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Gen ana 2 1st prelim > Quest1 > Flashcards

Quest1 Flashcards

1
Q

Is the region of the body that lies between the lower margin of mandible above suprasternal notch and upper border of clavicle below

A

Neck

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2
Q

It is strengthened by the cervical part of vertebral column, which is convex forward and support the skull.

A

Neck

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3
Q

Part of Respiratory system of the neck
(2) answers

A

Larynx and Trachea

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4
Q

Part of Alimentary or Digestive System of the neck (2) answer

A

Pharynx and Esophagus

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5
Q

The natural lines of cleavage of the skin are constant and run almost horizontally around the neck. This is important clinically because-an incision along a cleavage line will heal as narrow scar, where as one that crosses the lines will heal as a wide or heaped up scar

A

Skin of the neck

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6
Q

Is composed of a series of compartments, which are formed by bone and soft tissues

A

Head

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7
Q

5 bones and tissues of the head

A
  • cranial cavity
  • ears
    -orbits
    -nasal cavity
    -oral cavity
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8
Q

Largest compartment that contains the brain

A

Cranial cavity

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9
Q

Associated members of the cranial cavity

A

Meninges

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10
Q

Simply, it composed of roof and floor

A

Cranial cavity

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11
Q

_ contain the eyes

A

Orbits

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12
Q

Cone-shaped chambers immediate inferior to the anterior aspect of the cranial cavity, and the apex of each cone is directed posteromedially

A

Orbits

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13
Q

The walls of this are the bones, whereas the base of each chamber can be ope and closed by the eyelids

A

Orbits

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14
Q

Are upper parts of the respiratory tract and are between the orbits

A

Nasal cavity

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15
Q

Have walls, floor, ceilings, which are predominantly composed of the bone and cartilage

A

Nasal cavity

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16
Q

Anterior openings of the nasal cavities are?

A

Nares (nostrils)

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17
Q

Posterior openings of the nasal cavity is?

A

Choanae (posterior nasal apertures)

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18
Q

Continues with the nasal cavities that are air-fiiled extension

A

Paranasal sinuses

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19
Q

Project laterally, superiorly, and posteriorly into surrounding bones.

A

Paranasal sinuses

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20
Q

The largest, the maxillary sinuses are inferior to the orbits

A

Paranasal sinuses of nasal cavity

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21
Q

Is inferior to the nasal cavities and separated from them by the hard and soft palates

A

Oral cavity

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22
Q

The oral cavity floor is formed by?

A

Soft tissues

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23
Q

Anterior opening of the oral cavity

A

Oral fissure

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24
Q

Posterior opening of the oral cavity

A

Oralpharyngeal isthmus

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25
Q

The 2 transitional areas

A

Infratemporal fossa
Pterygopalatine fossa

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26
Q

2 related surface anatomy of the head

A

Scalp
Face

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27
Q

An area between the posterior aspect (ramus) of the mandible and a flat region of the bone (lateral plate of the pterygoid process) just posterior to the upper jaw (maxilla)

A

Infratemporal fossa

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28
Q

This fossa is bounded by bine and soft tissues is a conduit for water ne of rhe major cranial nerves (mandibular nerve) which passes between the cranial and oral cavities

A

Infratemporal fossa

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29
Q

The trigeminal nerve of mandibular division is also called?

A

V3

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30
Q

Is just posterior to the upper jaw

A

Pteygopalatine fossa

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31
Q

Small fossa that communicates with the cranial cavity, the infratemporal fossa, the orbit, the nasal cavity, and the oral cavity

A

Pterygopalatine fossa

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32
Q

The major structure passing through this this _ fossa is maxillary nerve

A

Pterygopalatine fossa

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33
Q

Nerve of pterygopalatne fossa

A

Maxillary nerve V2

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34
Q

Is the anterior aspect of the head and contains a unique group of muscles that move the skin relatively to underlying bone and control the anterior openings to the orbits and oral cavity

A

Face

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35
Q

Covers the superior, posterior and the lateral regions of the head

A

Scalp

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36
Q

Boundary that Is along the inferior margins of the mandible and the bone features on the posterior aspect of the bone

A

Superior boundary

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37
Q

Is higher that the anterior neck to connect cervical viscera with the posterior openings of the nasal and oral cavity

A

Posterior neck

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38
Q

What boundary of the neck extends from the top of the sternum along the clavicle, and onto the adjacent acromion, bony projection of the scapula

