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QAQC > Quality Control Program for Radiographic Units > Flashcards

Quality Control Program for Radiographic Units Flashcards

1
Q

Quality Control Program for Radiographic Units

A
  • Visual inspection
  • Environmental inspection
  • Performance testing
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2
Q

It includes checking the main components of the equipment for the proper function, mechanical condition and safety.

A

Visual Inspection

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3
Q

Visual Inspection should be performed

A

at least annually using a checklist

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4
Q

Visual Inspection should include:

A
  • Control panel
  • Overhead tube crane
  • Radiographic table
  • Protective lead apparel
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5
Q

Contains all the selectors for the production of X-ray and the various meters.

A

Control Panel

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6
Q

Inspection (for control panel) should include:

A
  • Tube heat sensor
  • Overload protection indicator
  • Panel lights, meters and switches
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7
Q

Inspection (for control panel) should also ensure the

A

proper view of the exposure room,
correct exposure switch placement and
presence of an up-to-date technique chart.

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8
Q

Mounting bracket that holds the x-ray tube over the x-ray table.

A

Overhead Tube Crane

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9
Q

Evaluation (for overhead tube crane) should include:

A
  • Condition of the high-voltage cable and other wires
  • Condition of the cable brackets, clamps, or tie downs
  • Stability of the system
  • Proper movement
  • SID and angulation indicator function
  • Lock function
  • Bucky center light
  • Collimator light
  • Interlock system
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10
Q

Radiographic table should be kept ___ and ____.

A

clean

safe

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11
Q

Items to inspect for radiographic table

A
  • Surface condition and cleanliness of table top
  • Angulation switches and indicator
  • Bucky tray and cassette locks
  • Stability
  • Condition of footboard and shoulder braces if any.
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12
Q

Protective Lead Apparel should be viewed

A

radiographed

or fluoroscopically

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13
Q

Protective Lead Apparel should check ____

A

upon acceptance

and every six months

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14
Q

Miscellaneous Equipment

A
  • Presence of caliper
  • Technique Chart
  • Cleanliness of positioning devices and accessories
  • Integrity of step tools and intravenous stands
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15
Q

Involves checking for mechanical and electrical safety.

A

Environmental Inspection

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16
Q

Environmental Inspection should be performed

A

annually

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17
Q

Environmental Inspection includes evaluation and checking of

A
  • the conditions of X-ray tube high tension cables
  • the covering on the outside of the cables
  • Discoloration of outside insulation
  • Mechanical condition of the X-ray tube counterweights and tracks
  • Grounding of all equipment
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18
Q

Proper lubrication of moving parts should be provided

A

during inspection

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19
Q

Evaluates the performance of the x-ray generator and x-ray tube.

A

Performance Testing

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20
Q

Much of the data obtained in performance testing includes

A

radiation measurement

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21
Q

There are three types of detector used:

A

Ion chamber
Proportional counters
Geiger Mueller counter

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22
Q

useful for measuring X-ray

A

Ion chamber

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23
Q

measures small quantities of radioactive material

A

Proportional counters

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24
Q

often used for contamination control.

A

Geiger Mueller counter

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25
Q

The value obtained from the radiation detector is the radiation intensity measured in

A

Roentgen (R) or

the SI unit coulomb/kilogram (C/kg)

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26
Q

Any x-ray generator should produce the same intensity of radiation each time the same set of technical factors are used to make an exposure.

A

Reproducibility of Exposure

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27
Q

Maximum variability allowed in reproducibility of exposure is

A

±5%

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28
Q

Evaluation of reproducibility variance requires a

A

dosimeter

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29
Q

Similar type of X-ray generators and tube should emit the same amount of radiation per unit of X-ray tube current and time (mAs).

A

Radiation Output

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30
Q

Amount of radiation is measured in

A

R or C/kg

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31
Q

Unit of x-ray tube current and time is

32
Q

Similar types of x-ray generators should emit

A

the same mR/mAs value

33
Q

The original mR/mAs value can be obtained

A

upon acceptance of the unit or

at the start of the QC program.

34
Q

necessary to remove low-energy photons from the x-ray beam

A

Proper filtration

35
Q

Filtration check should be performed

A

upon acceptance
then annually or
whenever service is performed on the collimator or the x-ray tube

36
Q

The best method to determine presence of adequate filtration is

A

the Half Value Layer (HVL)

37
Q

the thickness of the material at which theintensityofradiationentering it is reduced by one half

A

half-value thickness

38
Q

HVL should not vary from ______ established during acceptance or at the beginning of quality control program

A

its original value

39
Q

has a significant effect on image contrast and image density including patient dose

A

Tube voltage

40
Q

The kVp stated on the control panel should produce an x-ray beam with comparable and consistent amount of energy.

