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WHAP > QUARTER 3 EXAM > Flashcards

QUARTER 3 EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

Neolithic Era is a turning point in the history of the world. What event that occurred in that period supports the contention?

A

Denser populations, specialized labor, and complex social relations gave rise to cities

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2
Q

Similarity between common agricultural practices in Egypt and Mesopotamia

A

High agricultural productivity led to a rapid increase in population and forced development and adoption of more sophisticated agricultural methods

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3
Q

A characteristic that the Shang Chinese shared with Egyptian civilization was the

A

Development of a writing system

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4
Q

The food supply of early farmers, compared to that of hunting peoples

A

Was less varied and nutritious

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5
Q

Perhaps the most important change associated with early agriculture was

A

A population explosion

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6
Q

Early societies developed civilizations in the flood plains of great rivers because the rivers and floodplains provided

A

Fertile silt and water for agriculture

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7
Q

Women in Mesopotamian society

A

Had a lower status than women in Paleolithic hunter-gatherer society

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8
Q

The culture that developed in Egypt was unique largely because of

A

Egypt’s geographic isolation and natural environment

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9
Q

The Mesopotamian law code of Hammurabi is famous. Why didn’t Egypt have a similar code of law?

A

The king as God on earth was the source of all law

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of most early civilizations?

A

Urban centers, growing populations, and writing systems

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11
Q

The Mandate of Heaven meant that the Chinese ruler retained the right to rule as long as

A

He remained a wise and principled ruler of his people, maintaining order and harmony

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12
Q

Women were important contributors to the agricultural revolution because they were likely the gender who

A

Gathered edible plants and knew where grains grew

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13
Q

Because of its lack of land, the Phoenician concentrated on

A

Trade and commercial opportunities

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14
Q

Ziggurat

A

Mesopotamia

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15
Q

Which foreign invasion also brought important new technologies to Egypt?

A

Hyksos

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16
Q

Pharaoh Akhenaten is known best for what revolutionary change in Egypt?

A

He suppressed the old cult of gods and emphasized the primacy of Aten, the only true God

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17
Q

Hebrew powerful diety

A

Yahweh

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18
Q

The Egyptian creation myth presents the universe as orderly and benevolent. This is due to

A

The yearly, consistent flooding of the Nile

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19
Q

Where do humans first appear in the archeological record?

A

Africa

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20
Q

The switch from hunting-foraging to systematic agriculture had what effect on food supply?

A

It was more reliable

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21
Q

This term identifies the domestication of animals for food and other uses.

A

Pastoralism

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22
Q

The most significant defining characteristic of the Paleolithic era was that

A

The peoples relied on hunting and gathering for subsistence

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23
Q

A common characteristic shared by the first civilizations:

A

Developed in river valleys

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24
Q

The Neolithic revolution is best described as

A

The switch from a hunter-forager lifestyle to that based on systematic agriculture

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25
Q

NOT an effect of the Neolithic Revolution

A

Towns and villages developed democratic governments

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26
Q

The source of power of the rulers of the earliest states:

A

The gods

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27
Q

Mesopotamia

A

Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

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28
Q

Zoroastrianism

A

Persia

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29
Q

The Indian political scene changed dramatically in 520 BCE when new administrative techniques were introduced after the invasion of the

A

Persians

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30
Q

In 327 BCE India was thrown into political chaos by the invasion of

A

Alexander of Macedon

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31
Q

Ruler that unified India

A

Chandragupta Maurya

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32
Q

Rock and Pillar Edicts

A

Ashoka

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33
Q

Mauritania emperor known for Buddhism

A

Ashoka

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34
Q

Gupta Dynasty creator

A

Chandra Gupta

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35
Q

Politically, the Guptas

A

Left local government and administration in the hands of their allies

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36
Q

Collapse of Gupta

A

White Huns

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37
Q

The success and timing of trade, through the Indian Ocean basin, largely depended on

A

Understanding the rhythms of the monsoon winds

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38
Q

One of the biggest transformations of the caste system was

A

The rise of guilds, which essentially served as jati

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39
Q

Much of the responsibility for maintaining social order in India during these years fell to

A

The jati

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40
Q

Ancient Indian religion revolved around ritual sacrifices offered by whom

A

Brahmins

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41
Q

The religious group that carefully swept the ground before them as they walked to avoid harming any invisible insects was the

A

Jains

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42
Q

Greatest social contribution of the Jains

A

The fact that they did not recognize social hierarchies based on caste

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43
Q

Fundamental doctrine of Buddhism

A

Four Noble Truths

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44
Q

Bodhisattva

A

Buddhism

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45
Q

Major early turning point in the rise of the Persian empire was the

A

Victory of Cyrus over Lydia

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46
Q

Persian empires

A

Achaemenids, Seleucids, Parthians, Sasanids

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47
Q

Achaemenid founder

A

Cyrus

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48
Q

Which emperor presided over the greatest expansion of Persian power and territory?

A

Darius

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49
Q

Satrapies

A

Persian administrative units

50
Q

Which empire normally displayed the greatest degree of toleration toward its subject peoples?

A

Achaemenid

51
Q

Center of Persian communication network

A

Royal Road

52
Q

Qanat

A

Persian underground canals

53
Q

Darius received praise from these people

A

Jews

54
Q

Battle of Marathon in 490 BCE

A

A Greek victory over the Persians

55
Q

Sasanids defeated in 651 CE by

A

Islamic Arab warriors

56
Q

Social structure of the Medes and Persians was similar to the

A

Aryans

57
Q

Zoroastrianism was

A

Allowed to spread through its own merits

58
Q

Which tenet of Zoroastrianism didn’t influence later religions?

