quarter 1 Flashcards
The temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas.
Boiling Point
The change from a gas to a solid. Requires removing energy so the particles slow down.
deposition
The particles are very far apart and they move freely and quickly. It has no definite shape or volume so it can take on both the shape and volume of its container.
Gas
The change from a gas to a liquid. Requires removing energy so the particles slow down.
Condensation
The change from a liquid to a solid. Requires removing energy so the particles slow down.
Freezing
The temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid.
Freezing Point
A graphical representation of how the state of matter changes in response to temperature change.
Heating Curve
The particles are close together and they vibrate, move, and slide past each other. It has a definite volume but no definite shape so it can take on only the shape of its container.
Liquid
The change from a solid to a liquid. Requires adding energy so the particles speed up.
Melting
The temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid.
Melting Point
A graphical representation that shows the temperature and pressure conditions in which a phase of matter will exist
Phase Diagram
Forms when a gas becomes hot enough for the energy to separate the particles in the atoms. Made up of free ions and negative electrons.
Plasma
The particles are tightly packed together and they vibrate in place. Has a definite shape and volume so it does not easily change shape or volume.
Solid
The change from a solid to a gas. Requires adding energy so the particles speed up.
Sublimation
The change from a liquid to a gas. Requires adding energy so the particles speed up.
Vaporization
Group 1: 1 valence electron. Extremely reactive
Alkali Metals
Group 2: 2 valence electrons. Very reactive (slightly less reactive than group 1).
Alkaline-Earth Metals
Basis for arranging elements on the modern Periodic Table. Tells the number of protons for each element.
Atomic Number
Size of an atom. Measured from the center of the nucleus to the outermost energy level.
Atomic Radius
an expression that shows the elements in a compound and the relative proportions of those elements
Chemical Formula
a one or two letter abbreviation to represents an element
Chemical Symbol
A group of elements with similar chemical and physical properties.
Family
Most reactive nonmetal.
Fluorine
Most reactive metal.
Francium
A vertical column in the periodic table. Indicates the number of valence electrons.
Group
Group 17: 7 valence electrons. Extremely reactive.
Halogens
Lower two rows of the periodic table. Lanthanides and actinides. Some are radioactive (unstable).
Inner Transition Metals
Also known as semi-metals. Share properties of metals and nonmetals. Semiconductors.
Metalloids
Located on the left side. Largest group of elements. Most are solid at room temperature, shiny, good conductors of electricity, malleable, and ductile.
Metals
Group 18: 8 valence electrons (Helium has 2). Nonreactive.
Noble Gases
Located on the right side. Second largest group of elements. Most are gases at room temperature, dull, poor conductors of electricity, not malleable, and not ductile.
Nonmetals
A horizontal row in the periodic table. Indicates the number of energy levels.
Period
Organization of all known elements by increasing atomic number and physical/chemical properties
Periodic Table
Groups 3-12: 1-2 valence electrons. Slightly reactive (less than group 2).
Transition Metals
Electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom. Determines the reactivity of an atom.
Valence Electrons
A property of matter that describes a substance’s ability to participate in chemical reactions.
Corrosiveness
Chemical Property
The ability of a substance to damage or destroy another substance it comes into contact with. (rusting, tarnishing, oxidation)
Corrosiveness
The ability of a substance to damage or destroy another substance it comes into contact with. (rusting, tarnishing, oxidation)
Corrosiveness
The amount of mass in a given volume (D = m/v)
Density
The ability to be pulled into thin wires.
Ductility
A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract electrons.
Electronegativity
The ability of a substance to burn.
Flammability
The ability of a substance to be hammered or rolled into sheets.
Malleability
The tendency of atoms to prefer to have 8 valence electrons.
Octet rule
A chemical change in which a substance combines with oxygen.
Oxidation
A characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance.
Physical property
The property that describes how readily a substance combines chemically with other substances.
Reactivity
The corrosion of Iron.
Rusting
The ability to dissolve in another substance.
Solubility
The corrosion of a metal.
Tarnishing
The ability of an object to transfer heat.
Thermal conductivity
A liquid’s resistance to flowing.
Viscosity
