterograde
d) procedural
e) biographical
episodic
124
Cortical branch of posterior cerebral artery can cause:
homonymus hemianopia
| alexia without agraphia
125
alexia without agraphia is due to which lesions
| which blood vessels
infarct of the left occipital cortex and the splenium of the corpus callosum.
posterior cerebral artery
126
Nerve conduction study is MG is:
| Acute polyneuropathy is
normal
| For acute polyneuropathy: slowing of nerve conduction studies
127
shortest half life of SSRI
fluvoxamine
128
What treatment has demonstrated effectiveness in preventing future suicide in ppl with MDD that recent attempted suicide
CBT
129
Anterior spinal infarct can cause
motor and spinothalamic problems
130
What is the most predictive of positive psychotherapy outcome
Therapeutic alliance
131
When DSM start with multi axial system
DSM 3
132
Piaget explain what theory
How individual learn and understands the world
133
Which over teh counter drug can cause dissociation feeling
Dextromethorphan
134
epo proteins genotype
which dec risk of Alzheimer's
which is the worse, and by how many times
E2/E3 (0.6)
E2/E2 (0.6)
E4/D+E4 (20 x)
135
Myotonic dystrophy, how does it inherit
When it usually appear
what are the non muscle symptoms (name 3)
autosomal dominant
during young adulthood
Other signs and symptoms of myotonic dystrophy can include cataracts, type-2 diabetes, and cardiac conduction defects (irregular electrical control of the heartbeat). Some affected men also have hormonal changes that may cause balding or infertility.
136
What is the major focus of outpatient psychotherapeutic groups for patients with schizophrenia
social skill development
137
Common side effect of naltrexone and disulfiram
Elevated liver enzyme
138
what does frame refer to in psychotherapy
how it is organised in terms of boundaries and consistent defining rules
139
REM is evident in which stage of development
In utero
140
depression inc or dec :
sleep latency
stage 3 sleep
REM sleep latency
amount of REM sleep.
Inc sleep latency (time to fall asleep),
reduced of stage 3 sleep (also known as deep sleep), reduced REM sleep latency (time to
REM sleep from sleep onset),
and increased amount of REM sleep.
141
Prognosis of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy is poorest if the disease process involved wad
proximal axon
142
evoked potential or evoked response is used to test what
psychogenic blindness
143
supportive psychotherapy classically involves supporting and accepting the patient's
defense mechanism
144
antimalaria pills induce or inhibits P450
inhibit
145
normal alpha rhythm is usually where
posterior dominant
146
gastric bypass surgery will have what deficiency
thiamine
147
agitation, paranoia and "walking on air" is which drug intoxication/withdrawal
dextromethorphan
148
Which substance abuse can induce behavioral disinhibition when used with xanax
alcohol
149
if psych say that he cannot treat someone not his expertise, what ethical principal is this
non maleficent
150
when ppl first realise individual difference in executive functioning
preschool
151
Validity scale of MMPI-2 test wad
test taking attitude of patient
152
Wad kind of medication class will cause worsen physiological tremors
corticosteriods
153
which of the following psychotherapeutic interventions is the most insight orientated
1) affirmation
2) clarification
3) advice and praise
4) empathetic listening
5) encouragement to elaborate
2) clarification
154
which infant temperamental stsyle is associated with eventual onset of anxiety symptoms in childhood
inhibited
155
biofeedback can be useful in wad (5)
insomnia, muscle tension, Raynaud mild to moderate severe idiopathic Raynaud disease, include tension HA, migraines, TMJ, epilepsy, asthma, arrhythmias, fecal
incondnence, HTN, and many others.
156
what can be used for meth abuse
bupropion
157
Most common cause of brain tumor in 65 year old
metastatic lung carcinoma
158
Insufficient of what hormone is associated with severe Intellectual disability
thyroid
159
serotonin syndrome usually need to give what first in terms of meds
lorazepam
160
Most common comorbid diagnosis in children with separation anxiety disorder
GAD
161
bupropion is better than ssri in terms of
less drug interactions
162
which brain part is useful treatment for primary generalised dystonia
globus pallidus
163
Pretend play usually appears at which part
toddlerhood
164
During acute initial refeeding phase of AN, which is most helpful focus of psychotherapeutic interventions with the pt
a) framing use of disordered eating behavior as a maladaptive coping mechanism
b) identifying triggers for relapse and developing plans to prevent relapse
c) exploring developmental, familial, and cultural antecedents to the illness
d) challenging cognitive distortions and negative core beliefs
d) coaching, support, and positive behavioral reinforcement
E) coaching, support, and positive behavioral reinforcement
165
MAOI food to avoid
coffee, red wine, beer(not vodka), smoked meats, cheese, chocolate, fava beans, Fermented soy products, such as soy sauce, miso, or tofu
166
primary process thinking refers to mental activity exemplified by which of the following
unconscious thoughts that do not maintain logical connections
167
Which molecule target in schiz help with improving cognition
D1 receptor agonism
168
Dantrolene how to help NMS , what mechanism
skeletal muscle relaxation
n skeletal muscle, Dantrium dissociates excitation-contraction coupling, probably by interfering with the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
169
what is anaclitic depression
common outcome following sudden or prolonger separation of otherwise normal attached infant
170
Covet sensitization is on pairing o sexually arousing fantasies with
aversive fantasies
171
Negative predictive value definition
represents the probability that a person does not have a disease or condition, given a negative test result.
172
cognitive enhancement in schizophrenia is attributed to enhancement of NMDA receptors activities of which neurotransmitters
glycine
173
American Africans tend to have higher activity of which p450
3A4
174
myoclonic response when startled is which:
subacute spongiform encephalopathy SSPE
175
Acamprosate mechanism, what neurotransmitter
mechanism of action is uncertain, but the drug is thought to interact with neuronal NMDA receptors
glutamate
176
What substance abuse will inc prolactin
cocaine withdrawal
cocaine blocks dopamine reuptake and prolactin secretion is regulated, in part, by dopaminergic inhibitory mechanisms, cocaine withdrawal may induce rebound supersensitivity of prolactin secretion.
177
Cocaine mechanism of action
blocking the dopamine transporter, inhibiting reuptake of dopamine from the synaptic cleft into the pre-synaptic axon terminal;
blocks the serotonin transporter and norepinephrine transporter, inhibiting reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine from the synaptic cleft into the pre-synaptic axon terminal and increasing activation of serotonin receptors and norepinephrine receptors in the post-synaptic neuron
178
ketamine mechanism of action
NMDA receptor antagonist
179
which is inducer or inhibitor
```
cipro
erythromycin
rifampicin
st john wort
cimetidine
kavakava
cauliflower
red wine
```
cipro: inhibitor
erythromycin: inhibitor
rifampicin: inducer
st john wort: inducer
cimeditibe: inhibitor
kavakava: inhibit
cauliflower: induce
redwine: inhibit
180
ppl >65 with bipolar differ from young as they have
more mixed episode
181
potency definition
definition of efficacy
relative dose required to achieve a certain effect
Potency is the concentration (EC50) or dose (ED50) of a drug required to produce 50% of that drug's maximal effect. Efficacy (Emax) is the maximum effect which can be expected from this drug
182
what feature suggest pathogen is west nile virus
monoparesis
183
What causes lobar multi hemorrhage
amyloid angiopathy
184
wad can cause lithium to dec
aminophylline
Xanthines: theophylline, caffeine
Sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride containing products
Other: psyllium or ispaghula husk, urea, mannitol, acetazolamide
185
What scales would determine a children meets criteria for ID
vineland adaptive behavior scales
186
Which stage children will first exhibit the ability to recognized their thoughts and feelings are their own, and other may think differently
preschool age
187
which chemotherapy agent is mostly common associated with distal polyneuropathy
cisplatin
188
deficits of which neurocognitive skills for schiz is affected
working memory
189
Adverse cardiac effects of TCA is due to
fast sodium channels
190
arbitrary inference is based on
drawing a conclusion despite the absence of evidence or despite evidence to the contrary
191
Which meds are most effective in treatment of premature ejaculation
Of those approved for use in the United States, paroxetine seems to be the most effective.
192
For compulsive sexual behavior, the best results is seen in
twelve steps group
193
difference between inhalant and PCP intoxication
inhalant: nystagmus, depressed reflex, Incoordination, Slurred speech, Psychomotor retardation, : Hypotension, hypothermia, depressed gag reflex
PCP: Vertical/horizontal nystagmus, HTN/tachycardia, numbness or diminished responsiveness to pain, Ataxia, Dysarthria
194
Cape like loss of pain and temp sensation
syringomyelia
195
ibs can give wad meds
imipramine
196
Wad should be given if someone have laryngeal dystonia
benztropine IM
197
juvenile myoclonic epilepsy EEG
3-6 Hz generalized polyspike and wave discharge
198
Absence seizure EEG
It has a classic EEG finding of 3 Hz spike and wave discharges.
