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P1 -- Anatomy and Physiology > Quarter 1 Midterm -- period 1 > Flashcards

Quarter 1 Midterm -- period 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Descriptive anatomy

A

Exact terms for locations; prevents misunderstanding

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2
Q

Anatomical position

A

Standing upright, arms by the side, palms facing forward, toes pointed forward, always assumed

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3
Q

Abdominal

A

Stomach

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4
Q

Acromial

A

Point of shoulder

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5
Q

Axillary

A

Armpit, underarm

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6
Q

Brachial

A

Upper arm

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7
Q

Buccal

A

Cheek

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8
Q

Calcaneal

A

Heel of foot

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9
Q

Carpal

A

Wrist

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10
Q

Cephalic

A

Head, front, and back

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11
Q

Coxal

A

Hips

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11
Q

Cervical

A

Neck

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11
Q

Digital

A

Fingers

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12
Q

Femoral

A

Thigh

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13
Q

The visceral pleura covers the surface of:

A

The Lungs

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14
Q

Body Membranes functions:

A

Covers the body, line body cavities, and cover organs within the cavities

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15
Q

Membrane that has visceral and parietal layers:

A

Serous Membrane

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16
Q

Categories of epithelial membranes

A

Cutaneous Membrane, Serous Membranes, and Mucous Membranes

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17
Q

Connective Tissue Membrane

A

Synovial

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18
Q

Layers of serous membranes

A

Visceral layer: covers external surface of organs

Parietal layer: lines the internal surface of the body wall

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19
Q

The skin is a

A

Cutaneous Membrane

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20
Q

Eccrine Glands

A

Sweat glands that are found in abundance on the face and produce sweat in response to excess heat in the body. These glands are NOT stinky.

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21
Q

What is the anatomical name for Buttocks?

A

Gluteal

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22
Q

What is the tarsal?

A

the ankle

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23
Q

What is the nasal?

A

the nose

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24
Q

The oral is your:

A

mouth

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25
Q

The orbitals are:

A

the eyes

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26
Q

What is the anatomical term for the knee pit(back)?

A

Popliteal

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27
Q

Composition of sweat

A
  • 99% Water
  • Salt
  • Vitamin C
  • Metabolic waste
  • Proteins and fatty acids( ONLY IN APOCRINE GLANDS)
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28
Q

What is the patellar?

A

the front of the knee

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29
Q

Where is the pelvic?

A

the area between the hips

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30
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

glands responsible for producing Sebum (oil) and protecting the skin from bacteria. These glands are found all over the body EXCEPT the palms and soles.

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31
Q

What is the anatomical term for the gluteal cleavage(butt crack)?

A

Sacral

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32
Q

The Umbilical is on the _____ side.

A

Anterior

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33
Q

The carpals are _____ to the digitals.

A

Proximal

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34
Q

Apocrine Glands

A

Sweat glands that become active during puberty that are responsible for the stinky body odor smell. These glands can be found in the armpit and around the genitals.

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35
Q

superior

A

above

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36
Q

The oral is _____ to the ear.

A

Medial

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37
Q

What is the anatomical term for the shoulder blade?

A

Scapular

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38
Q

Eccrine Glands

A

Sweat glands that are found in abundance on the face and produce sweat in response to excess heat in the body. These glands are NOT stinky.

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39
Q

The skin is _____ to the skeleton.

A

Superficial

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40
Q

What is the Apocrine Sweat Glands?

A

found in the armpits and around the genitals. The bacteria decompose the bacteria the proteins/acids and gives it a musky odor. Starts working at puberty.

41
Q

What makes apocrine glands stink

A

The fatty acids and proteins from the sweat produced is eaten by bacteria, as a result the bacterias byproduct is stinky.

42
Q

anterior

A

in front of

43
Q

What is the anatomical term for the breastbone?

A

Sternal/Sternum

44
Q

posterior

A

Behind back of

45
Q

What is the anatomical term for the belly button(naval)?

A

Umbilical

46
Q

medial

A

inner side of; in the middle of

47
Q

What is the anatomical term for the spine?

A

Vertebral

48
Q

ventral body cavities

A

the anterior
includes thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

49
Q

lateral

A

outer side of; away from the midline

50
Q

Dorsal body cavities

A

includes cranial cavity and spinal cavity

51
Q

The umbilical is ____ to the cervical.

A

Inferior

52
Q

Epidermis

A

most superficial layer of the skin, overlying the dermis.

