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Advanced Chemistry Quarter 1 Final > Quarter 1 Final > Flashcards

Quarter 1 Final Flashcards

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1
Q

what general atom has the same number of protons and electrons, but a different number of neutrons and a different mass

A

isotope

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2
Q

german for “building up”. electrons have to fill orbitals of lowest energy first

A

aufbau principle

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3
Q

electrons occupy each orbital before pairing occurs

A

hund’s rule

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4
Q

each orbital can only hold two electrons and have opposite spins

A

pauli exclusion principle

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5
Q

the is 1s orbital, it holds…

A

2 electrons

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6
Q

there are 3p orbitals, they hold…

A

6 electrons

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7
Q

there are 5d orbitals, they hold…

A

10 electrons

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8
Q

there are 7f orbitals, they hold…

A

14 electrons

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9
Q

the cloud that is fuzzy and has no set boundaries is the…

A

electron cloud

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10
Q

when electrons move closer to the nucleus, they release energy in…

A

light

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11
Q

when an electron is in a state of lowest possible energy, it is in the…

A

ground state

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12
Q

when an electron has gained energy, it in in the…

anywhere it has higher energy than the ground state

A

excited state

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13
Q

to move to ground state, electrons have to release _______, in the form of light

A

energy

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14
Q

the amount of energy required to move an electron from one energy level to another…

A

quantum

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15
Q

the ways in which electrons are arranged in various orbitals around the nucleus of an atom

A

electron configuration

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16
Q

make sure to know electron diagram

A

*

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17
Q

what is…

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2

A

electron configuration

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18
Q

1s2=

A

1=energy level, s=orbital, 2=electrons

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19
Q

to calculate energy levels, you use the formula…

A

2n2 (2 n squared) (n=energy level)

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20
Q

1) find an element on the periodic table
2) go back to the last noble gas that was passed
3) write symbol of noble gas in brackets
4) continue the electron configuration using the row after noble gas. ex. [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p1

A

shorthand electron configuration/noble gas cofiguration

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21
Q

the p orbital has the shape of a…

A

dumbbell

22
Q

the s orbital is shaped like a…

A

sphere

23
Q

the d orbitals has the shape of a…

A

clover

24
Q

the f orbital has the shape of a…

A

too complex to write down

25
Q

regions in an atom where electrons are likely to be found

A

orbitals

26
Q

electron cloud, energy levels, orbitals that electrons are placed in

A

orbitals

27
Q

correspond to specific energy levels

A

orbitals

28
Q

amount of matter in an object

A

mass

29
Q

the measure of space occupied by an object

A

volume

30
Q

used with 5 senses; made without changing the substances composition (color; texture; shape; size; smell; taste; what state its in; melting point; boiling point; density)

A

physical properties

31
Q

the ability of a substance to undergo a chemical change (abilty to rust; flammability; doesn’t react)

A

chemical properties

32
Q

has a definite shape and volume. the particles vibrate and are tightly packed. (crystalline and amorphus)

A

solid

33
Q

no definite shape, but has a definite volume. the particles are close together, but not as close as soids–however, they can flow and slide past each other

A

liquid

34
Q

has no definite shape (takes shape of container) has no definite volume. the partices are NOT tightly packed (they can bounce off of each other) and can move freely

A

gas

35
Q

a change that does not affect the composition of the substance ex. change of state; bending; squishing

A

physical change

36
Q

change that does affect the chemial composition or makes a new substance ex. burning; rusting

A

chemical change

37
Q

color change; odor; bubble or fizz-formation of a gas; production of sound; formation of precipitate; producing heat; absorbing heat; release of energy as light

A

evidence of a chemical change

38
Q

a physical blend of two or more components

A

mixture

39
Q

the composition is uniform throughout (solution) ex. salt water; air; sugar water; bronze; 10k gold

A

homogenous mixture

40
Q

the composition is not uniform throughout. ex. salad; cake; organge juice (pulp); granite; blood

A

heterogenous mixture

41
Q

filtration; magnetism; evaporaton; distillation

A

seperation of mixtures

42
Q

substance that contains 2 or more elements that are chemically combined ex. water; sugar; chemical formula

A

compound

43
Q

the study of the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes

A

chemistry

44
Q

takes up space; mostly everything

A

matter

45
Q

light

A

not matter

46
Q

called the “central science”

A

chemistry

47
Q

study of all chemicals containing carbon

A

organic chemistry

48
Q

chemicals that do not contain carbon

A

inorganic chemistry

49
Q

study of processes in living organisms

A

biochemistry

50
Q

study of composition of matter (measuring/observing)

A

analytical chemistry

51
Q

study of mechanism, rate, and energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes a change

A

physical chemistry

Advanced Chemistry Quarter 1 Final (1 decks)

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