199
DSM 3 is different than its predecessors in
add descriptive diagnostic criteria
200
Evidence strongly support use of which meds for smoking cessation
but wad has the highest success rate
varenicline
bupropion and group therapy
201
Primary goal of supportive psychotherapy
stabilize the patient's functioning and strengthen patient defense
202
how many hours do amphetamine reach peak level
2 hours
203
Baby with hypertonia, hyperreflexia, irritability and tremors with depressed interactive behavior is due ot mother's addiction of
cocaine
| Floppy baby is due to benzo: hypo tonia
204
smoking affect which antipsychotic (2)
clozapine and olanzapine (CYP 1a2)
205
interpersonal social rhythm therapy is for which disorder and focus on wad
bipolar
| lifestyle regularity
206
GHB intoxication cause what
euphoria, increased energy, hyper-verbal, increased socialization, disinhibition,
hypersexuality, muscle relaxation
also can be date rape
Can be used by body builders
207
breast feeding super first line drug is
sertraline
208
which drug cause bruxism, decreased ability to orgasm
MDMA
209
group therapy forms
1) forming
2) Storming
3) norming
4) performing
5) adjourning
1) forming: setting ground rules, formalities, treating each other as strangers
2) Storming: communicate but still view themselves as individuals, resist control by group leader
3) norming: feel part of the team, accepting view point
4) performing: works in an open and trusting atmosphere
5) adjourning: assessment of the year and plans for transitioning roles and recognizing member contributions
210
naltrexone is what mechanism
opioid antagonist
211
what kind of sex behavior is bad in preschooler
mimic sex with toys
212
most common genetic abnormality for intellectual disability
| inherited
downs
inherited: fragile x
213
Which ssri is the greatest potential in blocking p450
faverin
214
Klevin leven is
excessive amounts of sleep (hypersomnolence), (i.e., up to 20 hours a day); excessive food intake (compulsive hyperphagia); and behavioral changes such as an abnormally uninhibited sexual drive.
215
Kluver bucy is
| which part of the brain damaged
damage to both of the anterior temporal lobes of the brain. It causes individuals to put objects in their mouths and engage in inappropriate sexual behavior.
216
to prove medical malpractice, what is the burden of proof
preponderance of evidence
217
Trazodone need high level for anti depressive property due to his weak affinity of
serotonin transporter
218
directed masturbation is useful for which sexual dysfunctions
female organismic disorder
219
correlation of plasma drug concentration with clinical effectiveness is best establish in which two drugs
clozapine, haloperidol
220
Which meds is most effective for treatment of low sexual desire in post menopausal women
testosterone, estrogen, Flibanserin, Bremelanotide
221
hallucinations in conversion has what quality
having childish, fantastic quality
222
in lithium toxicity, which part likely have permanent damage
cerebellum
223
contralateral leg weakness with sparing of face and arm associated with urinary incontinence and abulia are due to which type of stroke
ant cerebral artery
224
Most serious RTMS side effects are
seizure
225
first use the term schizophrenia is
Eugen bleuler
226
What is the absolute contraindication to use of sildenafil
regular use of sublingual nitroglycerin
227
most effective treatment for obstructive sleep apnea
positive pressure therapy
228
hypnotizability is most strongly predicted by
capacity for engaging in imagination
229
Which of the following stats measure the magnitude of difference between two intervention group
effect size
230
Seizure due to alcohol withdrawal have what feature
multiple episode
231
pure sensory deficit in lacunar is cuz at what area
lateral thalamus
232
pure motor deficit in lacunar is cuz at what area
posterior limb of the internal capsule
233
Which benzo is absorb quickly in po/im
lorazepam
234
which cognitive abilities is last to show decline in old age
word knowledge
235
which kind of meds can be found to have secondary cause of restless leg syndrome
antidepressant
236
There was a period of therapeutic optimism after which historical event
treatment of soldiers in world war 2
237
which is the best treatment for genitor pelvic/penetrations' disorder
dilatation with graduated sized vaginal dilators
238
cheery skin presentation is which poison
CO
239
wad is teh lowest dose of methadone that is considered to suppress opioid drug hunger and induce cross tolerance blockage of illicit opiates
80-120mg
240
Which phase of life when he is likely to have experienced his first sexual attraction towards a same sex partner
young adolescence
241
what test can distinguish executive dysfunction from depression
clock drawing test
242
Lithium will have inc was independent of renal function
calcium
243
with sodium which is most relevant to follow up
platelets
244
Care giver who is sufficiently attuned and responsive to a child's need to allow child to become aware of child's own drives is referred to as a
good enough mother
245
When genital self stimulation is particularly pronounced in children
18-3 years
246
children developed uncontrolled movement disorder characterized by writhing movements of limbs and head turning, this is associated with
Streptococcus
247
Specificity
true negative
248
what causes Argyll Robertson Pupils
neurosyphilis, other AR like pupils can occur in the setting of diabetes mellitus, neurosarcoidosis, chronic alcoholism, encephalitis, multiple sclerosis, Lyme disease, or herpes zoster
249
caffeine how does it cause inc dopaminergic activity
adenosine receptor
250
In child abuse, wich part of brain is more likely to have reduced size
hippocampus
251
In REM sleep, HR inc or dec
inc
252
Which part of pharmacokinetics remains the most stable in individuals over 65 compared to younger people
absorption
253
Which neurodevelopmental disorder will have seizure only during adolescence
autism
254
projective test is to
detect presence of subtle psychotic thought process
255
in self psychology, a major cause of mental illness is
an inability to gratify unconscious drives
256
drugs that is good for postherpetic neuralgia
capsaicin
257
alexia with no agraphia is due to which lesion
corpus callosum
258
if for Tourette's, antipsychotic and alpha adrenergic agonist does not help, what does
tetrabenazine
259
toc severity usually decrease during which age period
adolescents
260
increase beta frequency is due to wad meds
sedative (benzo)
261
When homosexuality was removed
dsm 3-R (1987)
262
what is the most salient features of anal phase
Child parent struggles the need to delay gratification of desires
263
odd in children can comorbid with which two disorder
ADHD and anxiety
264
Gelastic seizure (stereotyped laughing) are most commonly associated with which brain structure lesions
hypothalamus
265
what factors is associated with improved outcome in late life depression
family history of depression
266
l-methylfolate is better than folate in adjuvant treatment of depression because
What it inc and how
inc transfer across the blood brain barrier
| IT inc serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine via inc of tetrahydrobiopterin
267
Melanin klein is famous for wad
Objects relations psychotherapy: Melanie Klein (Object relations are related to drives; “ego splitting;”
infant-mother relationships; “depressive/paranoid/schizoid positions”)
268
Who do self psychology
Kohut
269
when the child is able to integrate the good and bad elements of the caregiver, he is said to be in wad phase
the depressive position
270
primary risk factor for completed suicide in medically hospitalised patient
lack of proper assessment of suicide risk
271
what hormone will be raised when have orgasms?
oxytocin
272
an effective study differs from efficacy study in which of the following
real world conditions
273
a drug addiction that causes a seizure that is not a withdrawal, what is it
meperidine (opiod)
274
standard of proof applies to civil involuntary psych commitment
preponderance of evidence
275
guanfacine is a wad type of meds
pre synaptic a-2 adrenergic receptor stimulation
276
mid life friendship characteristics
tend to have an urgent intense quality
277
long term wellbeing of child following a divorce depends on
cessation of conflict between the divorce parent
278
cluster headache, it occur during rem or non rem sleep
rem sleep
279
the combination of fluctuation aching pain in the lower ack, buttocks and sciatic distribution that is elicited by standing or walking and relieved by sitting with numbness in a similar distribution and loss of ankle reflexes is characteristic of which disorder
Spinal stenosis
280
Which meds can allow for larger daily reduction in benzo during taper from supratherapeutic doses
valproate
281
Paternalism can be justified by which basic ethic principals
beneficence
282
what hiv illness has the key work india ink
cryptococcosis
283
postpartum psychosis is associated with wad
bipolar
284
what is the following parental task first become especially important during toddlerhood
limit setting
285
What is the most evidence of managing irritability and aggression in children with autism
aripiprazole
286
what is most supportive for improving outcome in a practices in a therapeutic relationship
collecting feedback from patient about the treatment
287
Dementia pullistica ia a tauopathy or a alpha synuclein
tauopathy
| same as PSP
288
in children wad is the best strategic approach in med titration
higher weight adjusted doses of medication
289
how to engage a person who behaves in a manipulative entitled manner
modeling an approach of appealing to the patient's entitlement
290
a natural course of mania is
3 months
291
sleep terror onset is
childhood
292
how to unpair conditioned stimulus from unconditioned stimulus
have the people repeatedly face the conditioned stimulus without unconditioned stimulus
293
as children progress through the school age period of development they start to
recognize racial and ethnics stereotypes
294
varenicline mechanism
blocks the reinforcing effects of nicotine
| partial agonist at α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs).
