Quality in Healthcare

Question 1

the WHO defines health as __

Answer 1

a state of complete physical, mental, and social-wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 2

what are the 6 dimensions of healthcare quality set out by the Instiute of Medicine?

Answer 2

1. safe
2. effective
3. efficient
4. timely
5. equitable
6. patient-centered

Question 3

healthcare structure

Answer 3

the conditions/setting underwhich care is given; including the facility, equipment, qualification of practitioners, and the administration

Question 4

process measures use __

Answer 4

measure generally accepted as recommendations for clinical practice in many areas

Question 5

give an example of a process measure

Answer 5

% of pregnant people taking pre-natal vitamins

Question 6

process measure can include measures on things usually carried out by practitioner, but also others such as __ and __

Answer 6

patient and families

Question 7

instruments that assess process variables could include tools related to ___(4)

Answer 7

communication, patient knowledge, performance appraisal and quality of care

Question 8

process measures can inform __ and contribute to ___

Answer 8

patients of care they might expect for a given condition/disease.; improving health outcomes

Question 9

t/f must health care quality measures used for public reporting are process measures

Answer 9

true

Question 10

health outcomes are considered to be more __ than health processes

Answer 10

concrete/physically measured

Question 11

quality of life

Answer 11

degree of wellbeing felt by an individual or group of people

Question 12

what are the 2 components of quality of life?

Answer 12

1. physical

2. psychological

Question 13

what are the 2 approaches to measuring quality of life?

Answer 13

1. generic instruments that provide summary of HRQOL
2. specific instruments that focus on problems associated with single disease states, patient groups, or areas of function

Question 14

what are 4 drawbacks to outcome measurement?

Answer 14

1. choosing relevant outcome to measure
2. time needed to measure certain outcme
3. the difficulty to precisely measure certain outcomes such as attitude and satisfaction
4. confounding variables that contribute to outcome

Question 15

for patients, how can the 6 dimensions be simplified and explained as 3?

Answer 15

1. care that protects patient from medical errors and does not cause harm (safe)
2. care that is proven to work and gets results (effective and efficient)
3. care that is resonsive to patients needs and preferences (patient catered, timely, equitable)

Question 16

describe effectiveness in healthcare

Answer 16

providing services that are backed by evidence to be beneficial, not giving care that is likely to benefit, avoiding under/overuse

Question 17

describe efficient in healthcare

Answer 17

getting as much as we can from all resources (technical, cost-effectiveness, allocative)

Question 18

what is allocative efficiency?

Answer 18

producing and distributing things based on what people value most

Question 19

equity

Answer 19

the fair distribution of resources

Question 20

is fair always equal?

Answer 20

no

Question 21

inequities

Answer 21

bad differences

Question 22

health inequality

Answer 22

differences in health status or the distributions of health determinants between population groups

Question 23

provide an example of health inequality

Answer 23

differences in mobility between elders and young people

Question 24

what is horizontal equity?

Answer 24

equal access for equal need

Question 25

what is vertical equity?

Answer 25

greater access for greater need

Question 26

what is patient-centred care?

Answer 26

providing care that is respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences, needs, and values and ensuring that patient values guide all clinical decisions