A

The view of the material world as a place of temptation that had to be ignored

59
Q

Zarathustra viewed the material world

A

As a gift from Ahura Mazda that should be enjoyed

60
Q

The Qin and Han dynasties

A

Went further than the Persian emperors in their effort to foster cultural unity

61
Q

Confucian sayings

A

Analects

62
Q

The philosophy of Confucius

A

Formed a thoroughly practical and secular approach to life

63
Q

Confucius believed that political and social harmony

A

Arose from the proper ordering of human relationships

64
Q

Most influential post-Confucian philosopher

A

Mencius

65
Q

At the heart of Mencius’s philosophy was the belief that

A

Human nature was essentially good

66
Q

Philosophy that criticized social activism

A

Daoism

67
Q

Daoism founder

A

Laozi

68
Q

Chinese political philosophy

A

Legalism

69
Q

First ruler to unite China

A

Qin Shihuangdi

70
Q

NOT one of Shihuangdi’s policies

A

Support of traditional learning

71
Q

Emperor notorious for hated of Confucianism

A

Shihuangdi

72
Q

Shihuangdi’s most important contribution to China was

A

Establishing a preferential for centralized imperial rule

73
Q

15,000 terra cotta soldiers in tomb of

A

Shihuangdi

74
Q

Han founder

A

Liu Bang

75
Q

Greatest military threat to Han dynasty

A

The Xiongnu

76
Q

Feudal states arose in both Europe and China as a result of

A

The fragmentation of central government units

77
Q

Sunni Shi’a Split

A

Disagreement over leadership succession issues

78
Q

NOT an accurate statement about Confucianism

A

Only those who are devout and lead moral lives will be saved

79
Q

Foundation of ancient Indian civilization is not described by

A

The Dao

80
Q

Biggest difference between Melaka and the other states influenced by India was that Melaka

A

Became predominately Islam

81
Q

Laozi origin of Buddhism excerpt

Yu Huan’s purpose was most likely to

A

Assert the superiority of Chinese culture over non-Chinese cultures

82
Q

Difference between social structure of China and India between 600 BCE and 600 CE

A

Confucian social hierarchy privileged government officials

83
Q

Taj Mahal

A

Mughal India

84
Q

Indian concept not popular in southeast Asian states influenced by India

A

Caste system

85
Q

Sima Qian excerpt

NOT a form of diplomacy employed by the Han toward the Xiongnu

A

Creating confederacies and recruiting Xiongnu into the ever expanding bureaucracy

86
Q

Presence of changing monsoon winds ensured that

A

Irrigation was necessary in arid southern India

87
Q

Hindu temples

A

Played an important role in the agricultural and financial development of southern India

88
Q

Bhakti movement

A

Sought to erase the distinction between Hinduism and Islam

89
Q

NOT a factor weakening kingdoms in Europe after the desth do Charlemagne

A

Disruption of the Silk Road trade

90
Q

Vikings didn’t come from

A

Netherlands

91
Q

Feudalism developed because

A

People turned to landed aristocrats for protection with the break-down of imperial order

92
Q

Warrior who served a lord

A

Vassal

93
Q

Fief

A

Grant of land

94
Q

Chief virtue in feudal society

A

Loyalty to one’s lord

95
Q

Unwritten set of mutual obligations between lord and vassal

A

Feudal contract

96
Q

From the fall of Rome to the twelfth century, ________ was the political and economic powerhouse of the Mediterranean region.

A

Byzantine empire

97
Q

Secret history of the Mongols excerpt

Illustrates the Mongols’ central value of

A

Loyalty ties

98
Q

Tang plan to avoid concentration of land

A

Equal-field system

99
Q

During the Tang Dynasty, the imperial civil service exams

A

Were expanded, allowing posts to be filled with officials of genuine intellectual ability

100
Q

During the Tang Dynasty,

A

Chinese armies pushed into Korea, Manchuria, Tibet and northern Vietnam

101
Q

The kowtow

A

Was a ritual prostration before the Chinese emperor

102
Q

Song Dynasty substantially weakened by Song Taizu’s decision to

A

Allow scholar-bureaucrats to lead the army

103
Q

Most important new crop introduced during Tang and Song periods

A

Fast-ripening rice

104
Q

Foot binding is probably the best example of the

A

Increased patriarchal nature of Chinese society

105
Q

Most influential naval technological innovation

A

Magnetic compass

106
Q

Islamic pilgrimage

A

Hajj

107
Q

Quran

A

Holy book of Islam

108
Q

Islamic holy law

A

Sharia

109
Q

1st caliph

A

Abu Bakr

110
Q

Shi’a believed

A

The caliphate should follow the line of Ali

111
Q

Islamic split between Sunni and

A

Shi’a

112
Q

Umayyad special head tax

A

Jizya

113
Q

Industry introduced to Islamic world from China during Abbasid period

A

Paper manufacture

114
Q

Muslims adopted numerals from

A

India

115
Q

Mixture of secular and religious authority

A

Caesaropapism

116
Q

Wife of Byzantine emperor Justinian

A

Theodora

117
Q

Justinian’s most important and long-lasting political achievement was

A

His codification of Roman law

118
Q

After the collapse of western Roman authority,

A

Germanic tribes established regional kingdoms

119
Q

Roman imperial power ended in 476 CE with the invasion of

A

The Germanic general Odovacer

120
Q

Which Germanic tribe played the most important role in establishing the foundations of European development?

A

Franks

121
Q

In 1054 the pope in Rome and the patriarch of Constantinople

A

Mutually excommunicated each other

122
Q

A direct challenge to the Byzantine emperor arose in the year 800 when the pope gave imperial crown to the Frankish King

A

Charlemagne

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