A

Inferior boundary

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39
Q

Contains the cervical vertebrae and associated postural muscle

A

Vertebral compartment

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40
Q

Contains important glands and parts of the respiratory and digestive tracts that pass between the head and the thorax

A

Visceral compartment

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41
Q

One on each side, contain the major or blood vessels and the vagus nerve

A

Vascular compartment

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42
Q

Are enclosed by musculofascial collar

A

4 compartment of the neck

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43
Q

4 Vascular parts of the neck

A

-Common carotid artery
-Internal jugular veins
-Vagus nerve
-Deep lymph nodes

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44
Q

8 Cutaneous Nerves of neck

A

-Greater occipital nerve
-Lesser occipital nerve C2
-Great auricular nerve C2 and C3
-Transverse cutaneous nerve C2 and C3
-Supraclavicular nerves C3 and C4
-Medial supraclavicular nerve
-Intermediate supraclavicular nerve
-Lateral supraclavicular nerve

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45
Q

Is a branch of the posterior ramus of the 2nd cervical nerve. The 1st cervical nerve has no cutaneous branch.

A

Greater occipital nerve

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46
Q

Hooks around the accessory nerve and ascends along the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle to supply the skin over the lateral part of the occipital region and the medial surface of the auricle

A

Lesser occipital nerve

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47
Q

Ascends across the sternocleidomastoid muscle and divides into branches that supply the skin over the angle of the mandible, the parotid gland, and on both surface of the auricle.

A

Greater auricle nerve

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48
Q

Emerges from behind the middle of the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

Transverse cutaneous nerve

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49
Q

Emerge from beneath the posterior border pf the sternocleidomastoid muscle and descend across the side of the neck.

A

Supraclavicular nerve

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50
Q

Crosses the medial end of the clavicle and supplies the skin as far as the median plane

A

Medial supraclavicular nerve

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51
Q

Crosses the middle of the clavicle and supplies the skin of the chest wall

A

Intermediary supraclavicular nerve

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52
Q

Cross the lateral end of the clavicle and supplies the skin over the shoulder and the upper half of the deltoid muscle

A

Lateral supraclavicular nerve

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53
Q

When the sternocleidomastoid miscle contracts, it appears as an oblique band crossing the side of the neck from the sternoclavicular joint to the mastoid process of the skull. It divides the neck into anterand posterior triangles

A

Triangles of the neck

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54
Q

Anterior triangle

A

-submental triangle
-submandibular triangle
-carotid triangle
-muscular triangle

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55
Q

Posterior triangle

A

-occipital triangle
-subclavian triangle

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56
Q

Enclosed laterally by the two sternocleidomastoid muscle; superiorly by the lower border of the mandible and medially by the anterior midline of the neck

A

Anterior triangle pf the neck

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57
Q

Contains larynx , esophagus, and trachea

A

Anterior triangle of the neck

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58
Q

Bordered by the posterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the anterior margin of the trapezius muscle and the intermediate third of the clavicle

A

Posterior triangle of the neck

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59
Q

Viscera of the neck

A

-esophagus
-larynx
-parathyroid glands
-pharynx
-thyroid gland
-trachea

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60
Q

Is bound laterally by the first rib, anterior by the manubrium, and posteriorly by the T1 vertebrae. From anterior to posterior.

A

Rooth of the Neck

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61
Q

6 roots of the neck

A

-clavicle
-subclavian vein
-anterior scalene muscle with phrenic nerve
-subclavian artery
-branchial plexus
-middle scalene muscle

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62
Q

Endocrine gland

A

Thyroid gland

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63
Q

Highly vascular organ

A

Thyroid gland

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64
Q

Surrounded by the pretracheal layer of the deep neck fascia (thyroid sheath)

A

Thyroid Gland

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65
Q

Contains the right lobe, left lobe, and isthmus

A

Thyroid gland

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66
Q

Moves as one with the larynx and the trachea

A

Thyroid gland

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67
Q

Contains thyroid capsule and sheath

A

Thyroid gland

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68
Q

Also called suspensory ligament

A

Berry ligament

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69
Q

Fixes the lobes to the cricoid cartilage

A

Berry ligament

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70
Q

Usually 4 in number

A

Parathyroid gland

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71
Q

Lie within the capsule of the gland in its posterior surface

A

Parathyroid gland

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72
Q

More constant in position, at the level of the middle of the posterior border

A

Two superior of parathyroid

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73
Q

Vary in postion

A

Inferior of parathyroid

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74
Q

Cartilaginous and membranous tube

A

Trachea

75
Q

Starts from the lower border of the cricoid cartilage

A

Trachea

76
Q

Ends by dividing into two main bronchi ( Carina point) at the level of the 4th and 5th thoracic vertebrae

