Question 1

Question 1

Describe the zeitgeist for learning theory at the time classical Piagetian theory was developed and most influential. 5 primary perspectives.

Answer 1

Operant Conditioning, Contiguity Theory, Associationism Expectancy-Value Theory, Atkinson-Shiffrin Model

Question 2

What are the 6 general components of operant conditioning? DRGEPSP

Answer 2

Discrimination, Reinforcement, Generalization, Extinction, Punishment, Shaping, Premack Principle

Question 3

What are 5 types of reinforcements?

Answer 3

Positive, Negative, Primary, Secondary, Reinforcement History

Question 4

What are the 2 types of punishments?

Answer 4

Positive, Negative

Question 5

Define Generalization

Answer 5

A response in a S–>R association that gets generalized to other stimuli.

Question 6

Define Discrimination

Answer 6

A response depends on the stimulus; complementary process to generalization

Question 7

Define Extinction

Answer 7

A decline of response strength due to non-reinforcement.

Question 8

Define Shaping

Answer 8

Differential reinforcement of successive approximations to the desired behavior

Question 9

Define the Premack Principle

Answer 9

Sequence matters. Put the least motivating or reward task first followed by more rewarding or motiving tasks

Question 10

Contiguity Theory

Answer 10

Learning occurs through pairing of stimuli and response contiguously close together

Question 11

Expectancy-Value Theory

Answer 11

Behavior depends on one’s expectancy of attaining particular outcome and how much one values that outcome

Question 12

What are the 4 primary components of the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model?

Answer 12

Environmental input, sensory registers, short-term store, long-term store

Question 13

According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model, what are the 3 sensory registers?

Answer 13

Visual, Auditory, Haptic

Question 14

According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model, what are the 6 characteristics of the short-term store

Answer 14

Rapid decay, gateway to long-term memory, rehearsal, coding, organization, retrieval strategies

Question 15

Associationism

Answer 15

Cognition consists of the strengthening and weakening

of stimulus-response associations.

Question 16

Describe the zeitgeist for learning theory at the time article was written.

Answer 16

Social cognitive theory

Question 17

What are the primary components of social cognitive theory?

Answer 17

Outcome expectancy, self-efficacy, self-regulation, modeling, triadic reciprocal learning, intentionality, forethought, enactive learning, vicarious learning

Question 18

Describe the zeitgeist for contemporary theory of learning.

Answer 18

Baddley’s Information processing model

Question 19

What are the 4 primary components of Baddley’s Information Processing Model?

Answer 19

Central executive, visuospatial sketchpad, episodic buffer (limited capacity temporary storage), phonological loop.

Question 20

Discuss at least two current policies, practices, or phenomena in education or learning that supporters of Piagetian theory (or perhaps “Neo-Piagetians”) would highlight as “enduring legacies” of Piaget’s theory in action.

Answer 20

Constructivism (teacher and student), Discovery learning, Problem-based learning, Exploratory learning

Question 21

What does constructivism look like in the classroom?

Answer 21

Active involvement, developmentally appropriate instruction, create incongruity, provide social interaction (dialectical constructivism: knowledge derives from interactions between
persons and their environments), children are not miniature adults (they think qualitatively different)

Question 22

What constructs and/or domains of classical Piagetian theory (e.g., “basic constructivist premises”) was Case referring to regarding learning and education?

Answer 22

Children acquire new systems of cognitive operations (central conceptual structures) that radically alter the form of learning of which they are capable. For example, space, number, and causality. Domains might include Equilibration, Assimilation, Accommodation

Question 23

Equilibration

Answer 23

A drive to produce an optimal state of equilibrium between cognitive structures and the environment.

Question 24

Assimilation

Answer 24

fitting external reality to an existing cognitive structure.

Question 25

Accommodation

Answer 25

changing internal structures to provide consistency with external reality.

Question 26

How do contemporary theories of learning and development treat these constructs/domains?

Answer 26

Case’s theory of cognitive development focuses less structures and more on processing, specifically cognitive strategies help automatize processing which increases both speed, efficiency, and capacity.