295
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A what gene
deficit
how is it inherit
(a duplication) of the PMP22 gene
| Autosomal dominant inheritance
296
What is second line for panic disorder
Imipramine and clomipramine are effective and
may be used as second-line treatment of panic
disorder.
297
what is an active metabolite of amitriptyline
norptriptyline
298
in HIV dementia, what associated with earlier deficits as compared to early stage Alzheimer dementia
processing speed
299
diagnostic reliability was achieved by standardizing which
diagnostic criteria
300
migraine prophylaxis
topiramate
301
what is the principal mechanism of termination of synaptic activity to secrete seminal fluid
degradation by monoamine oxidase
302
Main goal of group CBT for chronic pain is
to maintain function despite pain
303
When children start repeating stories of what happen in great detail
school age
304
8 year old with mild ID is most likley having difficulty with
understanding social cues
305
that offspring of older father have inc risk of
schizophrenia
306
upbeating nystagmus one primary gaze
lesion of medulla
307
Pain caused by neurogenic inflammation is mediated by wad
substance P
308
Enuresis
1) can the act of voluntary
2) how old the child mz b
1) can be voluntary
| 2) Children mz be more than 5 years old
309
If a child have less vocab, is due to what delay
semantics
310
Potentially threatening object produce a startled response before a person becomes consciously aware of them, due to what connection
Amygdala
311
Huntington is due to lost of what neurotransmitter
GABA
312
Alleic exclusion and X link inactivation can best be explained by what
epigenetics
313
what kind of antibodies shows most in inc risk of neuropsychiatric risk in lupus
antiphospholipid
314
Wad prob will inc after gender reassignment surgery
general health problems
315
Explain universal, indicated and selective
Universal: target a general public or a while population group that has not been identified on basis of individual risk (good prenatal care programs to prevent bullying in school)
Selective: target to individuals or a subgroup f a population whose risk of developing mental disorder is significantly higher than average, (bereavement support group, social support program)
Indicated: targeted to high risk individuals who are identified to have minimal but detectable signs and symptoms, foreshadowing mental disorder (parenting program for parents of presch children who display aggression)
316
bonus: vaccination is which type of intervention
primary
317
adult neurogenesis is found at
hippocampus
318
Rct 's most significant critique is
better suite provide information about efficacy than effectiveness
319
what is the strongest predictor of involvement of patient in leadership role in mental health consumer organization
perceived organizational empowerment
320
what meds can contribute to development of galactorrhea with pt on risperidone
fluoxetine
321
genetic mapping methods aim to identify disease associated variants based on
genetic linkage
322
inc of wad hormones is associated with lowered severity of PYSD
dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
323
what antipsychotic is helpful in dec psychotic symptoms and adduction
clozapine
324
epigenetics is best defined as
mitotically and/or meiotically heritable changes in gene functions that cannot be explained by changes in DNA sequence
325
ALS is associated with what kind of dementia
frontotemporal dementia
326
wad prescription drug abuse happens the most
pain relivers
327
thomas szas saying mental illness is a myth because mental illness is
problem in living
328
The great majority of disease associated genetic variant identified by genome wide association studies occurs within
intronic or intergenic regions
329
uncinate fasciculus connect wat
anterior temporal and ventral frontal
330
Fragile X links to schiz by what kind of neurodevelopmental process
synaptic pruning
331
what hormone has circadian release pattern
cortisol
332
genome wide association studies typically assay which of the following
common genetic variants
333
Sex offender treatment program are usually wad kind of therapy
CBT
334
what is required of all psychiatrist by the American Board Psych and neurology maintenance of certification program
Medical knowledge
335
Signal in standard FMRI s the results of
changes i deoxyhemoglobin
336
what is useful in diagnosis of narcolepsy
multiple sleep latency test
337
main goal in initial phase of IPT
collecting information abt patient's significant relationship
338
exercise and cognition evidence so far...
Although studies vary in quality, the general evidence is that physical activity aid cognition in later life
339
How imprinting can lead to expression of a disease phenotype
Methylation of the paternal or maternal allele leads to unopposed expression of the other allele
340
Evidence in omega three and cognition decline....
There is no benefit in preventing cognitive decline, but there may be other benefits
341
Wad kind of psychology theory emphasized need to receive empathy from parents to develop own sense of worth
self psychology
342
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex plays an important role in what activities
working memory
343
wad is the most highly heritable mental disorder
autism spectrum disorder
344
physicians who die by suicide is diff from normal population by
less likely to take antidepressants
345
which type of seizure does the patient most likely have when they presented with paranoid delusions
complex partial
346
which part of brain help in working memory
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
347
When does peak dopamine receptor density occur in striatu
adolescent
348
US number one preventable cause of death
tobacco use disorder
349
When is maximal pruning of cortical synapse occur
adolescence
350
What is the mechanism for QTC interval prolongation related to antipsychotic meds
potassium channel blockade
351
delirium, how does it show in EEG
generalized theta or delta slow-wave activity
352
Name two neurotransmitters that implicated in brain reward activity
dopamine, GABA
353
In bipolar what is the decreased functional connectivity in the brain
amygdala and the prefrontal cortex
354
treatment of cataplexy in nacrolepsy
SSRI, SNRI, GHB, TCA
| Not modafinil
355
which part of the brain evaluates potentially harmful stimuli
lateral orbitofrontal
356
When does grey matter volume peak
late childhood
357
wad is needed for NMDA receptor ion channel opening,, name two
ligand binding and depolarization
358
What is the most common course of gender dysphoria
resolves spontaneously by adulthood
359
SSRI use in pregnancy is showed to what
is associated with neonatal adaption syndrome
360
testing for genetic variants by analyzing thousand to millions of genetic markers in individuals with a disease and unaffected control is known as
genome wide association studies
361
which of the molecular mechanism is best supported as a possible explanation for how early life stress could lead to development of psych illness in childhood
DNA methylation
362
Outcome of deinstitutionalisation
higher ratio of mentally ill patient in prison than in hospital
A lot of homelessness
363
what decreases in men undergoing andropause
penile rigidity
| weight gain, loss of energy and decreased bone density
364
Histone acetylation do wad
| Histone methylation do wad
Acetylation, mostly relaxes chromatin structure
n to make DNA sterically accessible and
transcriptionally active. Histone acetylation activates
Histone methylation mostly mutes, Reversibly represses DNA transcription.
