Quarter 3 history study guide

Question 1

Fascism: What is the meaning of this term? How did fascism play a role in the outbreak of WWII?

Answer 1

Aggressive nationalist movement where the nation was favored over the people

Question 2

Benito Mussolini

Answer 2

Founded Italy’s Fascist party in 1919.

Question 3

Joseph Stalin

Answer 3

Escaped prison 7 times, had a power struggle between him and Leon Trotsky after Vladimir Lenin passed - took over the Soviet Union in 1926.

Question 4

Adolf Hitler

Answer 4

Leader of Germany, started the Holocaust. He was also a native Austrian who fought for Germany in WWI.

Question 5

Franklin Roosevelt

Answer 5

32nd U.S president (1933-1945)

Question 6

Winston Churchill

Answer 6

Prime minister of England, replacing Neville Churchill. Lead Britain to victory in WWII.

Question 7

Harry Truman

Answer 7

33rd president of the United States (1945–53), who led his country through the final stages of World War II and through the early years of the Cold War, vigorously opposing Soviet expansionism in Europe

Question 8

How did the stock market crash, and ensuing economic depression in the United States, help lead to the rise of Hitler and the Nazi party?

Answer 8

When the U.S went on the great depression, the Germans went on an economic one. Germany relied on the U.S’ economy, when they were suffering, they were willing to do anything to help the economy, leading to a dictatorship.

Question 9

Why did Europe’s leaders first try to deal with Hitler through appeasement?

Answer 9

They didn’t want Hitler to start attacking them and be violent, along with not wanting to go into a big war and believing he would stop at some point.

Question 10

In what ways did the United States assist Britain before joining the war?

Answer 10

Before WWII, the United States was trying to take on an isolationist approach, and there was a law stating how we may not give free weapons to Britain. To still help Britain, Roosevelt made:
Lend-Lease Act - The act that lets countries “vital to the defense of the United States” borrow weapons.
Hemispheric defense zone - Roosevelt said the Western side of the Atlantic was part of that hemisphere, so it was neutral. He had the U.S navy patrol the area and leak the German submarines’ location to the British.

Question 11

Why were the British able to prevent the Germans from invading their country?

Answer 11

Their geographical location.

Question 12

What was the Atlantic Charter? What did it declare?

Answer 12

The agreement between the U.S and the U.K, saying that they would both be at peace with the other after the war.

Question 13

What were FDR’s Four Freedoms? When did he make this speech? How does it compare to the Atlantic Charter?

Answer 13

FDR’s 4 freedoms were freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear.

Question 14

What does the term internationalism mean?

Answer 14

The idea that trade between countries creates prosperity and helps prevent war.

Question 15

What were the Neutrality Acts? Why were they significant?

Answer 15

A set of acts to keep the U.S out of WWII. They were significant because they helped prepare the U.S for war, while keeping the people happy, although it ended up failing.

Question 16

Blitzkrieg: What was this? Why was it significant?

Answer 16

Used by Nazi’s, they would use tanks to break through and circle the enemy positions while planes bombed the area. It was very efficient, and helped conquer Europe.

Question 17

Pearl Harbor: When? Where? Why? What was the impact? -

Answer 17

Pearl Harbor was a place in Hawaii that held army supplies. It was the Japanese attack on the U.S, America was not prepared and had underestimated Japan. December 7th, 1941, started getting the U.S to prepare for war, Japan knew it would hurt the U.S’ military.

Question 18

How did American industry rally behind the war effort?

Answer 18

Food was rationed by everybody, and joined the army. Or, joined the workforce to serve their country.

Question 19

How did WWII affect women?

Answer 19

WWII showed women they had power by joining the war effort, they ended up being the true reason the U.S won the war.

Question 20

Who was Rosie the Riveter?

Answer 20

A campaign for women to join the workforce.

Question 21

Arsenal of Democracy: What does this term mean? How did it impact WWII?

Answer 21

When American industries started mass producing war goods, gaining supplies from factories in multiple states.

Question 22

How were African Americans and other minority groups treated during the war?

Answer 22

During WWII, African Americans and other minority groups were heavily segregated during the war. African Americans were given smaller housing, worse food, and jobs in the battlefield nobody wanted to take.

Question 23

What was the Double-V Campaign and why was it important to many black soldiers?

Answer 23

Double V, victory at war and home- important because it promoted equality

Question 24

Which countries did the United States fight against during WWII?

Answer 24

Germany and Italy, allied with Japan

Question 25

Where did the Allies begin their invasion of Italy? Why did the Allies choose this location?

