Question 2 Flashcards
Zólyomi
HunLat aptitude test and questions for high and low scorers
Shows that aptitude correlates with language learning outcomes
And that high scorers have different learning habits and beliefs. They believe that explicit learning is important.
Al-Daihani et al.
Motivation enhancement : students who identify with the language and culture and will use it for their career are more successful
= Courses should highlight the career and cultural benefits of multilingualism
Alexander
Explicit grammar instruction:
Brief but structured lessons on grammar to build confidence and accuracy
CLT based strategies
Communicative activities: role play, debates, real life simulations to encourage practical language use
Historical language teaching methods 1
Grammar translation method
Emphasized grammatical rules and vocab memorization
Lacks communicative practice
Leads to passive knowledge rather than use
Historical language teaching methods 2
ALM
WWII
Focuses on habit formation through drills and repetitions
Useful for pronunciation and structure
Lacks explicit grammar instructions, limited use for higher education
Based on Skinner’s idea on habit formation, itself based on Pavlovian ideas
Historical language teaching methods 3
CLT
Since the late 20th century gained popularity due to Chomsky’s critic of Skinner’s behavioralism
Chomsky believed in UG and that learners acquire and understand much more than what they have been explicitly taught (like children who produce sentences they have never heard before. Which means that stimulus-response methods like ALM isn’t sufficient)
Emphasis on interaction and real life language use
Helps with motivation bc rooted in real life
Most effective method
Integrated method:
Combines explicit grammar and CLT
Zólyomi shows that the most successful learners use both explicit and implicit methods