A

kVp accuracy

41
Q

Variation for kVp accuracy should be within

42
Q

Instrument used for kVp accuracy

A

Digital kVp meter or specialized test cassette such as the Wisconsin Test Cassette can be used.

43
Q

Exposure time directly affects the total quantity of radiation emitted from the X-ray tube.

A

Timer accuracy

44
Q

The variability for timer accuracy allowed is

A

±5% for exposure times >10ms

and ±20% for exposures <10ms

45
Q

Timer accuracy should be determined

A

upon acceptance and annually thereafter

46
Q

Timer accuracy should be measured with the use of

A

digital X-ray timer,
manual spinning top (for single phase power) or
motor driven spinning top (for three phase or high frequency generator).

47
Q

Waveform when displayed using oscilloscope screen can give considerable information:

A
  • Timer accuracy
  • Rectifier malfunction
  • Loading characteristics
  • Contactor or switching problem
  • High voltage cable or connector arching
48
Q

can be hooked up electronically to specific areas of the generator or it can be attached to commercially available X-ray output detector

A

Oscilloscope

49
Q

The mA selector is used to regulate the tube filament temperature , which along with the exposure time, determines the quantity of x-ray photons.

A

mA and Exposure Time Linearity and Reciprocity

50
Q

Refers to the same output of the X-ray tube when the same mAs is selected even at different combinations of mA and exposure time as long as the kVp is kept constant

A

Reciprocity

51
Q

Any variation in reciprocity must be within

52
Q

Means that the sequential increase in mAs should produce the same sequential increase in the exposure measured.

53
Q

Variation in linearity should be kept within

54
Q

The area of the anode that is bombarded by projectile electrons.

A

Focal spot size

55
Q

When focal spot size increases with age, use and with increases in mA station selected this is known as _____

A

focal spot blooming

56
Q

A ________ can be used to evaluate blooming.

A

pinhole camera or

a focal spot test tool

57
Q

Responsible for regulating the size of the x-ray field area

A

Collimator (Beam Restricting System)

58
Q

Plays a significant role in the reduction of patient dosage.

A

Beam Restricting System

59
Q

Performance test for beam restricting system should be done

A

twice a year.

60
Q

Following should be evaluated for beam restricting system

A

Light field – Radiation field congruence
Image receptor – radiation field alignment
Accuracy of X - Y scale
Illuminator bulb brightness.

61
Q

It measures how well the collimator regulates the field size and if the area illuminated by the positioning light and the area exposed by x-rays are the same.

A

Light Field – Radiation Field Congruence

62
Q

Congruence must be within ____ of the source-image distance.

63
Q

Evaluation for Light Field – Radiation Field Congruence can be performed with the use of ______

A

collimator test tool or the eight penny test

64
Q

This is performed for equipment with positive beam limiting device or automatic collimation

A

Image Receptor – Radiation Field Alignment

65
Q

Congruence for Image Receptor – Radiation Field Alignment must be within

A

±3% of the source-image distance.

66
Q

This measures the accuracy of the collimator dials to the size of the X and Y dimensions of the x-ray field during manual collimation

A

Accuracy of the X-Y Scales

67
Q

The illumination of the light source must be _______

A

at least 15 ft-c (160 lux) when measured at 100 cm (40 inch) distance.

68
Q

Tool used for the evaluation of Illuminator bulb brightness

A

photometer

69
Q

The x-ray beam must be mounted properly in its metal housing and aligned to the Bucky tray.

A

Beam Alignment

70
Q

Items to evaluate for beam alignment in this category include

A

perpendicularity and

x-ray beam – Bucky tray alignment

71
Q

beam alignment should be done

A

upon acceptance and

then annually with the beam alignment test tool.

72
Q

X-ray beam should be limited to 1 degree of perpendicularity

A

perpendicularity

73
Q

The center of the Bucky tray and the center of the x-ray beam must be aligned to avoid clipping important anatomy and to avoid grid cutoff.

A

X-ray Beam – Bucky Tray Alignment or CR Congruency

74
Q

X-ray Beam – Bucky Tray Alignment or CR Congruency must be within

A

1% of the SID

75
Q

The SID indicator must be installed so that it is accurate within

A

± 2% of the SID

76
Q

SID indicator must be done upon

A

acceptance and

then annually thereafter

QAQC (1 decks)

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