queen, government and religion 1558-69 Flashcards
queen, government and religion, 1558-69
why was elizabeths gender a problem?
- belief that women were weak
- concerns over who she would marry
why was religion a problem for elizabeth
country split between protestants and catholics. lots of religious turmoil
why was legitimacy a problem for elizabeth
- Believed that Henry 8s marriage to Anne Boleyn was illegitimate as he broke from church
- Henry 8 declared Elizabeth illegitimate after executing anne boleyn
what country was the most serious threat in 1558
france
who would tudor monarchs consult for more money
parliament
what was elizabeths body of advisers called
privy council
how many men were on the privy counsil
19
what was the name of the growing middle class
the gentry
how much debt did elizabeth inherit when she became queen
£300,000
what were elizabeths aims regarding religion
- to heal divisions between protestants and catholics and avoid civil war
- maximize personal power by taking control of church
who was sir francis walsingham
close adviser to elizabeth and spymaster
who was robert dudley
- earl of Leicester
- leading nobleman, advisor and fave of elizabeth
what did elizabeth do in 1559 to solve religious problems
the religious settlement
- aka the middle way
what was the Act of Supremacy 1559
re-established break from rome and independent church of england
name 2 features of act of supremacy 1559
- elizabeth being supreme governer of the curch
- archbishops and bishops kept to please catholics
what was the act of uniformity 1559
an act to make all churches uniform and to follow all the same rules
name 2 features of the act of uniformity 1559
- catholic mass abandoned
- bible in english
- ornaments (crosses and candles) could be on communion table
- Priests in trad. vestments
- clergy allowed to marry
- fines if church is missed
how were the acts of supremacy and uniformity viewed at the time
majority were happy - apart from puritans and extreme catholics
geographically, where was catholicism most popular
north (east and west)
what is a puritan
very protestant - wanted to remove catholisism and simplify church
what was the impact of the religious settlement on the clergy
- 8000 priests took oath of supremecy
- only one bishop took so rest had to be replaced
what was the crucifix controversy
- elizabeth wanted crucifixes
- puritan bishops did not and threatened resignation
- elizabeth eventually gave in
what was the vestment controversy
- elizabeth wanted priests to wear vestements
- puritan priests refused
- elizabeths fired the priests who didnt show up to a vestment exhibition
how did the pope challenge elizabeths religious settlement
he issued a statement in 1566 that catholics shouldnt attend protestant services
what was the impact of the popes challenge on elizabeths religious settlement
virtually none
how much of the nobility were catholic
1/3
why were some catholic nobles unhappy with the religious settlement
elizabeth chose to have protestant advisers which meant they got less power
whats a heretic
people who dont believe in catholic church teachings
whats a recusant
someone who refused to attend church of england services
how did elizabeth decrease the threat of france
signed treaty of troyes in 1564
what did the treaty of troyes do
it was a confirmation from elizabeth that calais belonged to france
why was philip 2 of spain unhappy with elizabeth in 1559
- elizabeth supported protestants in the netherlands
- elizabeths pirates stole gold from spanish ships
- elizabeth refused to marry him
why was MqoS a threat to elizabeth in 1568
- next in line to throne and had a son
- close links with france - mother and 1st husband
- catholic with catholic support
how did elizabeth deal w the treat of mary in 1568
mary kept under house arrest
what did the pope do to excommunicate elizabeth
the papal bull 1970
why is the papal bull 1970 important
english catholics dont have to be loyal to elizabeth
when was the treason act
1571