365
Antidepressant Meds that does not have sexual side effects
bupropion, lexapro, mirtazapine
366
Which three part of the brain when overactive produces worry/obsessive symptoms
thalamus, dorsolateral-prefrontal cortex, striatum
367
trail making required what skill set (3)
attention, visual scanning, cognitive sequencing
368
Which neuroimaging technologies is most useful in studying connectivity pathway in brain
DTI
369
Which part hep with motor learning
basal ganglia
370
Blood brain barrier is primarily composed of which of the following
Endothelial
371
Aggression can be seen in ppl with reduced volume of which part
amygdala
372
what dies Wisconsin card sorting test accurately measure
the ability to generate alternative strategy in response to feedback, abstract thinking, CF, and set shifting
373
orexin is produce where
hypothalamus
374
Cortisol peak in the
morning
375
Dopamine neurons in which system helps with cognitive processing
Meso cortical
376
What is self objects in Heinz Kohuts self psychology
Other people in the environment who preform particular functions for the self
377
Neurosurgical approaches for OCD is where
| The Deep brain stimulation is where
cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortico circuitry
| The ant limb of internal capsule
378
Dopamine neurons in which system helps with nucleus accumbens and addiction
Mesolimbic
379
What is an example of a retrograde neurotransmitter
endocannabinoids or nitric oxide
380
Case management in addiction has shown to help with
retention in treatment
381
Patient with poor reality testing, primitive and immature defense and inadequate affect regulation is suitable for wad therapy
supportive
382
criterion a for schizophrenia
delusion, hallucination, disorganized speech
383
y older people have higher risk of EPSE
due to number of available dopamine receptors
384
acetylcholine receptors found in cerebral cortex are
mostly muscarinic or nicotinic
inhibitory or excitory
muscarinic
| both
385
The evidence strongest for gene/environment interaction between maltreatment and genes for which of the followings
Monoamine oxidase A
386
Chronotherapy is good for what kind of sleep disorder
circadian rhythm sleep disorder
387
which atypical antipsychotic carries package of irks of QTC prolongation
paliperidone
388
What drug can cause REM sleep behavior
alcohol or sedative-hypnotic withdrawal, tricyclic antidepressant (such as imipramine), or serotonin reuptake inhibitor use (such as fluoxetine, sertraline, or paroxetine) or other types of antidepressants (mirtazapine)
389
what neurotransmitter has a significant role in social bonding
oxytocin
390
Hoarding disorder most is accompanied by which mental illness
Depression
391
what is the first step in the 12 step addiction recovery
admitting powerlessness over the addiction
392
Wad strategies are most often linked to better outcome in treatment of depression in outpatient settings
The use of case managers
393
Good enuf parent is attuned to the infant's mental state by what process
mirroring
394
abnormal emotional expression like pathological laughter is due to lesion affecting circuit involving which three
frontal cortex, pons, cerebellum
395
exposure to light helps activating non visual retinal photoreceptors of which receptors
superchiasmatic nucleus
396
primary psychological task of school age children is achieve which of the following
Competence
397
5HT3 receptor is best described as
ligand gate ion channel
398
CATIE trial shows patient abusing substance which one
alcohol 60%
399
Which region of teh brain does morphology of neuron change the most duirng old age
prefrontal cortex
400
What is a methologic limitations of epidemiologic cohort studies
loss to follow up
401
what is a common form of sequence variation in the genome
single nucleotide polymorphism
402
How to diagnose genetic issue with microdeletion
fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)
403
among individuals with AN, those with binge-purge subtype are more likely than those with restrictive type to present with
substances use
404
Federal court ruled that what s a required component of psych care in correctional institute
suicide prevention program
405
which if the following is the gene mapping strategy that involves identification of genetic markers that co-segregate with disease phenotype
pedigree analysis
406
animal maternal licking has profound stress reactivity of offspring, wad is the evidence exist regarding te mechanism of this effect
due to DNA methylation affect glucocorticoid receptor expression
407
wad is the methodological advantage of genome wide association study in comparing individuals with schizophrenia to demographically matched control
can detect common gene variants that have small effect on disease risk
408
what cause cell death in alxzheimer s
NMDA
409
Wad antidepressant meds when taken as overdose clearly associated with seizure
clomipramine
410
time for peak withdrawal symptoms in heroin
36 hours
411
what is typically the first marker of impending puberty
acceleration of linear growth
412
wad biological sampling methods is easiest to falsify
urine
413
where ghrelin is secreted and what does it do
stomach, hunger
414
Where leptin is secrete and wad does it do
adipose tissue , reduce food intake
415
what electrolyte is associated with MDMA use
hyponat
416
what can help with antipsychotic induced drooling
glycopyrrolate
417
what happen after dopamine hydroxylase modifies dopamine
change into norepinephrine
418
What is the potential complication of genome wife studies
false positive through repeated association test
419
what rating scales can be self reported, screening diagnosis and finish under 5 minutes
patient health questionnaire
420
cortisol is least active when
sleep onset
421
gender identity is believed to be strongly influenced by wd
innate feeling
422
panic disorder usually happen at (wad part)
late adolescent
423
average number of years from start of mood disorder until diagnosis
6-8 years
424
what neuroimaging is useful in Alzheimer's
Single photon PET scan
425
Which animal brain part has showed to have connection with fear conditioning and fear extinction?
medial pre frontal cortex
426
Where and wad is dentate gyrus
Dentate gyrus is the first region where all sensory modalities merge together to form unique representations and memories that bind stimuli together, and thus, it plays a critical role in learning and memory.
part of the hippocampal formation in the temporal lobe
This is where neurogenesis is
427
Where and wad is entorhinal cortex
plays an important role in declarative (autobiographical/episodic/semantic) memories and in particular spatial memories including memory formation, memory consolidation, and memory optimization in sleep.
At medial temporal lobe
428
what predicts a better long term outcome in PTSD
rapid onset of symptoms
429
What med when given with pain meds will decrease analgesic effect
fluoxetine
430
highest rate of ptsd is wad incident
sexual assault
431
when is the maximal part of axons and synapsis exists
infancy
432
identify diffusion was described by erik Erickson is what
lack of continuity in how the self is experienced in relationship over time
433
neuronal density ins schizophrenia
no change in neuronal density
434
clinical exome sequencing is most useful for detection of
single nucleotide substitution
435
what gene mapping technique is useful in detecting rare genetic variants of large effect
pedigree linkage analysis
436
What do Kraepelin view of psych disease
they are categorically distinct "natural disease entity"
437
Which symptoms is considered to be irreversible effect of chronic anabolic steroid
hirsutism
| male-pattern baldness and breast development (gynecomastia) in men
438
which developmental stages in psychodynamic group therapy is characterized by intimacy
working group
439
Wheat is associated with an inc risk of depression in pt with multiple sclerosis
Lesion volume
440
Which following infant and toddler temperamental styles has been shown to have greatest association with eventual inset of anxiety symptoms in childhood
inhibited
441
which hormone is released during sleep but likely does not have a circadian pattern
growth hormone
442
Lithium is readily dialyzable due to its
low molecular weight
443
Wad is the alternative test for Babinski reflex
down scraping the skin
444
Indels means
small insertion and deletions in DNA sequence
445
Which of teh following vitamins is effective as an adjunt to atodepression meds
e D3
446
in RCT, its in appropriate to include p values in a table sowing baseline characteristics of subject by treatment group because
any differences at baseline must be arise by chance given randomization
447
Which of the following genes has been most associated with late onset alzheimers
APO E4
448
how does the CNS respond to an acute cortical insult
Microglia processes retract and the cell body enlarges
449
Highest prevalence of pathological laughing and crying
ALS
450
what is the pharmalogical effect of lithium
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibition
451
What happen first on puberty
For girls wad physical thing first
For boys what physical thing first
increase in adrenal androgen production
The onset of puberty is associated with high GnRH pulsing, which precedes the rise in sex hormones, LH and FSH
Boys: testicles
Girls: breast (menstrual is usually 2 years after that)
452
deep brain stimulations targeting what is for depression
subgenual cingulate cortex
453
Wad plays a role in fine tuning working memory in dorsolateal prefrontal cortex
dopamine
454
wad is the current evidence for pharmagenomis in psych practice
promise for clinical utility but replicated evidence about outcome is lacking
455
Splice variant is best defines as
diff proteins encoded by the same genes
456
Wad is an epigenetic cause of fragile X syndrome involves wad changes in fragile X mental retardation 1 gene
Methylation of CpG site of promotor region
457
Wad is associated with the loss of fast conducting peripheral sensory nerves and dec sex steriod secretion that accompanies ages
delayed ejaculation
458
Wad neural pathway is found to mediate reactive aggression
amygdala - hypothalamus - periductal gray
459
sleep spindle density is most markedly decreased from middle age to old age in which region of the brain
frontal and occipital lobes
460
Wad psychological treatment modalities help wt positive symptoms of schizophrenia
CBT
461
How does positive effect of the neuroinflammatory response
Microglial propagation of cytokines associated with decreased psychical activity in response to a peripheral infection
462
Whats the proportion of exome in human genome
2%
463
The recognition of affective behavior by the mirror neuron system involves connections between the anterior mesial frontal cortex and the
insula
464
When stress, cortico releasing hormone is released from which of the following
paraventricular nucleus
465
Detection of single nucleotide variants in rare genetic disease is most likely to occur with which of the following types of genetic study
Exome sequencing
466
When a child survive a natural disaster, which of the following social factors is most likely to be protective against developing post traumatic symptoms
the availability of peer support
467
crossover study can inc wad aspect
precision (to be able to repeat the same value)
468
what happen to p450 polymorphism is they are vey onz
| how to check
have multiple copies of wild alleles
| microarray assays
469
Which if the following neurotransmitter plays a key role in regulating the transition between sleep and wakefulness
histamine
470
what is metacognitive therapy
psychological treatment for schizophrenia that focus on social awareness and basic mental processes, with aims of helping patient understanding their own intellectual capacities, strengths and limitations
471
What genetic methods best allow for analysis of rare variation in the population
Next Gen sequencing
472
When psych dunno want to do next with this pt, and ask his supervisor what ethical principle is illustrated by this consultation
non maleficence
473
linezolid is what
an MAOI
474
When corticospinal tracts have completed myelination in children
3 years
475
What is the following risk factors of ppl with persistent disease versus single depressive episode
sleep problems
476
Plasticity in mammalian brain necessary for learning and memory is best accounted for which of the structural changes
Synaptic connectivity
477
DNA methylation regulatory enzyme and proteins have recently been described in which intracellular features
mitochondria
478
Wad antiepileptic is mostly free of any significant interaction with other antiepileptic
levetiracetam
479
PHQ=9 is a validated tool to assess the severity of which following disorder
Major depressive
480
When circadian sleep rhythms is generally established in the child, to be as the same as adults
6 months
481
What will delay first sexual intercourse until after age 18
anxiety
482
Wad PD in relatives can inc schizophrenia
schizotypal, NOT PARANOID
483
MCI usually have wad neuropsych symptoms
depressive symptoms
484
Which hypothalamic nuclei is key to integration of neural and nutrient signals with hormonal signals from small intestine pancreases, liver, adipose tissue and brain stem
arcuate nuclei
485
What are the three things in terms of dates for premenstrual dysphoric disorder
present for the most time during the last week of luteal phase, remit withnin a few days after the onset of follicular phase and were absent in the week of post menses
486
Glucocorticoid receptor is which of type
nuclear type
487
When theory of the mind develop
4 year old
488
Genders identity establish by what age
3 year old
489
Most important protective factor in building resilience in children
quality of parenting
490
Wad is a potent neuroprotective factor preventing neuronal cell death
pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide
491
Estrogen has was modulatory effects on neuroinflammation
dec inflammatory cytokine production
492
Genetic copy number variation in individuals with severe neurodevelopmental disorder display what difference when compared to controls
Inc in burden of CNVs
493
Which following demographic groups has the highest prevalence of depression
Previously married
494
Wad best account high prevalence of disease, despite the fact that they are associated its marked reduction in fertility?