A

Trachea

77
Q

Muscular tube

A

Esophagus

78
Q

25 cm long

A

Esophagus

79
Q

Begins at the level of the cricoid cartilage, C6

A

Esophagus

80
Q

From the pharynx to stomach

A

Esophagus

81
Q

A branch of superior thyroid artery

A

External carotid artery (ECA)

82
Q

Inferior branch of thyroid artery

A

Thyrocervical trunk

83
Q

Arises from the bracheocephalic trunk or aortic arch

A

Thyroid ima artery

84
Q

What vein does the superior thyroid vein and middle thyroid vein goes?

A

Internal jugular vein (IJV)

85
Q

What vein does the bracheocephalic vein goes?

A

Inferior thyroid vein

86
Q

Two main bronchi that divides the trachea at the level of the 4th and 5th thoracic vertebrae is called?

A

Carina point

87
Q

Blood supply of the trachea is?

A

Inferior thyroid arteries

88
Q

Nerve supply of trachea

A

-vagus
-recurrent laryngeal nerve
-sympathetic trunk

89
Q

Blood supply of esophagus

A

Inferior thyroid arteries
Veins

90
Q

Nerve supply of esophagus

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve and sympathetic treatment trunks

91
Q

Is the part of the digestive of alimentary system that situated posterior to the nasal and oral cavities and posterior to the larynx.

A

Pharynx

92
Q

Extends from the base of the skull down the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage of (C6 vertebral level) where it becomes continuous with the esophagus

A

Pharynx

93
Q

Is the common channel for deglutition or swallowing and respiration, and the food and air pathways cross each other in the pharynx

A

Pharynx

94
Q

3 subdivisions of pharynx

A

-Nasopharynx
-Oropharynx
-Laryngopharynx

95
Q

The posterior portion of the nasal cavity with its common function as part of the respiratory system

A

Nasopharynx

96
Q

Extend inferior war from the soft palate to the superior border of epiglottis

A

Oropharynx

97
Q

Extends from superior border of epiglottis to inferior border of cricoid cartilage where it becomes continuous with the esophagus

A

Laryngopharynx

98
Q

2 types of muscle that form the walls of the pharynx

A

-longitudinal
-circular

99
Q

Type of pharynx muscle that are all innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X)

A

Circular muscle

100
Q

3 Circular Muscle

A

-superior pharyngeal constrictor
-middle pharyngeal constrictor
-inferior pharyngeal constrictor

101
Q

Constrictor that found in Oropharynx

A

Superior pharyngeal constrictor

102
Q

Is found in the laryngopharynx

A

Middle pharyngeal constrictor

103
Q

Is found in Laryngopharynx and has two components. The superior component (thyropharyngeus) has oblique fibers that attach to the thyroid cartilage and the inferior component (cricopharyngeus) has horizontal fibers that attach to the cricoid cartilage

A

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor

104
Q

Superior component of inferior pharyngeal constrictor which has oblique fibers that attach to thyroid cartilage

A

Thyropharyngeus

105
Q

Inferior component of inferior pharyngeal constrictor that has horizontal fibers that attach to the cricoid cartilage

A

Cricopharyngeus

106
Q

A pharynx muscle that shorten and widen the pharynx, and elevate the larynx during swallowing

A

Longitudinal muscles

107
Q

3 longitudinal muscles

A

-stylopharyngeus
-palatopharyngeus
-salpingopharyngeus

108
Q

From the styloid process of the temporal bone to the pharynx, innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

A

Stylopharyngeus

109
Q

From the hard palate of the oral cavity to the pharynx, innervated bu the vagus nerve (CN X)

A

Palatopharyngeus

110
Q

From the eustachian tube to the pharynx, innervated by the vagus nerve CN X. In addition to contributing to swallowing, it also opens the eustachian tube to equalize the pressure in the middle ear with the atmosphere

A

Salpingopharyngeus

111
Q

The innervation of the majority of the pharynx is achieved by?

A

Pharyngeal plexus

112
Q

Pharyngeal plexus is comprises of?

