Quantum Theory Flashcards
What equation links velocity of a wave, wavelength and frequency?
Velocity of Wave = Wavelength x Frequency
What is black body radiation?
The ideal emitter of electromagnetic radiation, capable of emitting and absorbing all frequencies of radiation
What is constructive interference?
When 2 waves in phase enough, that when added together, they are amplified
What is destructive interference?
When 2 waves are out of phase enough that they diminish each other, or fully out of phase and cancel each other out.
What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum (increasing frequency)?
IN THIS ORDER
Long Radiowaves
Radiowaves
Microwave
Infrared (IR)
Visible spectrum
Ultraviolet (UV)
X rays
Gamma rays
What is the difference between allowed energies in classical and quantum physics?
Classically allowed energies are continuous, where as permitted energies in quantum theory are discrete
(imagine a smooth spread of butter vs. multiple slices of distinct butter pieces lol)
Why can the Bohr model be sed to justify the Rydberg formula?
Bohr proposed that electrons exist in orbits with discrete energies, because of this, we can calculate these energies to find the energy obtained when an electron transtitions from one state to one with a lower energy
What is probability density?
The probability that you will find the particle in a given space
What is Normalisation of a wavefunction (N)?
N where the probability of finding the particle anywhere in the space is equal to 1 (100%)
What are the requirements of an acceptable wavefunction?
1) Be a single valued point
2) Not be infinite over a measurable interval
3) Be a continuous and smooth function
4) Have a first derivative that is a continuous and smooth function
5) Be quadratically integrable (intergral must be infinite)
What is The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle?
It is impossible to measure both the position and momentum of a particle simultaneously
What is the free electron model?
Assumes that the pi electrons are moving along the conjugated chain (double bonds) as particles in a 1D box. The potential energy inside the box (along the chain) is constant, but at the ends it rises sharply.
Describe tunnelling
When a barrier is not infinite, the probability of a particle tunnelling through the barrier is proportional to the expression
Potential energy is greater than total energy