De novo mutation
495
% of medical student report having suicidal thoughts
10%
496
Which of the neurotransmitter effects wen dysfunctional, has been shown most comprehensively replicate the core symptoms of schizophrenia
glutamate
497
Which of the following MRI technique is most likely t reveal abnormalities of ischemic stroke earliest
Diffusion weighted MRI
498
what must be established in medical malpractice case for plaintiff to prevail
breach of duty causing harm
499
Valproate has epigenetic properties due to effects of
histone deacetylase
500
When does the person have mdd when have parental loss due to external cause
early childhood
501
Absent gross negligence, dereliction of duty in a malpractice is typically established by...
Testimony of exert witnesses
502
stria terminalis does what and where is it connected
defensive responding during uncertain threat anticipation whereas the amygdala may drive responding upon more acute danger.
Connected to amygdala to septal area and hypothalamus
503
When children started to have a best friend
elementary school-age
504
Histaminergic neurons that regulate sleeps originate in
tuberomammillary nuclei
505
What is the most common cardiac abnormalities in myotonic dystrophy
arrhythmias, conduction disturbance
506
Cortical synapse remodeling is believe it be associated with wad biological changes
preferential loss of excitatory synapse
507
In individual with persistent pain, what neurotransmitter receptor is downregulated in the ventral striatum
dopamine
508
Wad peptide is released in the GI system to convey satiety information in response to food intake
wad shows starvation information
cholecystokinin
| ghrelin
509
ampa receptor is stimulated by presence of
glutamate
510
wad neurotransmitter system facilitates sexual arousal
dopaminergic
511
In utero cannabis during neuronal development can cause wad
cognitive defects, low birth weight
512
```
in older adults what happen to this:
body fat
total body water
hepatic blood flow
colon transit time
```
body fat inc
total body water dec
hepatic blood flow dec
colon transit time inc
513
minimal degree of legal certainty that is constitutionally required for an involuntary mental health commitment is
clear and convincing evidence
514
wad is the role of cisregulatory elements in gene expression
mediators of transcriptional activities
515
Aggressive behavior in pt with Alzheimer disease is most often associated with which of the following
concurrent psychosis
516
wad illness target aquaporin 4 and wad symptoms
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
| acute inflammation of the optic nerve (optic neuritis, ON), visual loss, and the spinal cord (myelitis)
517
inflammatory cytokines mediates depression through which if the neuphysiological changes
inc expression of serotonin reuptake transporters
518
validity is defined as
the instrument actually measures what it purports to measure
519
what is considered a risk factor for suicide attempt in transitional aged youth with schizophrenia
higher level of education
520
who coin he term schizo mother
fried fromm reichman
521
wad is closely associated with dec dropout rate in outpatient psychotherapy
greater therapy experience
522
initial learning phase of a skilled motor sequence requires the recruitment of wad system
corticostriatal and cortico cerebellar
523
wad neurochemincal abnormalities has been described in pt with dec disorders
reduced circulating levels of gaba
524
wad adverse effect of maintenance treatment with methadone for opioid dependence
hypogonadism
525
wad antipsychotic meds for dementia related behavior disturbance is associated with inc risk of
death and stroke
526
bell and pass is wad type of conditioning
classical conditioning
527
wad factor is most important in contributing to aspects of successful aging
cognitive preservation
528
what is the predominant site of endocannaboid receptor CB1
presynatic membrane
529
which genetic test provides the most efficient method of sequencing all protein coding regions
whole exome sequencing
530
which is the following in containing in sleep promoting neurons of ventrolateral preoptic nucleus
GABA
531
ability of presch children to regulate their emotions is strongly enhanced by the development of
language
532
wad are the three epigenetic mechanisms
1) DNA methylation
w) Histone modification
3) Expression regulation by mirco RNA
533
social phobia, avoidance is regulated by connection between
amygdala and periaqueductal gray area of brainstem
534
how does OCP and lamotrigine interact
Oral contraceptive containing estrogen dec serum level of lamotrigine
535
which hormones is required to initiate the adolescent growth spurt
gonadal hormones and growth hormones
536
What is the most common comorbidity in a pt with na anxiety disorder
another anxiety disorder
537
In gastric by pass surgery wad usually is missing (name two)
thiamine and copper
538
Ornithine transcarbamyase sequencing is wad
the most common inherited urea cycle disorder, is transmitted as an X-linked trait
539
wad is the differences wit empathy from identification
,retaining objectivity in the relationship
540
Wad neurophysiological test examine both executive and visuospatial functioning
clock drawing test
541
How to calculate cumulative incidence
Cumulative incidence is calculated as the number of new events or cases of disease divided by the total number of individuals in the population at risk for a specific time interval.
542
Wad risk factor is the most strongly associated with prolonged or complicated bereavement
male gender
543
Personalised dosing according to CYP genotype is best established for
Tricyclic antidepressant
544
Wad physical health condition ahs highest risk of suicide
Brain injury
545
Slow wave sleep enhances the secretion of wad hormones
growth hormone
546
Wad is teh most sensitive scan tool for MS
MRI
547
wad focuses on providing psychoeducation, validating patent's emotional validity and encouraging change
Dialectical behavior
548
When does one has a widening concern for larger social system and differentiation of one's own social, political and historical system
young adulthood to middle adulthood
549
Wad antipsychotic is absorbed primarily through oral mucosae
asenapine
550
Wad is the rate limiting enzyme in synthesis of norepinephrine
tyrosine hydroxylase
551
Which cortical region is the key component of salience network
ant cingulate cortex
552
Wad is the advantage of family based genetic association study over case control association
less affected by systemic population differences
553
Which develop first in the first two years?
| The motor or teh sensory
the motor develops first
554
working memory is most associated win which frontal lobe
Dorsolateral prefrontal
555
IF SSRI does not work in OCD< wad is the best evidence next for augmentation?
Aripiprazole
556
Neural tube is formed from which
Ectoderm
557
The neurogenic hypothesis of depression postulates that antidepressant efficacy depends on neurogensis of which areas
hippocampus
558
Wad is a risk factor of rapid cycling bipolar disorder
female, hypothyroidism or menstrual cycle irregularities
559
When is the optimal time to conduct amniocentesis analysis of genetic disorder
20 weeks
560
wad forms of competency requires the highest legal threshold
making financial decisions
561
Wad is the foundational factor that leads to successful abstinence for individuals participating in AA
Recognizing they are n alcoholic
562
in CATIE AD, antipsychotic medication used for behavioral disturbance will have wad effects on majority participants
reduced suspiciousness
563
the 4 process in motivational interviewing are
engaging, focusing, planning and evoking
564
Wad memory is most dependent on medical temporal lobe
declarative
565
wad psychotherapy focuses patient on buildings self esteem and a cohesive sense of self as well as improving interpersonal relationship in individuals with more severe psychopathology
supportive
566
Corticosteroids can cause wad on hippocampus
Dec AMPA glutamate receptor signaling
567
wad is the most associated increase in risk of developing Alzheimer disease with mild cognitive impairment
High BP
568
Low birth weight is most strongly predictive if wad condition
ADHD
569
What cation blocks NMDA receptors at resting membrane potential
Magnesium
570
Most common cause of
paraparetic
Circumduction
Scissor
paraperetic: Damage to the descending corticospinal tract (eg, by a tumour), spinal cord lesions and bilateral cerebral hemisphere abnormalities.
