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Clinical Chemistry > Quantitative Chemistry > Flashcards

Quantitative Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

any chemical compound or solution used in chemical analysis

A

Reagent

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2
Q

What are the different designations of chemical purity?

A
  1. Reagent/Analytical Grade
  2. USP and NF Grade
  3. Chemically Pure/Pure Grade
  4. Technical/Commercial Grade
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3
Q
  • designation that meets the specifications of the American Chemical Society
  • recommended for analytical use
  • ultra pure reagents
A

Reagent/Analytical Grade

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4
Q
  • designation that meets the specifications of the US Pharmacopeia or the National Formulary, respectively
  • indicated for impurity tolerances that not injurious to people
A

USP and NF Grade

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5
Q

True or False

the USP and NF Grade are in the interests of pharmaceutical clients and are not for chemical analysis

A

True

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6
Q
  • designation that is not considered of sufficient purity for use as reagents
  • impurity limitations and chemical preparations are not stated
A

Chemically Pure/Pure Grade

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7
Q
  • designation that is primarily used in manufacturing and never in clinical laboratories
A

Technical/Commercial Grade

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8
Q

Reagents prepared in-house should contain the following labels:

A
  • chemical identity
  • concentration
  • special handling
  • storage conditions
  • date prepared
  • expiration date (if applicable)
  • initials of technician who prepared it
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9
Q

solutions of a known concentration used to calculate the concentration of controls and patient specimens when performing clinical analysis

A

Standards

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10
Q

3 Types of Standards

A

Primary
Secondary
Reference

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11
Q

a highly purified chemical that can be measured directly to produce a substance of exact known concentration

A

Primary Standard

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12
Q

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry: degree of purity is ____

A

99.98%

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13
Q

a substance of lower purity whose concentration is determined by comparison with a primary standard

A

Secondary Standard

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14
Q

True or False

secondary standards only depend on its composition

A

False, also on the analytical reference method

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15
Q

How are secondary standards determined?

A

By assaying an aliquot of the solution using a primary standard for calibration

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16
Q

Which of the standards is most commonly used?

A

Secondary Standard

17
Q

standards developed by the National Bureau of Standards which include substances that are difficult to purify

A

Reference Standards

18
Q

Analogy
Fahrenheit: 32°
Celsius:

A

0°

19
Q

Analogy
Celsius: 100°
Fahrenheit:

A

212°

20
Q

Analogy
Kelvin: 0
Celsius:

A

-273°

21
Q

Formula for Fahrenheit

A

(°C x 9/5) +32

22
Q

Formula for Celsius

A

(°F - 32) x 5/9

23
Q

Formula for converting Celsius to Kelvin

A

°C + 273

24
Q

How is molecular weight obtained?

A

By adding the atomic weights of the component elements in their proper proportions

25
Q

an expression of concentration wherein 1 molar solution contains 1 gram molecular weight of solute per liter solution

A

Molarity

26
Q

the weight of an element of compound which will combine with or replace 1 gram of hydrogen

A

Equivalent weight

27
Q

How is equivalent weight obtained?

A

By dividing 1 gram molecular weight of the compound by its valence

28
Q

an expression of concentration wherein 1 normal contains 1 gram eq. weights per liter or mEq/mL

A

Normality

29
Q

the ratio of concentrated solution to the total solution volume

A

Dilution factor

30
Q

a multiple progressive dilutions ranging from more concentrated to less concentrated solutions

A

Serial Dilutions

31
Q

When are serial dilutions useful?

A
  • when the volume of concentrate or diluent is in short supply and needs to be minimized
  • when a number of dilutions are required
32
Q

Criteria to meet when serial dilution is made

A
  • total volume desired
  • amount of diluent/concentrate available
  • dilution factor
  • final concentration needed
  • support materials required
33
Q

the measurement of how much 1 ml of any liquid weighs; method of measuring density

A

Specific Gravity

34
Q

How is specific gravity expressed?

A

mass/volume (g/mL)

35
Q

a system established so that all quantitative measurements could be expressed in clearly defined and standardized units

A

International System of Units

Clinical Chemistry (2 decks)

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