Quantum Flashcards
Wavelength and frequency are _______ related.
inversely
All __________ waves, including visible light, travel at the speed of light, or ____________ m/s.
electromagnetic, 3.00 * 10^8 m/s
Atomic emission spectrum of an element
The set of frequencies of the electromagnetic waves emitted by atoms of the element
The distinct wavelengths that appear on hydrogen’s emission spectra are explained by ________
the different energy levels of hydrogen’s electrons
Describe the 4 quantum numbers.
PQN, SQN, m(sub)l, m(sub)s
Aufbau principle
Electrons are added to the orbitals of lowest energy first
Puali’s exclusion principle
Each orbital within a subshell can accommodate no more than two electrons and these electrons must have opposite spins
Hund’s principle
When electrons occupy orbitals of equal energy, one electron enters each orbital until all the orbitals contain one electron with parallel spins
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle
You can never know the position and momentum of a particle at a given time
Total number of electrons within a given energy level is ____
2n^2
_____ notation and _____ notation follow the aufbau sequence, while ____ notation does not
Box, noble gas, spectroscopic
In 1900, Planck stated that there is a concept called a quantum, which is _______
a minimum quantity of energy that can be emitted at any time and it exists in small, measurable packets
After hearing Planck’s Quantum Theory, Bohr proposed that electrons maintain a __________ when they move around the nucleus.
energy level
de Broglie suggested that ________
If electromagnetic waves can behave as particles, then moving particles can have wave properties
Shape of s orbital
spherical
Shape of p orbital
dumbbell shape
Shape of d orbital
cloverleaf
Shape of f orbital
doughnut shape
The photoelectric effect was coined by ____
Einstein
Photoelectric effect
When light shines on a metal, the photons collide with the electrons from the metal, ejecting these electrons
Lyman series
Anything to 1 (ultraviolet)
Balmer series
Anything to 2 (visible light)
Paschen series
(anything to 3) high IR
Brackett series
anything to 4 (mid-IR region)
Pfund series
Anything to 5 (low IR region)
Weakness of the Rydberg equation?
It only works for hydrogen
List the series of spectral lines in order.
Balmer, Lyman, Paschen, Brackett, Pfund
Planck’s constant
6.63 * 10^-34
Avogadro’s number
6.022 * 10^23
JW Dobereiner
Observed the existence of triads of similarly behaving elements
Newlands
Observed that when elements were arranged according to increasing atomic mass, every eighth element had similar properties (law of octaves)
Henry Moseley
Proposed Periodic Law, that properties of elements are based on atomic numbers, not atomic mass
Azimuthal Arrangement
s & p blocks are group A (representative elements), d block group B (transition elements), f block (inner transition elements)
as you move from left to right, what decreases?
ionic size of cations and ionic size of anions, atomic radii,
As you move from left to right, what increases?
electronegativity, electron affinity, ionization energy
What is constant as you move left and right?
shielding effect
As you move down the columns of the periodic table, what decreases?
ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity
As you move down the columns, what increases?
shielding effect, atomic radii, nuclear charge, ionic size
