Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2 Biology Ellie M > Quantitative Methods > Flashcards

Quantitative Methods Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

When is an independent samples T-test used?

A

Used to determine if the mean differs significantly between 2 populations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When is a paired T-test used?

A

When samples are linked with each other e.g. heart rate before and after exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does Mann-Whitney tell us?

A

(Non-parametric) Are two independent population medians different?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does Wilcoxon signed ranks test tell us?

A

(Non-parametric) Are paired sample values different

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do ANOVA and linear regression both require to be used?

A

Normal residuals and equal variances (or sphericity for >2 levels)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What tests for normality are used?

A

Kolmogorov-Smirnov

Shapiro-Wilk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the difference between a One-way ANOVA and a Two-way ANOVA?

A

They either have one or two independent variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How to test for sphericity?

A

Use Mauchly’s test of sphericity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When do you need to test for sphericity?

A

When doing a repeated measures ANOVA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What to do if sphericity is not assumed?

A

Use Greenhouse-Geisser or Huynh-Feldt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Assumptions of regression

A
  • Residuals are normally distributed
  • Error variance of y is equal across the range of predicted y-values
  • The relationship is linear
  • No relationship between the residuals and the X and Y variables
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a Levene’s test?

A

Used to test for equality of variants before carrying out a T-test or ANOVA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Pearson’s correlation also known as?

Is it parametric or nonparametric?

A

Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient (PARAMETRIC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Pearson’s correlation?

A

Ranges from -1 (perfect negative correlation) to 1 (perfect positive correlation)
A value of 0 indicates that there is no association between variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the non-parametric version of Pearson’s correlation coefficient?

A

Spearman rank correlation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the difference between a univariate and multivariate statistical test?

A

For a univariate test, you test only a single response variable but for a multivariate test, you examine two or more response variables

17
Q

What is a One Sample T-test?

A

Tests whether or not the mean of a set of values you collected is significantly different to a fixed value

18
Q

What is the non-parametric version of the One-Sample T-test?

A

Wilcoxon matched-pair signed-tank test

19
Q

What is the non-parametric equivalent of ANOVA?

A

Kruskal-Wallis test

20
Q

What is a Bonferroni correction?

A

Carried out when you do multiple tests with a chance of getting false positives. Multiply any p-values you obtain by the number of tests you perform

21
Q

When to use linear regression?

A

If your DEPENDENT variable increases or decreases linearly with your INDEPENDENT variable

22
Q

What to do if your dependent variable doesn’t vary linearly with your independent variable

A

Transform the data or do non-linear regression

23
Q

Is the Chi squared test parametric?

A

No, so it does not make assumptions about normality or equal variances

24
Q

What is the Chi squared test used for?

A

Used for looking at counts of discrete events

25
Q

What does the Chi squared test require?

A

That all counts are independent

26
Q

What are the two ways to use the Chi squared test?

A
  1. Goodness of fit
  2. Test of association
    The difference is the way we calculate the expected values with which to compare our observations
27
Q

Chi squared goodness of fit

A

Prior knowledge of what expected ratios will be (e.g. Mendelian inheritance has known ratios of offspring)

28
Q

Chi squared test of association

A

No fixed idea about the rations of expected results - instead they are calculated based on the assumption that there is no association between the two variables

29
Q

What is R Squared?

A

The proportion of variance measured which is due to the independent variable you are changing

30
Q

What is binary logistic regression?

A

Deals with cases where you measure a binary outcome such as dead vs. alive and you want to see if a predictor influences the proportions of your two possible outcomes

31
Q

What statistic do you look at for binary logistic regression?

A

Wald statistic

32
Q

What is the non-parametric version of a repeated-measures ANOVA? What is its shortcoming?

A

Friedman test

Can’t deal with between-subjects factors

33
Q

What is Poisson probability?

A

Used to calculate the probability of n occurrences of an event when you already have a measure of the average

34
Q

What is homoscedasticity?

A

Equal variance over a range of y-values

35
Q

Does binary logistic regression assume equal variances and normally distributed residuals?

A

No

Year 2 Biology Ellie M (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions