Questioks Ive Gotten Wrong

Question 1

What can the systemic lupus process cause with the heart?

Answer 1

Valve disease (valvuitis)

Question 2

A AR pressure of greater than____ suggests Mild AR

Answer 2

500msec

Question 3

The Austin flint murmur is associated with which valve?

Answer 3

Aortic

Question 4

_____ Pulse presses are associated with AR

Answer 4

Wide

Question 5

What are pulse pressures?

Answer 5

The difference between the systolic and diastolic

Systolic BP - Diastolic BP = pulse pressure

Question 6

Breathless, palpatIons and fatigue are associated with what type of regurgitation?

Answer 6

Aortic?

Question 7

A long decrescendo diastolic murmur at the left sternal border is associated with?

Answer 7

Aortic Regur

Question 8

A systolic ejection murmur at the left eternal border is associated with?

Answer 8

Aortic regur

Question 9

The most common cause of aortic stenosis in adults over 65 is?

Answer 9

Aortic sclerosis

Question 10

What calculation do you use to calculate the Doppler gradient?

Answer 10

Simplified Bernoulli
P= 4v^2

Question 11

There’s a calcified aortic with an aortic valve velocity of 5.0msec. Please calculate the gradient across the valve.

Answer 11

100mmhg

P= 4V^2
P= 4 (5.0) ^2

Steps:

1. Square the 5.0
2. 4 times 5
3. You get your answer

Question 12

There’s a calcified aortic valve with an aortic valve velocity of 5.0m/sec. Calculate the Doppler velocity.

Answer 12

100mmHg

Steps:
P= 4(5.0)^2

Square the 5. Then multiply 5 by 4. You get 100

Question 13

In a normal non-athlete adult, bradycardia is defined as a heart rate of less then____?

Answer 13

60 bpm

Question 14

A 55 year old male or has a hx of smoking and has hematuria. Echo shows a mass extension from the IVC into the RA. You suspect the primary tumor to be?

Answer 14

Renal Cell Cancer

Question 15

A 24 year old female pt presents to an adult echo with history of a tricuspid atresia repair when she was an infant. What surgery would this be?

Answer 15

Fontan procedure.

Question 16

The Fontan procedure is a procedure to repair?

Answer 16

Tricuspid Atresia

Question 17

With the Fontan procedure the ____ is connected to the _____

Answer 17

IVC is connected to the Pulmonary Artery

Question 18

The most common cause of a murmur post MI is?

Answer 18

Mitral Regur

Question 19

MR is thought to occur due to ventricular wall & papillary muscle rupture dysfunction post ____.

Answer 19

MI

Question 20

In AP2 the basal and mid inferior segments appear dyskinetic. Which blood vessel is most likely to have a hemodynamically significant lesion?

Answer 20

RCA

Question 21

True or false- Hyperactivity is A clinical presentation of MR

Answer 21

False

Question 22

TRUE OR FALSE- Palpitations is a clinical presentation of MR

Answer 22

True

Question 23

In what cardiac cycle does MR leak back into the LA?

Answer 23

Systole

Question 24

What murmur is associated with MR?

Answer 24

Apical holosystolic murmur radiating to the axilla

Question 25

Apical holosystolic murmur radiating to the axilla is associated with what pathology?

Answer 25

MR

Question 26

S3 Gallop is a sound associated with what pathology?

Answer 26

MR

Question 27

A cardiac layer that is contiguous with the epicardial surface of the heart?

Answer 27

Visceral layer

Question 28

A Opening Snap sound implies?

Answer 28

Severe Mitral Stenosis or Tricuspid Valve stenosis

Question 29

The presence of a loculated pericardial effusion may require?

Answer 29

Lab testing of the pericardial fluid

Question 30

The atrial septal bounce seen on echo with constrictive pericarditis occurs with?

Answer 30

Inspiration

Question 31

In patients with HOCM, one could utilize M-mode to evaluate the aortic valve for?

Answer 31

A partial closure of the aortic valve at mid systole

Question 32

Tricuspid Atresia is typically followed by 3 surgeries. Name them in order.