Circumduction: stroke
Scissor: Cerebral palsy
571
Wad scan best demonstrate TBI
DTI
572
wad area of hypothalamus have been reported to play a central role in maternal behavior of mothers towards infant
Paraventricular
573
Wad hormone suppresses amygdala during emotionally charged situations
oxytocin
574
Energy homeostasis is regulated by leptin receptors in which brain regions
hypothalamus
575
in biofeedback, relaxation state coincides with measured dec of
skin conductance
| if inc, sweat gland will inc
576
Wad meds is best evidence for monotherapy for bipolar depression (3)`
Quetiapine, lurasidone, olan+ fluoxetine combi
577
wad metabolite of which hormone is a potent allosteric modulator of wad neurotransmitter and been implicated in depression
Progesterone's, GABA-A
578
Wad does n hexane damages
Peripheral nerve
579
Wad does toluene damages
Cerebellar and cerebral myelin
580
Name 4 reasons of adolescent chorea
Sydenham chorea
Lupus
Pregnancy
Oral contraception
581
Wad test can check for dominant side of the hemisphere
| Name 2
F mri and WADA test
582
Heroin, named the effects of it
On the
Eyes
Miosis
583
Wad scan is the most sensitive for stroke
MRI with dwi
584
What connects the hippocampus and the hypothalamus
Fornix
585
Name 6 syndromes that cause Autism
| Which one is the most common
Fragile x, angel man, Rhett, neurofibromatosis type 1, tuberous sclerosis, landau kleffner
Fragile x
586
Which drug will cause seizure during intoxication
Cocaine
PCP n amphetamine to come extend but rarer
587
Which drug abuse causes stroke
Cocaine
588
```
What nerves (peripheral or central) does these drugs cause damage to
N hexane
Vincristine
Nitrous oxide
Cinguatoxin
```
N hexane peripheral
Vincristine peripheral
Nitrous oxide central
Cinguatoxin peripheral
589
Wads the perpez circuit
| 4 things with 4 connection
Hippocampus (fornix) mammillary bodies (mammillothalamic tract) thalamus (internal capsule) cingulate gyrus (Cingulum) hippocampus
590
Orexin inhibits wad
REM sleep
591
Name two things tat are most vulnerable to Chronic alcoholism
Cerebellar vermis
| Mammillary bodies
592
Spirochete more common infections are
Syphilis and Lyme disease (borrelia burgodorferi)
593
Fastidious cuneatus is wad
It transmits position sense from upper extremities
594
Horner syndrome
Wad are the symptoms
And wad it can appear at
Wad pathways it interrupts
Miosis, prosit and anhydrosis
Pan coast tumors, cervical syringomyelia, cluster headache, lateral medullary syndrome, dissection of carotid artery
Sympathetic pathways
595
What is the treatment of choice for
Cytomegalovirus
Toxoplasmosis
Cyto : ganciclovir
| Toxmo: pyrimethamine(daraprim)
596
Cranial nerve at the pons
5,6,7,8
597
Where locus cereleus is at
Pons
598
Carbamazepine is structurally similar to wad meds
Imipramine
599
Which two neurotransmitter project from the brain stem to the spinal cord
Serotonin, norepinephrine
600
Huntington affects which neurotransmitter
GABA
601
Wad substance will bind to cerebral amyloid to assist in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease
Pittsburgh compound b
602
Wad is the pattern of anal and urinary bladder sphincters
The internal splinter is inner gated by autonomic nervous System, the external sphincter is innervated by the peripheral nervous system
603
Which two are most likely damaged by a coup contrecoup blow
Frontal and temporal lobe
604
Lateral geniculate body lesion will cause what
Contra lateral homonymous hemianopia
605
How does tetanus kill ppl
| How about cyanide
Blocks release of glycine and GABA
Cyanide : poison respiratory energy pathway
606
Using tryptophan containing products to sleep will cause wad
Eosinophils myalgia
607
Wad is cowdry body
Intranuclear inclusions characteristics of SSPE
608
Wad does SSRI do with REM Sleep
Dec rem sleep
609
Sciatic nerve injury leads to wad weakness
Ankle Doris flex ion and plantar flexion
610
Which structure is immediately superior to hypothalamus
Third ventricle
611
Wad are the most powerful risk factor for hiv associated dementia
Anemia and weight loss
| Cd 4 <200
612
Wad are cortical dementia examples
| Named 2
Alzheimer’s
| Front temporal lobar degeneration
613
Cherry red spot near each macula + seizure + mental retardation is wad
Tay sac disease deficiency in hexosaminidase A
| Autosomal recessive
614
Alexia without a graphics which lesion
Wad visual disturbance it will cause?
Left splenium of corpus callosum
| Right homonymous hemianopia
615
Corpus striatum consist of wAd
Caudate + putamen
616
Lenticular consist of wad
Caudate and globes pallidus
617
Which cytochrome p450 enzyme is predominantly present at birth
3a7
618
What is the most common pathological findings in epilepsy
Hippocampus sclerosis
619
What poisoning cause garlic breathe odor
Selenium poisoning
620
How does trazodone cause activation of the CNS
Metabolite activity as well as inhibition of serotonin reputable in presynaptic receptors
621
Narcissistic personality disorder
| Which psychotherapy to use
Psychoanalysis and group therapy
622
Name 5 drugs that cause depression
Alprazolam, clinicians, reserpine, oral contraceptives, Amantadine, guanethidine, hydralazine
623
Wad is the mechanism of action of levodopa
Convert dopamine in cns and peripheral
624
Wad risk factor for suicide in schizophrenia tat is different
Name at least 3
High social economic status, young age, early onset , greater illness insight
625
Methyl alcohol likely cause which part of the brain for his hemorrhage
Putamen
626
What gene is associated with developing psychosis after using cannabis
Akt1
627
Anticholinergic effect is due to which neurotransmitter
Muscarinic
628
Name two fda approved reasons for vagus nerve stimulation
Treatment resistant depression and refractory epilepsy
629
Wad is the mechanism of ethosuximide
Reduced low threshold t type calcium currents
630
What are the bio markers of Lew body dementia
Either reduced dopamine transporter uptake in the basal ganglia in SPECT or PET.
Low 123iodine MIBG update on myocardial scintigrapgy
Polysomnogram Demonstrating REM sleep without Antonia
631
Pmdd wad is the diagnostic criteria
5 out of 11 specific symptoms in the final week before onset of menses Criteria b consist of Marked affected lability
Marked irritability
Marked depressed mood
Marked anxiety
7 in criterion c
632
Name three physiological disturbance that may explain symptoms of panic
Elevated catecholamine in CNS
HYPOCAPNIA
decreased lactate metabolism
633
Primary progressive aphasia is a subtype off
Frontal temporal dementia
634
Persistent complex bereavement criteria time line for
Children
Adults
Wad are the three main one
Get one of the three
Children more than 6 months
Adults more than 12 months
Persistent yearning
Preoccupation with deceased or circumstance of their death
Extreme sorrow
635
Mechanism of mirtazapine
Presynaptic alpha 2 adrenergic receptor antagonist
Also inc serotonin at 5ht 1a receptors
It blocks 5ht 2a hence lesser sexual side effect
636
Which part of the brain is responsible for smell
| 3 things
Frontal , Limbic, temporal
637
How does cannabis caused addiction
Release dopamine in Mesolimbic system
638
Here and now technique is used in which family therapy
Which focus on blueprint of a healthy family defined system
What focused on change occurring during changed belief
Experiential
Structural (blue print)
Systemic approach
639
Wad can be shown in pet scan on epilepsy
Reduced uptake of glucose on affected side
640
% of people with chronic alcohol use disorder having parents with chronic alcohol use disorder
30%
641
Venlafaxine one can cause false positive in
PCP
642
Wad is the most significant prognosis factor for malignant supratentorial, astrocytic glioma.
