Question 1 Flashcards
Describe the zeitgeist for learning theory at the time classical Piagetian theory was developed and most influential. 5 primary perspectives.
Operant Conditioning, Contiguity Theory, Associationism Expectancy-Value Theory, Atkinson-Shiffrin Model
What are the 6 general components of operant conditioning? DRGEPSP
Discrimination, Reinforcement, Generalization, Extinction, Punishment, Shaping, Premack Principle
What are 5 types of reinforcements?
Positive, Negative, Primary, Secondary, Reinforcement History
What are the 2 types of punishments?
Positive, Negative
Define Generalization
A response in a S–>R association that gets generalized to other stimuli.
Define Discrimination
A response depends on the stimulus; complementary process to generalization
Define Extinction
A decline of response strength due to non-reinforcement.
Define Shaping
Differential reinforcement of successive approximations to the desired behavior
Define the Premack Principle
Sequence matters. Put the least motivating or reward task first followed by more rewarding or motiving tasks
Contiguity Theory
Learning occurs through pairing of stimuli and response contiguously close together
Expectancy-Value Theory
Behavior depends on one’s expectancy of attaining particular outcome and how much one values that outcome
What are the 4 primary components of the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model?
Environmental input, sensory registers, short-term store, long-term store
According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model, what are the 3 sensory registers?
Visual, Auditory, Haptic
According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model, what are the 6 characteristics of the short-term store
Rapid decay, gateway to long-term memory, rehearsal, coding, organization, retrieval strategies
Associationism
Cognition consists of the strengthening and weakening
of stimulus-response associations.
Describe the zeitgeist for learning theory at the time article was written.
Social cognitive theory
What are the primary components of social cognitive theory?
Outcome expectancy, self-efficacy, self-regulation, modeling, triadic reciprocal learning, intentionality, forethought, enactive learning, vicarious learning
Describe the zeitgeist for contemporary theory of learning.
Baddley’s Information processing model
What are the 4 primary components of Baddley’s Information Processing Model?
Central executive, visuospatial sketchpad, episodic buffer (limited capacity temporary storage), phonological loop.
Discuss at least two current policies, practices, or phenomena in education or learning that supporters of Piagetian theory (or perhaps “Neo-Piagetians”) would highlight as “enduring legacies” of Piaget’s theory in action.
Constructivism (teacher and student), Discovery learning, Problem-based learning, Exploratory learning
What does constructivism look like in the classroom?
Active involvement, developmentally appropriate instruction, create incongruity, provide social interaction (dialectical constructivism: knowledge derives from interactions between
persons and their environments), children are not miniature adults (they think qualitatively different)
What constructs and/or domains of classical Piagetian theory (e.g., “basic constructivist premises”) was Case referring to regarding learning and education?
Children acquire new systems of cognitive operations (central conceptual structures) that radically alter the form of learning of which they are capable. For example, space, number, and causality. Domains might include Equilibration, Assimilation, Accommodation
Equilibration
A drive to produce an optimal state of equilibrium between cognitive structures and the environment.
Assimilation
fitting external reality to an existing cognitive structure.
Accommodation
changing internal structures to provide consistency with external reality.
How do contemporary theories of learning and development treat these constructs/domains?
Case’s theory of cognitive development focuses less structures and more on processing, specifically cognitive strategies help automatize processing which increases both speed, efficiency, and capacity.