Answer 32

1. Balock-Taussig shunt 2. Bi-directional Glenn 3. Fontan Procedure

Question 33

The Blalock Taussig shunt allows the right _____ artery to communicate with the ____ artery.

Answer 33

Subclavian Pulmonary

Question 34

With the Bi-directional Glenn procedure the _____ is anastomosed to the ____artery.

Answer 34

SVC Pulmonary artery

Question 35

Which surgery is the final stage is repairing tricuspid Atresia ? Balock Taussig shunt, Bidirectional Glenn procedure, Fontan procedure.

Answer 35

Fontan procedure

Question 36

The TV is located more than 1.0 cm inferior to the mitral valve. What pathology is this?

Answer 36

Ebsteins

Question 37

What measurement and TV placement indicates Ebstiens?

Answer 37

If the TV is >1cm inferior to the MV

Question 38

What anomaly is a congenital defect where the TV is inferiorly displaced from the annulus ti the RV.

Answer 38

Ebstiens

Question 39

True or false - Ebstiens is not associated with supraventricular tachycardia

Answer 39

False

Question 40

Clubbing, helatomegaly, and mild to severe cyanosis is associated with?

Answer 40

Ebsteiens

Question 41

Diagnosis of ebsteins is associated with displacement of the ____ tricuspid valve leaflet by ___cm/m BSA

Answer 41

Septal >0.8

Question 42

What syndrome is commonly associated with coarctation of the aorta?

Answer 42

Turner syndrome

Question 43

What heart defect is associated with turner syndrome ?

Answer 43

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 44

Dilation of the aortic root is associated with what syndrome?

Answer 44

Marfans

Question 45

Dissection and AI is associated with that pathology?

Answer 45

Marfans

Question 46

Dissection and AI is associated with that pathology?

Answer 46

Marfans

Question 47

MVP & MR is associated with what syndrome?

Answer 47

Marfans

Question 48

About ___% of kids born with ____ will have congenital defects

Answer 48

90 Edward’s syndrome (trisomy 18)

Question 49

What procedure is performed to correct transposition of the great arteries?

Answer 49

Jatene procedure ( also known as the arterial switch operation?

Question 50

Jatene procedure is also known as?

Answer 50

arterial switch operation

Question 51

The arterial switch operation is also known as?

Answer 51

The Jatene procedure

Question 52

True or false - Dissections are a complication associated with prosthetic valves.

Answer 52

False

Question 53

What is the Alfieri procedure?

Answer 53

A procedure to treat MR in which a double orifice is created

Question 54

A procedure to treat MR in which a double orifice is created is called?

Answer 54

Alfieri procedure

Question 55

True or false- clinical signs of clubbing of the digits is associated with systemic hypertension

Answer 55

False

Question 56

True or false- morning occipital headaches are associated with systemic hypertension

Answer 56

True

Question 57

True or false- blurred vision is associated with systemic hypertension

Answer 57

True

Question 58

What is the normal aortic valve annulus diameter?

Answer 58

21.-2.9cm

Question 59

The peak aortic gradient calculated by echo correlates best with which cath lab measurement?

Answer 59

Peak instantaneous gradient

Question 60

Constrictive physiology can present itself with a mitral valve inflow Doppler that demonstrates an increase in the ____ velocity during expiration greater than ___%.

Answer 60

E, 25%

Question 61

What physiology can present itself with a mitral valve inflow Doppler that demonstrates an increase in the E velocity during expiration greater than 25%

Answer 61

Constrictive physiology

Question 62

Decreased mitral velocity with _____is consistent with ?

Answer 62

Inspiration, Constriction

Question 63

An atrial volume index of 50mL in a female pt is?

Answer 63

Severely abnormal

Question 64

The normal LA volume for a female of is ?

Answer 64

16-35ml/min

Question 65

A LA volume for a female pt of 16-34ml/min is?

Answer 65

Normal

Question 66

The E wave on the Mitral valve m-mode Represents? 1. atrial contraction 2. Ventricular contraction 3. Early diastolic filling 4. IVRT

Answer 66

3.

Question 67

The normal MV annulus diameter is? 1. 1.8-2.4cm 2. 4-6 cm 3. 3-3.5 cm 4. 1.1-1.7 cm

Answer 67

3.