Necrosis
643
Wad is the percentage of ppl with learning disorder being male
60-80%
644
Prion protein is usually carried on which chromosome
The short arm of 20
645
Mechanism of baclofen
Pregabalin
Acamprosate
GABA b agonist
Calcium channel antagonist
Acamprosate: antagonized glutaminergic function via NMDA receptors
646
Wad chromosome is associated with narcolepsy
6
647
what chromosome for AD is for late onset
| wad are early onset
late: 19 (EPO E)
Early: 1 (Prenesellin 1), 14 (pre 2), 21 (APP amyloid)
648
prevalence of LD
1-3%
649
What is the % of catatonia in psychosis cases in hospital
7-17%
650
teratogenicity of valproate usually happen when
3-6 weeks
651
% of bereave people having depression
20%
652
Most common cause of temporal lode epilepsy
mesial temporal sclerosis and hippocampal sclerosis and temporal atrophy
653
reactive attachment disorder, symptoms has to be how old
need to be before 5 years old
| no need durations of the illness
654
standard of proof
in civil case
in criminal case
civil: clear and convincing evidence
criminal: guilty beyond reasonable of a doubt
655
Wad is te FDA approval for duloxetine for pain (name 2-3)
chronic musculoskeletal pain
diabetic nephropathy
fibromyalgia
656
If QTC prolongation , TCA overdose, cardiac toxicity happen within 2 hours wad should we do
charcoal via NGT/oral
| If >2 hours IV sodium bicarbonate
657
partial seizure have ?% normal eeg
40%
658
ziprasidone has less wad side effect (name 4)
hypotension, tardive dyskinesia, weight gain, increased appetite
it can cause qtc prolongation
659
what tumors can cause akinetic mutism
tumors at the upper brainstem
660
which TCU are contraindicated in breast feeding
doxepin (can cause sedation, hypotonia, respiratory depression)
661
selegeline patch is good because
bypass gastric tract, no need diet restrictions
662
Methyl alcohol usually damage where
putamen
663
sleep schedule (nap time for narcolepsy)
20 mins 2x a day
664
MAOI affect what neurotransmitters
serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine
665
How does clonidine works
binds presynaptic alpha-2 autoreceptors, decreases locus coeruleus cell firing, and reduce noradrenergic release
666
Wad is made with morning glory seed
LSD (also ergot alkaloids and rye fungus )
667
varenicline how does it work
alpha 4 beta 2 partial agonist of the nicotinic receptors
668
Time of symptoms to reach a diagnosis:
| phobia
6 months
669
4 mechanism of buspirone
buspirone
5ht1a: partial agonist at postsynaptic, full agonist at presynaptic
mild dopamine antagonist at d2, d3,d4 receptor
partial alpha 1 receptor agonist
670
what is the barbiturate of choice for anesthesia
sodium thiopenthol
671
adrenoleukodystrophy symptoms:
usually when
what test use to check it
behavioral change and intellectual deterioration in early school years
loos of vision, deafness, dysphagia
progressive central demyelination and adrenal cortical insufficiency
coma, seizure
4-10 years old
test:
a blood test is performed to measure the levels of VLCFA.
MRI to see demyelination
672
% of people with PD have depression
40-50%
673
Chronic meningitis is defined as how long
4weeks
674
Chromosome and wad gene cause wilson's disease
chromosome 13, atp7B
675
Clozapine mechanism
dopamine (D1,2,3), serotonin 5ht2A and alpha receptor antagonist
low potency for d2
676
Friedreich ataxia start when
symptoms
How its inherited
Friedreich ataxia symptoms:
usually happen 5-15 years old
ataxia, motor weakness, scoliosis, dysarthria, high arches, pes cavus, diabetes (20%), muscle wasting, nystagmus, cardiac involvement
usually wheel chair bound by 15 years old
GAA trinucleotide repeat, auto recessive
677
what to do for these lithium symptoms
edema
tremors
polydipsia/polyuria
for nausea
edema: give spironolactone (25mg a day)
tremors: propranolol, or primidone (25-100mg/day)
polydipsia/polyuria: give amiloride or hydrochlorothiazide, to cut half the lithium
for nausea: use sustained release formulation
678
which brain region does leptin work as
hypothalamus
679
Which hypothalamus area is good for maternal behavior
preoptic
680
Which cranial nerve is for gag reflex and palate elevation
vagus nerve
681
which forms the neural tube
ectoderm
682
which part of brain responsible for remember a number to make a phone call
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
683
Which part of prain evaluates painful stimuli
lateral orbito frontal cortex
684
here oresin is made
hypothalamus
685
which dopaminergic pathway is charge of addiction
| and is implicated in tasks related to cognitive processing
addiction: mesolimbic
| cognitive processing: mesocortical
686
normal romberg with eyes open but loses balance when eyes is close is wad
cerebellar vermis
687
unconsciousness may be induced by a small area of damage where
reticulate formation
688
Akinetic mutism can result in bilateral infarction of
anterior cingulate gyrus
689
syndrome characterized by fluent speech, preserved comprehension, inability to repeat, without associated signs, where is the lesions
supramarginal gyrus and insula
690
Area for dbs for Parkinson's
subthalamic nucleus
691
pathological laughter is caused by lesions affecting a system connecting three things which are
frontal cortex, pons and cerebellum
692
card sorting test activated which part of the frontal lobes
dorso lateral
693
which neurotransmitter is the last t mature in CNS of children
cholinergic
694
metabolic of what modulates GABA-A as seen in depression
progesterone
695
predominate site of endocannaboid receptor
presynaptic membrane
696
what neurotransmitters promotes sexual arousal
dopamine
697
what neurotransmitter has been associated with anxiety
norepinephrine
698
which neurotransmitter maintain consistent level with age
serotonin
699
the cognitive enhancement associated with experimental D cyclosporine treatment in pt's with schizophrenia has been attributes to enhancement of NMDA receptor activity of which neurotransmitter
glycine
700
what is the 5ht receptor classification
ligand gated
701
which neurotransmitter present in periaqueductal gray matter is involved in mediation of pain
endorphins
702
Delayed neurological deterioration following carbon monoxide induced coma is most likely manifested by
parkinsonism
703
what WBC comes out usually when its TB
monocytes
704
Criteria for declaration of brain death
apnea test
705
What is a life threatening complication of cerebellar hemorrhage
acute hydrocephalus
706
most common form of hypertensive intracranial hemorrhage
left putaminal hemorrhage
707
Gait for stroke usually is
circumduction
708
Abnormal elevated metabolic findings associated with in creased risk of stroke for pt under 50
plasma homocysteine
709
As opposed to stroke caused by arterial embolism or thrombosis, those caused by cerebral vein or venous sinus thrombosis are
associated with seizure at onset
710
subcortical dementia is suggested by which of the following in regards in patient with early stage cognitive impairment
preserved calculation skills
711
What test best differentiate AD from frontotempora; demenia
SPECT scan
712
Pt with vascular dementia typically have neuropathological changes associated with
basal ganglia
713
PET scan shows bitemporoparietal hypoperfusion in early stage of which dementia
AD
714
what is the characteristic of post lumbar puncture headache
worse with sitting upright
715
The presence of headache, hemiparesis, symptoms of raised intracranial pressure and focal epilepsy in a relatively young patient is indicative of
with elevated d dimer
sagittal sinus thrombosis
716
What drug usually cause amnesia
alcohol
717
A conscious memory that covers for another memory that is too painful to hold in the consciousness is
screen memory
718
Which test is most useful in early diagnosis of AD
10-item WORD list learning task
719
age that corticospinal tract complete myelination
3 years old
720
ALS wad are the hallmarks
weakness, fasciculation and brisk reflex
721
exam finding suggest L5 radiculopathy in pt with back pain and foot drop
weakness of ankle inversion
722
name 5 reflex that are frontal release reflex
snout, rooting, palmomental, grasp, suck
723
what are the hallmarks of reflex for psaudobulbar palsy
hyperactive jaw jerk and gag reflex
724
what wll result in cilary ganglion damage
mydriasis and hypersensitivity to miotic agents (dmg parasympathetic)
725
Duchenne method of transmission
x linked
726
hyperkalemic periodic paralysis is characterized y wad molecular deficits
sodium channel inactivation
727
meralgia paresthetica usually affects wad
anterolateral thigh
728
which antibiotics can cause or precipitate acute myasthenia
ciprofloxacin
729
conduction block in NCS indicates what
focal demyelination
730
the target site for DBS for essential tremor is
ventral intermediate thalamus
731
wad does transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is for
peripheral neuralgia
732
Horner's syndrome is associated with lesion in where
superior cervical ganglion (sympathetic)
733
first line for tics
alphas 2 adrenergic agonist
734
which drugs in parkinsonism has been associated with sudden sleep attacks
ropinirole
735
relationship between lamotrigine and oral contraceptive
lamo can be decrease
736
common side effects of rivastigmine
bradycardia
737
wad conditions happen in increased frequency in pt with HIV on long term HAART
hepatotoxicity
738
topiramate affect which neurotransmitter receptor
GABA-A
739
which medication for insomnia is most likely cause amnestic cognitive impairment
temazepam
740
what does functional MRI measure
detects blood flow
741
which MRI techniques is most likely reveal early signs of ischemic stroke
diffused weights MRI
742
post cardiac arrest comatose patients eeg usually shows what
burst suppression pattern
743
EEG biofeedback is efficacious for what disroder
GAD
744
antiepileptic for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
valproate
745
which sleep stage is most important in restoring altered functions that results frim prolonged sleep deprivation
stage 4
746
which findings on multiple sleep latency test confirms diagnosis of narcolepsy
decreased rem latency
747
enuresis is a REM or non REM sleep problems
NON REM
748
treatment of hungtinton chorea
haloperidol
749
multifocal myoclonus in a comatose patient indicates
metabolic encephalopathy
750
earliest symptoms of tourettes
eye blinking n head jerking
751
most significant risk of tardive dyskinesia
advanced age (others: female, presence of mood disorder)
752
good antidepressant for ADHD
bupropion
753
most common comorbidity in pt with anxiety disorder is
another anxiety disorder
754
when compared to younger adults, anxiety disorder in adults over 65 have
less comorbid alcohol abuse
755
what predicts bipolarity in adolescents with depression
psychotic symptoms
756
what meds can you add to lithium for tx resistant bipolar depression and is least likely to induce rapid cycling/mixed state
bupropion
757
what is treatment of choice for bipolar with rapid cycling
valproate
758
what is the following subjective effects is the basis of the appeal of MDMA
connectedness to others
759
what drug of abuse that does not depend on specific neuronal membrance binding sites
alcohol
760
what substance is only detected in urine for 7-12 hours after ingestion
how about 1-2 days
alcohol
amphetamines
761
what is the most effective initial treatment for pt with PCP intoxication
urine acidification
give ammonium chloride
halo /benzo
762
what substance is a common cause of f;ashback
cannabis
763
what symptoms of nicotine withdrawal may persist in patient for up to 6 months
increased appetite
764
what is speedball
| what is candy flipping
speedball: heroin and cocaine
| candy flipping: LSD and MDMA
765
what phenomena is most typical of hallucinogen
illusions
766
reducing the intensity of an addicts reaction to environmental reminders of the drug use us the goal of wad intervention
cue exposure treatment
767
what is the molecular mechanism of ethanol causes intoxication
NDMA antagonism, GABA agonism
768
patterns of drinking in women alcoholics compared to men
compared to men, woman also who abuse alcohol also more likey to have
solitary drinking
axis 1 diagnosis
769
types of alcoholics
| Cloninger's
Type I alcoholics (late onset) want to avoid harm and seek social rewards; countered by low novelty. Type II alcoholics have the opposite qualities; they are considered high novelty with low levels of harm avoidance and reward-seeking behavior.
