Quality in Healthcare Flashcards
the WHO defines health as __
a state of complete physical, mental, and social-wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
what are the 6 dimensions of healthcare quality set out by the Instiute of Medicine?
- safe
- effective
- efficient
- timely
- equitable
- patient-centered
healthcare structure
the conditions/setting underwhich care is given; including the facility, equipment, qualification of practitioners, and the administration
process measures use __
measure generally accepted as recommendations for clinical practice in many areas
give an example of a process measure
% of pregnant people taking pre-natal vitamins
process measure can include measures on things usually carried out by practitioner, but also others such as __ and __
patient and families
instruments that assess process variables could include tools related to ___(4)
communication, patient knowledge, performance appraisal and quality of care
process measures can inform __ and contribute to ___
patients of care they might expect for a given condition/disease.; improving health outcomes
t/f must health care quality measures used for public reporting are process measures
true
health outcomes are considered to be more __ than health processes
concrete/physically measured
quality of life
degree of wellbeing felt by an individual or group of people
what are the 2 components of quality of life?
- physical
2. psychological
what are the 2 approaches to measuring quality of life?
- generic instruments that provide summary of HRQOL
- specific instruments that focus on problems associated with single disease states, patient groups, or areas of function
what are 4 drawbacks to outcome measurement?
- choosing relevant outcome to measure
- time needed to measure certain outcme
- the difficulty to precisely measure certain outcomes such as attitude and satisfaction
- confounding variables that contribute to outcome
for patients, how can the 6 dimensions be simplified and explained as 3?
- care that protects patient from medical errors and does not cause harm (safe)
- care that is proven to work and gets results (effective and efficient)
- care that is resonsive to patients needs and preferences (patient catered, timely, equitable)
describe effectiveness in healthcare
providing services that are backed by evidence to be beneficial, not giving care that is likely to benefit, avoiding under/overuse
describe efficient in healthcare
getting as much as we can from all resources (technical, cost-effectiveness, allocative)
what is allocative efficiency?
producing and distributing things based on what people value most
equity
the fair distribution of resources
is fair always equal?
no
inequities
bad differences
health inequality
differences in health status or the distributions of health determinants between population groups
provide an example of health inequality
differences in mobility between elders and young people
what is horizontal equity?
equal access for equal need
what is vertical equity?
greater access for greater need
what is patient-centred care?
providing care that is respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences, needs, and values and ensuring that patient values guide all clinical decisions
