Quarter 3 Study Guide Terms

Question 0

Magna Carta

Answer 0

Document that gave political rights to the people and it limited the kings power and is the basis for many official documents today including the US constitution.

Question 1

Crusades

Answer 1

Expeditions in which Medieval Christians sought to control/capture the holy land from the Muslims.

Question 2

Rightly Guided Caliph

Answer 2

The first 4 Caliphs who had known Muhammad and used the Qur’an and Muhammad’s actions as guides to leadership.

Question 3

Sunni

Answer 3

Branch of Islam who acknowledged the first 4 caliphs as the rightful successors to Muhammad.

Question 3

Tithe

Answer 3

A family’s payment of 10% of its income to the church.

Question 5

Abbasid

Answer 5

A dynasty that ruled much of the Muslim empire from 750-1250 and helped expand the empire.

Question 6

Excommunication

Answer 6

The taking away of a persons right of membership to the christian church.

Question 7

House of Wisdom

Answer 7

A center of learning established in Baghdad in the 800s consisting of scholars of different cultures and beliefs, the House of Wisdom helped translate and preserve many works of literature, especially greek.

Question 8

Umayyad

Answer 8

A dynasty that ruled the Muslim empire from 661-750 that moved the muslim capital away from Mecca to Damascus

Question 10

Timbuktu

Answer 10

A town in northern Mali. It was a trading center for gold and salt on the trans-Sahara trade routes and fell into decline to the Moroccans. It attracted people of all trades because of it’s universities and Mosques.

Question 12

Battle of Tours

Answer 12

A battle between Christians and Muslims which decided if Western Europe would be predominantly Christian or Muslim. Charles Martel helped win the Battle of Tours for the Christians and became known as a Champion of Christianity.

Question 13

Ibn Battuta (a.k.a Ibn Battutastic)

Answer 13

A historian and traveller who documented his travels through most of the countries in the Islamic world. He was also a devout Muslim who praised/criticized other Muslims.

Question 14

Shiite (Shi’a)

Answer 14

resisted Umayyad rule and believes the successor to Muhammad should be a descendent.

Question 15

Secular

Answer 15

Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters. This was involved with politics under Pope Gregory the I.

Question 17

Papacy

Answer 17

The office of authority of a Pope.

Question 18

feudalism

Answer 18

a political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belongs to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people on the land

Question 19

Caliph

Answer 19

a supreme political and religious leader in Muslim government

• means “successor” or “deputy”
• usually the head of the caliphate

Question 20

Middle Ages

Answer 20

The era in European history that followed the fall of the Roman Empire, lasting from about 500-1500, aka medieval period, dark ages. -Very religious/spiritual period, less focus on the sciences.

• Early Middle Ages (from 500-1100)
• High Middle Ages (1100-1500)

Question 21

Charlemagne

Answer 21

Aka Charles the Great, Charlemagne ruled Frankish kingdom. He conquered lands, uniting the Germanic kingdoms and built his empire to be larger than any since the Roman Empire. Spread Christianity and lead revival of the sciences. -limited authority of nobles, strengthening his royal power

Question 22

lay investiture

Answer 22

the appointment of religious officials by kings or nobles

Question 23

Church reforms

Answer 23

• many priests are married with children
• Simony (church positions sold by Bishops)
• monasteries and churches have lots of $
• lay investiture (kings appointing bishops)
• reformed by Pope Leo IX enforcing Church laws against marriage and promoted celibacy
• Pope Leo used legates to travel and enforce church laws
• sent friars
• “concord at worms”- compromise which said Pope appt bishop, but King may veto

Question 24

Norman Conquest

Answer 24

Vikings (French, Normandy) wanted English land from Anglo-Saxons. William the conqueror(Norman) won against Harold Godwinston (English) at the Battle of Hastings. After Harold was killed in battle, William declared all of England as personal property.

Question 25

Inquisition

Answer 25

a Roman Catholic tribunal (court) for investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy(rejection of Christianity)- was especially active in Spain during 1400s

Question 26

Bubonic Plague

Answer 26

A deadly disease that spread across Asia and Europe in the mid 14th century spread by rats/gerbils, killed millions of people

Question 27

Pope Urban II

Answer 27

Launched the first crusade in 1059 by promising all soldiers they would find heaven/ to repay God for helping them, if they freed the holy land (Jerusalem) from Muslim reign.

Question 28

University

Answer 28

• originally, a group of scholars meeting wherever they could
• people made up medieval university, most students were sons of burghers (good artisans)
• for students, goal to get job in gvmt or church

Question 29

simony

Answer 29

the practice of bishops selling positions in the Church

Question 30

Gothic Cathedrals

Answer 30

viewed as the representation of the city of God, gothic cathedral were large, bright, glass stained churches built in city areas. Large windows were allowed by the flying buttresses, pointed arches, and tall spires pointing into heaven.

Question 31

Mansa Musa

Answer 31

ruled Mali Empire from 1312-1332. Made the hajj to Mecca multiple times and gave large amounts of gold which lead to europeans knowing of Mali’s wealth. - expanded Malian Empire

Question 32

Hundred Years War

Answer 32

A conflict which Enlglad and France battled from 1337-1453, ultimately french won land back thanks to Joan of Arc, ended the Middle Ages and ended code of chivalry due to new technology used (crossbows and longbows).