Quarter 1 Test: Puritanism, The Scarlet Letter, the Enlightenment Flashcards
The Renaissance
A rebirth of letters and art stimulated by the recovery and study of texts from classical antiquity. These texts were studied to find moral, political, and philosophical truths. Arrived to England from Italy.
Under which ruler did the Renaissance flourish?
Henry VIII
Humanism
The Renaissance recognition of the dignity of the individual and the worth of life in this world.
Anne Bolin
Henry VIII married her after divorcing Catherine without papal consent. Anne bore him Elizabeth I.
Opinion of England towards the Catholic Church
Against it because they disliked paying taxes to a distant church.
What happened between 1529 and 1536?
Henry VIII, after his divorce, severed ties with the Catholic Church. This is known as the Reformation, a cleansing of the Church from the centuries of corruption. He seizes papal lands and dissolves monasteries.
Results of the Reformation:
A. Gives people of England a vested property interest in Church of England to keep property
B. Gives people a reason to support the King who has given them former church property (the country got richer)
C. Keeps most of Catholicism’s ceremonies, so he doesn’t give a theological reason to defend Catholicism.
Queen Mary
Henry VIII’s oldest daughter. Takes the throne after Henry and tries to bring England back to Catholicism by persecuting Protestants
Amstelkring
A secret Catholic Church hidden in somebody’s house in which Catholics and other religious dissenters from the seventeenth century Dutch Reformed Church, unable to worship in public, held services.
What happened to many Protestants during Queen Mary’s persecution?
They fled to Switzerland and Germany and absorbed radical Calvinist doctrines.
Martin Luther
Began the Protestant Reformation in 1517. Taught that God speaks through the Bible—not through priests or the pope. This was revolutionary because it destroyed the underlying powers of the Church.
John Calvin
Taught the doctrine of predestination.
Predestination
The belief that God chooses or “elects” those who will be saved and people can do nothing about their own salvation. People who believed in this doctrine thought they should live a holy life in order to appear that they were of the “elect” and had God’s “grace.”
Puritans
Believed in predestination.
“The sun never sets…”
“on the British Empire” –Queen Elizabeth I (said because the empire was so huge that there was always somewhere in it where the sun was shining.)
Which of Shakespeare’s works was inspired by the discovery of the New World?
The Tempest
Different types of settlements in the New World
a. Religious–some (separatists and puritans) wanted to institute a purer form of worship based on scripture.
b. Economic–some wanted to own land and better their social standing (which was impossible in England due to its dramatically expanding population and exorbitant cost of living.)
c. Political–some came to escape bad marriages or jail terms
Oliver Cromwell
A Puritan who rose to power in England after a war caused by James I and Charles I suppressing the Puritans
Were colonies very connected?
No. They sometimes even hated each other.
