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Physics Paper 1 > Quantum > Flashcards

Quantum Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the work function ?

A

minimum energy required to remove an electron from a metal’s surface
hf - Ek

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2
Q

What is the threshold frequency ?

A

minimum frequency of light to remove an electron from the metal’s surface

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3
Q

What is an isotope ?

A

an atom with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

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4
Q

What is the specific charge ?

A

Charge : mass ratio

charge/mass

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5
Q

What is the stopping potential ?

A

Vs = hf/e - φ (in eV) = Ek/e

Energy required to overcome electric potential energy

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6
Q

What is the conversion rate between eV and J ?

A

1 eV = 1.6 x 10 ^ -19 J

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7
Q

What are 2 ways electrons can be excited ?

A

Absorbing a photon
A colliding electron

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8
Q

How does the inside of fluorescent tube work ?

A
  • high voltage -> accelerates e-
  • e- collides with e- in mercury atoms -> excites them
  • photon of UV light emitted -> e- deexcites
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9
Q

How does the coating of a fluorescent tube work ?

A
  • coating absorbs the UV photon
  • excites e- -> e- cascades down energy levels emitting photons of visible light
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10
Q

What is the De Broglie wavelength ?

A
  • the wavelength of something that does not typically have wave-like properties
  • λ = h/mv
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11
Q

When does an electron behave as a particle + wave ?

A

wave : diffraction
particle : bending in a magnetic field

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12
Q

What is an anti particle?

A
  • a particle with the same mass but opposite charge as it’s counterpart
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13
Q

What is the equation for energy of an annihilation photon ?

A

1/2 (2 x rest energy + Ek of particle + Ek of antiparticle)

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14
Q

What is annihilation ?

A

When a particle meets its antiparticle, they convert mass and kinetic energy into pure energy

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15
Q

What is pair production ?

A

A photon of sufficient energy can change into a particle and antiparticle

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16
Q

What is the equation for pair production ?

A

2 (Rest energy of particle + Ek of particle)

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17
Q

What makes hadrons different from Leptons ?

A

Hadrons interact through the strong force

18
Q

What makes baryons and mesons different from each other ?

A

Baryons are made from 3 quarks

Mesons are made from a quark and an antiquark

19
Q

Which meson has strangeness ?

A

Kaons

20
Q

What is the structure for proton and antiproton ?

A

p : udu
_ _ _ _
p : udu

21
Q

what is the structure for neutron and antineutron?

A

n : dud
_ _ _ _
n : dud

22
Q

what are the properties for K+, K0 and K- ?

A

K+ : q = 1, s = 1

K0 : q = 0, s = 1

K- : q = -1, s = -1

23
Q

What is the structure for π+ π0 and π- ?

A

_
π+ : u d
_ _
π0 : d d / u u
_
π- : d u

24
Q

What are the exchange particles for EM and weak forces ?

A

EM : γ photon

W : W+ / W- boson

25
Q

What is the equation for Beta minus decay ?

A

n —> p + e- + Ve-

26
Q

What is the equation for Beta plus decay ?

A

p —> n + e+ + Ve

27
Q

What is the equation for electron capture ?

A

p + e- —> n + Ve

28
Q

What is the equation for electron proton collision ?

A

e- + p —> Ve + n

29
Q

What is the equation for neutron neutrino interaction ?

A

n + Ve —> p + e-

30
Q

What is the Feynman diagram for beta+ decay ?

A

interacting : p
exchange : W+
altered : n, e+, Ve

31
Q

What is the Feynman diagram for beta plus decay ?

A

interacting : p, Ve-
exchange : W+
altered paths : n, e-

32
Q

what is the Feynman diagram for electron capture ?

A

interacting : p, e-
exchange : W+
altered : n, Ve

33
Q

What is the Feynman diagram for electron-proton collisions?

A

interacting : e-, p
exchange : W-
altered paths : Ve, n

34
Q

What is the feynman diagram for neutron-neutrino interaction ?

A

interacting : n, Ve
exchange : W-
altered path : p, e-

35
Q

What are the fundamental forces in strength order ?

A

gravity
weak
EM
strong

36
Q

What does the strong fundamental force do ?

A

Holds together quarks

37
Q

what does the EM fundamental force do ?

A

acts on charged particles

38
Q

what does the weak fundamental force do ?

A

decay of atoms

39
Q

what does the gravity fundamental force do ?

A

attracts 2 objects, varies with mass

40
Q

When is the strong for repulsive and attractive ?

A

Attractive less than 0.5fm and repulsive 0.5 - 3.0 fm

41
Q

What will all free baryons eventually decay into ?

A

A proton

Physics Paper 1 (5 decks)

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