Quantum Numbers Flashcards
What are the 5 things scientist learned about the Electron?
- electrons can exist in discrete energy levels called Orbitals.
2.An Orbital is a mathematical Probability of where the electron is.
3.Orbitals have different shapes depending on the type of orbital. - An orbital contains 3 variables called quantum Numbers.
- These Quantum numbers describe the energy, shape and orientation of the orbitals.
What is the First Quantum Number called?
The principle quantum number Symbol is n.
What does the principle quantum number describe?
The principle energy level of the orbital. Sometimes referred to as principal shells
What are the values of n
The values of n are whole number 1-7
Also n = 1 is the lowest value
What are the 3 things that happen as n increases?
- The size of the shell increases.
- The energy level of the shell increases.
3.As n increases the number of sub-energy levels(sub shells) increases.
What is the second Quantum Number Called?
The angular momentum number and the symbol is l.
What does the angular momentum number identity?
The shape of the orbital.
What are the values for l?
They depend on the value of n.
what is the lowest value of l?
0 if n =1
List the Letter Designations values of l: 0,1,2,3,4,5
s , p ,d ,f ,g ,
What do n and l together define?
The energy level of an orbital.
The third quantum number is called?
The magnetic quantum number. symbol ml
what does the third quantum number tell us?
The orientation of the orbital in space.
Values for ml range from?
-l….+l
What does l=0
means we are looking at an s orbital.
what does the ml values tell us?
The number of orbitals in as a given sub energy level.
how many electrons can one single orbital have?
Can only have 2 electrons.
What is the fourth quantum number?
The spin quantum number. ms. The ms is independent.
what happens if 2 electrons are in a orbital of opposite spin?
The magnetic field cancel. Which is diamagnetism
What does diamagnetism?
The atom will not be attracted to an external magnet.
what is paramagnesdism?
means the orbital has 1 electron in it, there is a magnetic field. The atom will be attracted to the external magnet.
What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?
In a multi-electron atom, no two electrons can have the same set of 4 quantum numbers.
