Quarter 3 Study Guide Terms Flashcards
Magna Carta
Document that gave political rights to the people and it limited the kings power and is the basis for many official documents today including the US constitution.
Crusades
Expeditions in which Medieval Christians sought to control/capture the holy land from the Muslims.
Rightly Guided Caliph
The first 4 Caliphs who had known Muhammad and used the Qur’an and Muhammad’s actions as guides to leadership.
Sunni
Branch of Islam who acknowledged the first 4 caliphs as the rightful successors to Muhammad.
Tithe
A family’s payment of 10% of its income to the church.
Abbasid
A dynasty that ruled much of the Muslim empire from 750-1250 and helped expand the empire.
Excommunication
The taking away of a persons right of membership to the christian church.
House of Wisdom
A center of learning established in Baghdad in the 800s consisting of scholars of different cultures and beliefs, the House of Wisdom helped translate and preserve many works of literature, especially greek.
Umayyad
A dynasty that ruled the Muslim empire from 661-750 that moved the muslim capital away from Mecca to Damascus
Timbuktu
A town in northern Mali. It was a trading center for gold and salt on the trans-Sahara trade routes and fell into decline to the Moroccans. It attracted people of all trades because of it’s universities and Mosques.
Battle of Tours
A battle between Christians and Muslims which decided if Western Europe would be predominantly Christian or Muslim. Charles Martel helped win the Battle of Tours for the Christians and became known as a Champion of Christianity.
Ibn Battuta (a.k.a Ibn Battutastic)
A historian and traveller who documented his travels through most of the countries in the Islamic world. He was also a devout Muslim who praised/criticized other Muslims.
Shiite (Shi’a)
resisted Umayyad rule and believes the successor to Muhammad should be a descendent.
Secular
Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters. This was involved with politics under Pope Gregory the I.
Papacy
The office of authority of a Pope.
feudalism
a political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belongs to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people on the land
Caliph
a supreme political and religious leader in Muslim government
- means “successor” or “deputy”
- usually the head of the caliphate
Middle Ages
The era in European history that followed the fall of the Roman Empire, lasting from about 500-1500, aka medieval period, dark ages. -Very religious/spiritual period, less focus on the sciences.
- Early Middle Ages (from 500-1100)
- High Middle Ages (1100-1500)
Charlemagne
Aka Charles the Great, Charlemagne ruled Frankish kingdom. He conquered lands, uniting the Germanic kingdoms and built his empire to be larger than any since the Roman Empire. Spread Christianity and lead revival of the sciences. -limited authority of nobles, strengthening his royal power
lay investiture
the appointment of religious officials by kings or nobles
Church reforms
- many priests are married with children
- Simony (church positions sold by Bishops)
- monasteries and churches have lots of $
- lay investiture (kings appointing bishops)
- reformed by Pope Leo IX enforcing Church laws against marriage and promoted celibacy
- Pope Leo used legates to travel and enforce church laws
- sent friars
- “concord at worms”- compromise which said Pope appt bishop, but King may veto
Norman Conquest
Vikings (French, Normandy) wanted English land from Anglo-Saxons. William the conqueror(Norman) won against Harold Godwinston (English) at the Battle of Hastings. After Harold was killed in battle, William declared all of England as personal property.
Inquisition
a Roman Catholic tribunal (court) for investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy(rejection of Christianity)- was especially active in Spain during 1400s
Bubonic Plague
A deadly disease that spread across Asia and Europe in the mid 14th century spread by rats/gerbils, killed millions of people