A

Braches of GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE (CN IX), VAGUS NERVE (CN X) and sympathetic fibers of the superior cervical ganglion

113
Q

Each of the 3 sections of pharynx have a different innervation

A

Sensory

114
Q

Innervation of Nasopharynx

A

Maxillary nerve ( CN V2)

115
Q

Innervation of the oropharynx

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

116
Q

Innervation of laryngopharynx

A

Vagus nerve (CN X)

117
Q

In the _, the muscle of the pharynx are innervated by the vagus nerve CN X, except for the stylopharyngeus, which is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX

A

Motor

118
Q

Arterial supply is via branches of the _: ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial and maxillary arteries

A

External Carotid Artery

119
Q

Venous drainage is achieved by the _, which drains into the internal jugular vein

A

Pharyngeal venous plexus

120
Q

Is located in the anterior compartment of the neck, suspended from the hyoid bone, and spanning between C3 and C6. It is continuous inferiorly with the trachea, and opens superiorly into the laryngeal part of the pharynx

A

Larynx

121
Q

3 sections of the internal cavity of the larynx

A

-supraglottis
-glottis
-subglottis

122
Q

From the inferior surface of the epiglottis to the vestibular folds (false vocal cords)

A

Supraglottis

123
Q

Contains vocal cords and 1cm below them. The opening between the vocal cord called rima glottidis

A

Glottis

124
Q

From the inferior border of the glottis to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage

A

Subglottis

125
Q

The epithelium of the interior surface of the larynx is?

A

Ciliated columnar epithelium

126
Q

Act to move the larynx superiorly and inferiorly

A

Extrinsic muscles

127
Q

This muscle comprised of the suprahyoid and infrahyoid groups, and th stylopharyngeus

A

Extrinsic muscle

128
Q

The general rule of suprahyoid muscle and stylopharyngeus is to

A

Elevate larynx

129
Q

General rule of the Infrahyoid

A

Depression of the larynx

130
Q

Is the part of the head that extends the superciliary arches anteriorly to the external occipital protuberance and superior nuchal lines posteriorly

A

Scalp

131
Q

Laterally it continues inferiorly to the zygomatic arch

A

Scalp

132
Q

Layers of the scalp

A

-Skin
-Connective tissue
-aponeurotic layer/ aponeurosis
-loose connective tissue
-pericranium

133
Q

This unit sometimes referred to ad the scalp proper and is the tissue torn away during serious injury

A

Scalping

134
Q

Is thick, hair bearing and contains numerous sebaceous glands

A

Skin

135
Q

Is fibrofatty, the fibrous septa uniting the skin to the underlying aponeurosis of the occipitofrontalis muscle. Numerous arteries and veins are found in this layer. The arteries are branches of the external and internal carotid arteries, and a free anastomosis takes place between them.

A

Connective tissue

136
Q

Is a thin, tendinous sheet that unites the occipital and frontal bellies of the occipitofrontalis muscle. The lateral margins of the aponeurosis are attached to the temporal fascia

A

Aponeurosis

137
Q

Occupies the subaponeurotic space and loosely connects the epiceanial aponeurosis to the periosteum of the skull. The areolar tissue contains a few small arteries, but it also contains some important emissary veins. T

A

Loose connective (areolar) tissue

138
Q

Are valveless and connect the superficial veins of the scalp with the diploic veins of the skull bones and with the intracranial venous sinuses

A

Emissary veins

139
Q

Called dangerous laters of scalp-emissary veins open here and carry any infections inside the brains or cause bleeding or black eye

A

Loose connective tissue

140
Q

Which is the periosteum covering the outer surface of the skull bones

A

Pericranium

141
Q

It has frontal belly anteriorly, an occipital belly posteriorly, and aponeurotic tendon (epicranial aponeurosis( connective the two

A

Occipitofrontalis muscle

142
Q

It is the 4 parts of the occipitofrontalis muscle or in the epicranial aponeurosis

A

-frontal belly
-superior temporal line
-occipital belly
-superior nuchal line
-external occipital protuberance

143
Q

Venous drainage pf the scalp

A

External jugular vein

144
Q

Extends superiorly to the hair line, inferiorly to the chin and base of the mandible and on each side to auricle

A

Face

145
Q

Is common for both face and scalp

A

Forehead

146
Q

Lymph nodes of the scalp or drainage

A

-occipital
-mastoid
-parotid
-buccal
-submental
-submandibular
-jugulo-omohyoid
-superficial cervical
-deep cervical

