Quantitative Methods: Chi-squared tests & t-tests

Question 1

What test to use with proportions with more than two levels?

Answer 1

Chi-square goodness-of-fit test

Question 2

What test to use with comparing proportions across two or more groups?

Answer 2

Chi-square test of association

Question 3

What test to use with comparing a measure with a fixed value?

Answer 3

one-sample t-test

Question 4

What test to use with comparing a measure across two groups?

Answer 4

independent: two-samples t-test

paired: paired t-test

Question 5

What test to use with comparing a measure across more than two groups?

Answer 5

ANOVA

Question 6

What is the chi-squared test?

Answer 6

test of difference among categorical (nominal / ordinal) variables

Question 7

What are the 2 types of chi-squared tests?

Answer 7

• Goodness of fit
• Test of association

Question 8

What is the chi-squared goodness-of-fit test?

Answer 8

how the proportions in data fit to fixed (expected) proportions

• While the binomial test is limited to dichotomous variables (heads/tails,
  success/fail), chi-square tests can test more than two categories

Question 9

What is the chi-squared test of association?

Answer 9

how proportions of two data sets
are associated

Question 10

What is Benford’s law (aka first-digit law)?

Answer 10

The frequency of first digits of naturally occurring numerical data (prices,
populations, lengths and etc) follow a particular proportion