Quality Management Terms Flashcards
Activity network diagram
These diagrams, such as the project network diagram, show the flow of the project work.
Affinity diagram
This diagram breaks down ideas, solutions, causes, and project components and groups them together with other similar ideas and components.
Benchmarking
Comparing any two similar entities to measure their performance.
Cause-and-effect diagrams
Diagrams that show the relationship between variables within a process and how those relationships may contribute to inadequate quality. The diagrams can help organize both the process and team opinions, as well as generate discussion on finding a solution to ensure quality.
Control chart
A quality control chart that maps the performance of project work over time.
Control quality
An inspection-driven process that measures work results to confirm that the project is meeting the relevant quality standards.
Cost of conformance
This is the cost associated with the monies spent to attain the expected level of quality. It is also known as the cost of quality.
Cost of nonconformance to quality
The cost associated with not satisfying quality expectations. This is also known as the cost of poor quality.
Cost-benefit analysis
A process to study the trade-offs between costs and the benefits realized from those costs.
Design of experiments
An approach that relies on statistical scenarios to determine what variables within a project will result in the best outcome.
Flowchart
A diagram illustrating how components within a system are related. Flowcharts show the relation between components, as well as help the project team determine where quality issues may be present and, once done, plan accordingly.
ISO
The abbreviation for the International Organization for Standardization. ISO is Greek for “equal,” while “International Organization for Standardization” in a different language would be abbreviated differently. The organization elected to use “ISO” for all languages.
Matrix diagram
A data analysis table that shows the strength between variables and relationships in the matrix.
Pareto diagram
A histogram that illustrates and ranks categories of failure within a project.
Quality
According to ASQ, the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills requirements.
Quality management plan
This plan defines how the project team will implement and fulfill the quality policy of the performing organization.
Rule of Seven
A component of a control chart that illustrates the results of seven measurements on one side of the mean, which is considered “out of control” in the project.
Run chart
A quality control tool that shows the results of inspection in the order in which they’ve occurred. The goal of a run chart is first to demonstrate the results of a process over time and then to use trend analysis to predict when certain trends may reemerge.
Scatter diagram
A quality control tool that tracks the relationship between two variables over time. The two variables are considered related the closer they track against a diagonal line.
Seven basic quality tools
These seven tools are used in quality planning and in quality control: cause-and-effect diagrams, flowcharts, check sheets, Pareto diagrams, histograms, control charts, and scatter diagrams.
Statistical sampling
A process of choosing a percentage of results at random. For example, a project creating a medical device may have 20 percent of all units randomly selected to check for quality.
System or process flowcharts
Flowcharts that illustrate the flow of a process through a system, such as a project change request through the change control system, or work authorization through a quality control process.
Tree diagram
Tree diagrams show the hierarchies and decomposition of a solution, an organization, or a project team.
Work performance information
The results of the project work as needed. This includes technical performance measures, project status, information on what the project has created to date, corrective actions, and performance reports.