770
Most serious effect of disulfiram when on alcohol
hypotension
771
what drug is used to start autonomic symptoms associated with heroin withdrawal
clonidine
772
adverse effect of methadone maintenance treatment for opioid dependence
hypogonadism
773
what is the benefit of buprenorphine compared to methadone taper in detox from opiate depedance
less risk of respiratory suppression
774
factor most predictive of effective methadone TX
total daily dose
775
which of the following produces the best outcome in terms of drug consumptions and criminal behavior for heroin dependent
maintenance of methadone
776
a substance of abuse with powerful reinforce effect
cocaine
777
what drugs u can see talc granulomas
ccurs in intravenous drug addicts who also inject tablets intended for oral use
eg: Six different medications have been reported to be associated with talc granulomas in addicts: methylphenidate (Ritalin), methadone, tripelennamine (Pyribenzamine), propoxyphene (Darvon), phenmetrazine (Preludin), and amphetamines;
778
what cognitive function will be better in 80 years ld after treatment of depressant
information processing speed
779
complication of anorexia nervosa least likely to resolve after restoring weight is
osteoporosis
780
risk factor for developing bulimia
sexual abuse
781
wad ecg shows in pt with purging
t wave flattening and u wave
782
wad is aquaporin 4 antibody indicates
Neuromyelitis optica , possibly a subtype of MS
783
metachromatic leukodystrophy associated with what enzyme deficiency
arylsulfatase
784
function of cisregulatory elements in gene expression
mediators of transcriptional activity
785
wad is most commonly seen in pt with narcolepsy
HLA-DR2
786
genetic linkage studies investigate what in medico psychiatric research
co segregation of genes during meiosis
787
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) used in genetic linkage studies involves
amplification of microsatellite markers
788
What is commonly associated with conversion d/o?
Low intelligence
789
The first-line treatment for retentive encopresis:
Biofeedback
790
Most common time for pt w/ schizophrenia to attempt suicide is during
Recovery phase of the illness
791
Which of the following is the leading cause of child maltreatment fatalities?
Head injuries
792
What symptom commonly develops relatively late in children with PTSD?
SENSE OF FORESHORTENED FUTURE
793
What symptom is more likely to occur in acute stress d/o than in PTSD?
REDUCTION IN AWARENESS OF SURROUNDINGS
794
What eeg read Correlates to a positive response to ECT?
Increase etc induced frontal delta activity
795
ECT is least likely to be effective for patients who have?
Chronic schizophrenia
796
Iq score usually stabilized at
7 years old
797
What would be a useful screening test to evaluate an 8 y/o child’s academic performance?
Wide range achievement test
798
Thematic apperception test is used for
INTERFERING MOTIVATIONAL ASPECTS OF BEHAVIOR
799
What drug has a curvilinear therapeutic window?
Nortriptyline
800
What drug is useful in the Rx of urinary retention secondary to TCA therapy
Bethanecol
801
Serotonergic antidepressants are appropriate treatment for depression in 54 y/o pt with recent coronary artery bypass graft surgery because they:
Inhibit platelet functioning
802
First pass effect refers to which of the following aspects of a med’s metabolism?
Presystemic elimination
803
What can cause seizure in an overdose
Clomipramine
804
Antidepressant that cause Parkinson’s syndrome
Amoxapine
805
Most frequent side effect of Maoi
Hypotension
806
Which tricyclics antidepressant has the most potent antihistamine effects
Doxepin
807
What is a sleep disturbance likely to occur after initiating a trial of an SSRI?
Bruxism
808
Which antidepressant is safest in seizure disorders and depression?
Fluoxetine
809
what is the most common complication of homocysteine deficiency
stroke
810
what can cause moderate to severe renal impairment
paliperidone
811
which receptor of antipsychotic drug cause orthostatic hypotension
adrenergic 1 blockage
| also tachycardia
812
antipsychotic associated with development of cataract
quetiapine
813
therapeutic effect of 2nd generation antipsychotic on negative symptoms of schizophrenia is thought to be related to induction of expression of what area of the brain
prefrontal cortex
814
pt over 65 are less likely to tolerate higher dose of antipsychotic due to
dec hepatic metabolism
815
which benzo accumulates with repeated administration should be avoided in chronic renal failure and most likely accumulate with repeated dosing
diazepam
816
what benzo has an active metabolite
chlordiazepoxide
817
when to treat paracet overdose
Serum acetaminophen concentration drawn at four hours or more following acute ingestion of an immediate-release preparation is above the "treatment" line of the treatment nomogram for acetaminophen poisoning (figure 1).
●A suspected single ingestion of greater than 150 mg/kg (7.5 g total dose regardless of weight) in a patient for whom the serum acetaminophen concentration will not be available until more than eight hours from the time of the ingestion.
●Patient with an unknown time of ingestion and a serum acetaminophen concentration >10 mcg/mL (66 micromol/L).
●Patient with a history of acetaminophen ingestion and any evidence of liver injury.
818
risk of hepatoxicity will peak in how many hours after acetaminophen overdose
72-96 hours
819
sudden death in children taking which meds
tricyclics
820
diphenhydramine's ability to treat acute dystonia is due to wad action
muscarinic -1
821
buprenorphine's advantage over clonidine in the management of patient with opioid withdrawal, included better control of wad symptoms
cravings
822
what substance 9supplement) is associated with risk of bleeding when taken with antiplatelet or warfarin
ginkgo biloba
823
coinidine mechanism of action
alpha 2 agonist
824
which meds is associated with benign maculopapular rash in 10-15% of pt's within first 3 weeks
carbamazepine
825
most common reason pt discontinue valproate
weight gain
826
wad do give for pt. with lithium induced polyuria
amiloride
827
wad is the most common cardiovascular disturbance for lithium
benign t wave changes
828
therapeutic technique where therapy instructs the patient to hold on a symptoms
paradoxical intervention
829
what kind of pt wt PTSD will have the most favorable prognosis in CBT involving exposure therapy
victim of random violent assaults'
830
which is a target of DBT in older adults that is not otherwise included in standard DBT protocol
emotional constriction
831
Major task of a group therapy during initial engagement phase is
determining limits f emotional safety
832
what type of group therapy is based on unit functioning to maintain its own homeostasis of interacting
family group therapy
833
hypnosis would be contraindicated in the treatment of patient with
paranoia
834
Process by which children modify existing schemas to adapt to new experiences is:
Accommodation
835
When compared with adult-onset schizophrenia, children with schizophrenia have
SIMILAR DEFICITS IN ATTENTION, LEARNING AND ABSTRACTIon
836
Assuming there is no significant difference in 2 random samples of population is
Null hypothesis
837
What is the legal process that asks the court to immediately evaluate if a pt has been hospitalized w/o due process of law?
Writ of habeas corpus
838
Wad drug is unchanged in urine
Gabapentin
839
Which of the following brain imaging technique measures neuronal glucose metabolism
Pet