147
Q

Innervation of the scalp of anterior to the ear and the vertex

A

Four divisions of the trigeminal nerve

148
Q

4 Anterior to the ear and the vertex nerve

A

-supratrochlear nerve
-supraorbital nerve
-zygomaticotemporal nerve
-auriculotemporal nerve

149
Q

4 posterior to the ears and the vertex nerve

A

-greater auricular nerve
-lesser occipital nerve
-greater occipital nerve
-third occipital nerve

150
Q

Front part of the head that has the eyes, nose and mouth

A

Face

151
Q

Is rich in sebaceous goand and swear gland

A

Facial skin

152
Q

How many bones are there in our face

A

14 bones

153
Q

What are the 2 single bones of the face

A

-vomer
-mandible

154
Q

What are the 12 paired bones of the face?

A

-2 maxillary
-2 palatine
-2 zygomatic
-2 lacrimal
-2 nasal
-2 inferior nasal conchae

155
Q

Bones of the face are:

A

-vomer
-mandible
-2 maxillary
-2 palatine
-2 zygomatic
-2 lacrimal
-2 nasal
-2 inferior nasal conchae

156
Q

Develop from the 2nd pharyngeal arch and are innervated by the branches of the fascial nerve

A

Muscles of the face

157
Q

Are in the superficial fascia, with origins from either bone or fascia, and insertion into the skin

A

Muscle of the face

158
Q

Controls expression of the face

A

Muscle of the face

159
Q

Acts as sphincters and dilators of the orifices of the face

A

Muscle of the face

160
Q

What are the muscle group of the face

A

-orbital group
-nasal group
-oral group
-other muscle group

161
Q

2 Orbital group muscle

A

-orbicularis oculi
-corrugator suppercilli

162
Q

3 parts of orbicularis oculi

A

-orbital part
-palbebral part
-lacrimal part

163
Q

Originate from the medial part of the medial palpebral ligament and from concentric rings, return to the point of the origin (outer)

A

Orbital part

164
Q

Originate from the lateral part of medial palpebral ligament, insert into the lateral palpebral raphe (inner)

A

Palpebral part

165
Q

Originate from the lacrimal fascia and lacrimal bone insert nto upper and lower tarso (small)

A

Lacrimal part

166
Q

Skin is supplied by _ nerve, except for the small area over the triangle of the mandible and the parotid gland

A

Trigeminal nerve (V)

167
Q

3 major divisions of trigeminal nerve

A

-Opthalmic nerve (V1)
-maxillary nerve (V2)
-Mandibular nerve (V3)

168
Q

Parotid gland is supplied by?

A

Great auricular nerve (C2 and C3)

169
Q

5 facial nerves

A

-temporal
-zygomatic
-buccal
-marginal mandibular
-cervical

170
Q

Maxillary and mandibular nerve are involuntary and excruciating pain in the region of distribution of these nerve

A

Trigeminal neuralgia

171
Q

Whole face paralyzed- in infranuclear lesions of facial nerve

A

Bell’s Palsy

172
Q

How many bones in the skull?

A

22

173
Q

How many bones in the cranial?

A

8

174
Q

How many bones in the facial?

A

14

175
Q

What are the 8 bones of the cranial?

A

-
-frontal bone
-occipital bone
-ethmoid bone
-sphenoid bone
-2 parietal bone
-2 temporal bone

176
Q

Fibrous bundle of tissue that connect the bones of the skull

A

Cranial suture

177
Q

The 3 cranial suture

A

-coronal (frontal) suture
-sagittal suture
-lambdoid suture

178
Q

At birth, fetal skull bones are incomplete and completed by?

A

Fontalles

179
Q

Unossified remnants of fibrous that is a hyaline cartilage membranes between fetal skull bones which allow the brain grow and develop in the womb and infancy that compresses during birth

A

Fontalles

180
Q

4 division or parts of the fontalles

A

-anterior
-posterior
-mastoid
-sphenoid

181
Q

2 process of the development of the fetal skull

A

Intramembranous ossification
Endochondral ossification

182
Q

Occur during fetal development the develop sheets connective tissue and begins around and ossification center which new bone branches outward and develops blood supply

A

Intramembranous ossification

183
Q

Ossification which cartilage of replaced by bone

A

Endochondral ossification

Gen ana 2 1st prelim (1 decks)

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