53
Q

Integumentary

A

Protects deeper tissue from injuries
Hair, skin, fingernails

54
Q

Cranial cavity

A

Houses the brain

55
Q

proximal

A

close to the origin of body parts

56
Q

The pelvic is [blank] to the gluteal.

A

Anterior

57
Q

Spinal cavity

A

Houses the spinal cord

58
Q

The brachial is [blank] to the carpals.

A

Distal

59
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

heart and lungs

60
Q

distal

A

further from the onigin of body parts

61
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep?

A
  1. Stratum corneum
  2. Stratum lucidum (only thick skin)
  3. Stratum granulosum
  4. Stratum spinosum
  5. Stratum basale

(Californians, Love, Good, Sandy, Beaches)

62
Q

How many layers does “thin skin” have?

A

4

63
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

Digestive organs, reproductive organs, and urinary tract organs.

64
Q

Muscular system

A

Allows manipulation of the environment
Skeletal Muscles

65
Q

Where is “thin skin” located?

A

everywhere else, except palm and soles of feet

66
Q

inferior

A

below

67
Q

Skeletal system

A

Protects and supports the body organs
Cartalage, Joint, bones

68
Q

What is homeostasis

A

The ability of the body to maintain a relatively stable/constant internal environment, regardless of environmental changes

69
Q

Sagittal section

A

Divides the body(or organs) into left and right

70
Q

superficial

A

towards to or at body surface

71
Q

How many layers does the “thick skin” have?

A

5 (only skin with S. lucidum )

72
Q

What is the stimulus

A

Produces change in variable

73
Q

deep

A

away from body surfaces

74
Q

What is the effector

A

Response of effector feeds back to influence magnitude of stimulus and returns variables to homeostasis.

75
Q

Midsagittal section

A

Divides the body(or organs) into equal left and right parts

76
Q

What is negative feedback

A

the output reduces the original effect of the stimulus. Ex. Body temperature

77
Q

What is positive feedback.

A

system, the cut put enhances the original stimulus. Ex. Child birth, blood clotting

78
Q

Nervous system

A

The fast-acting control system of the body
Brain, nervous, spinal cord

79
Q

Transverse (or cross) section

A

Divides the body (or organs) into superior and inferior

80
Q

what are two major regions of the dermis?

A

papillary and reficular

81
Q

What is anatomy?

A

Anatomy is the study of the structure and body and its parts

82
Q

Where is “thick skin” located?

A

palms and the sole of the feet

83
Q

which region is the upper layer of the dermis?

A

papillary

84
Q

Frontal (or coronal) section

A

Divides the body (or organs) into anterior and posterior

85
Q

What are the epidermal layers, deep to superficial?

A
  1. S.basale, 4. S.sipinosum, 3. S.granulosum, 2. S. lucidum, 1. S.corneum
86
Q

whats the deepest skin layer of the dermis ?

A

reticular

87
Q

What is physiology?

A

Study of the body and its functions

88
Q

Where are melanocytes located?

A

S.basale

89
Q

what is hypodermis?

A

subcutaneous tissue; under the dermis; composed of adipose; energy storage, cushion, and shock absorption

90
Q

What is the “rule of nines?”

A

The way we determine skin damage from a burn

90
Q

How long does it take for the epidermis to be replaced?

A

1 month

91
Q

Maintaining life: Survival Needs

A

Nutrients
Oxygen
Water
Normal body temperature
Atmospheric pressure

92
Q

You get a splinter that penetrates the epidermis on your knee. What is the second layer touches?

A

S.granulosum *because the S. lucidum is not present in thin skin

93
Q

Sebaceous Gland

A

For oil (sebum)

94
Q

What percentage of the skin was burned? (The anterior head, whole right leg, and the abdomen)

A

31.5%

95
Q

Hair root

A

Below the skin

96
Q

What area of hair, follicle, or nail would have to be damaged to stop growth?

A

The nail matrix and hair follicle would have to be damaged to stop growth.

97
Q

Body of the nail

A

Densely packed dead keratinocytes.

98
Q

Arrector Pili Muscle

A

A tiny muscle that attaches to the base of a hair follicle at one end and to dermal tissue on the other end.

99
Q

How does a physician estimate the skin damage in a severely burned patient by?

A

The Rules of Nine

100
Q

Hair shaft

A

Above the skin

101
Q

Posterior head and posterior arms?

A

13.5%

P1 -- Anatomy and Physiology (7 decks)

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