Answer 25

It began in Sicily, they chose the location because of how resourceful it was, and it was useful for transporting supplies.

Question 26

Operation Overlord (D-Day): When, Where, and Why? What was the impact?

Answer 26

Happened June 5th, 1944, in Normandy, France. It was for the allies to gain land to fight on for the war. The allies won the war against Germany into a two front war, and led to Germany losing supplies faster.

Question 27

What was life like for Jewish people in Nazi Germany prior to WWII?

Answer 27

The Jewish were mistreated and forced to live in ghettos.

Question 28

What was the “Final Solution”? Why is this relevant to WWII? -

Answer 28

The “Final Solution” was Hitler saying all Jews needed to be dead. The Nazis were fighting in the war and killing jews at the same time.

Question 29

When was the term genocide first introduced? Why?

Answer 29

The term genocide, meaning a mass execution of people based on race, gender, etc, was first introduced referring to the Holocaust. During the Holocaust, under Hitler’s order, the Nazis mass murdered Jewish, Christians, and other groups.

Question 30

What was Executive Order 9066? Why was this significant?

Answer 30

authorized the forced relocation of Japanese Americans from the West Coast to internment camps during World War II

Question 31

How did many Navajo Native Americans contribute to the war effort?

Answer 31

Navajo Native Americans contributed to the war effort by speaking their language, using it to code and decode messages. This made it harder for the enemy to read and discover what the United States was plotting against.

Question 32

Manhattan Project: When, Where, Why?

Answer 32

The Manhattan project was a collection of more than 40,000 people keeping the first building of a nuclear weapon a secret from everyone outside.

Question 33

What happened in Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Who made this decision? Why was this event so significant?

Answer 33

Atomic bombs were dropped on those two places. President Herebert Trueman made this decision and this event is significant because of its controversy. To this day, those are the only two cities to be bombed by nuclear weapons.

Question 34

What was V-E Day? What was V-J Day? Which one happened first?

Answer 34

V-E (victory-europe) day was when the Allies won in Europe, V-J (victory-Japan) was when they won in Japan. V-E day happened first.

Question 35

What were the terms of the official peace treaty signed by Japan on August 15, 1945? What is the relationship like today between the U.S. and Japan?

Answer 35

On August 15, 1945, Japan did not sign an official peace treaty, but rather accepted the terms of the Potsdam Declaration, which mandated their unconditional surrender, relinquishing all claims to territories outside the Japanese home islands, and allowing for Allied occupation of Japan; today, the U.S. and Japan have a very close relationship, considered one of the strongest alliances in the Asia-Pacific region, with strong economic ties and a shared commitment to regional security flash

Question 36

Why do most Americans not celebrate the end of WWII?

Answer 36

There were 2 days, V-E day, and V-J day, so it would be confusing. Another reason could be that it was very unethical, and the two most destructive bombs were dropped.

Question 37

What is the United Nations? Who are the permanent members?

Answer 37

The United Nations is a collection of countries, made to prevent wars, the five official members are China, the U.S, the U.k, Russia, and France.

Question 38

Why was the creation of the United Nations an important result of WWII?

Answer 38

It helped prevent future wars and battles

Question 39

How was the United States changed by the war? List at least two examples.

Answer 39

There were more opportunities for women, less segregation

Question 40

List at least two major battles that took place in Europe. What was the result of each?

Answer 40

The invasion of Italy, July 1943, 38 days later, Sicily fell and Mussolini was overthrown by a disillusioned Italian population. War in the Soviet Union, Germany attacked the Soviet Union with 3.6 million soldiers, USSR repelled the German attack for a temporary victory.

Question 41

List at least two major battles that took place in the Pacific. What was the result of each?

Answer 41

The Battle of the Coral Sea, Japanese forces continued to expand and were not stopped by allied forces until the Battle of the Coral Sea in May, 1942. The Battle of Iwo Jima, 25,000 Japanese protected the small rocky island and it took over 110,000 Americans to defeat them. Only 216 Japanese surrendered--the rest died. This was a battle of a 14 square mile island.

Question 42

Who attended the Yalta Conference? What made the conference so important?

Answer 42

Feb, 1945. The last major meeting of the big 3. Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin realize the allies are going to win the war, and plan out the post-war world. Most of the agreements were broken after FDR passed away.

Question 43

Who attended the Potsdam Conference? What made the conference so important?

Answer 43

Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and US President Harry Truman. They agreed to win the war in Europe before concentrating on the Pacific, and agreed to demand unconditional surrender only from all the Axis powers. The conference was in Casablanca, Morocco, January 1943.