Quality Flashcards
Appraisal Costs
To find defects or errors in the product.
- Testing
- Audits
- Inspections
- Sprint Reviews
Prevention Costs
To prevent future defects or errors in the product.
- Training staff
- Creating models to review
- Updating processes or equipment
- Refactoring code
Internal Failure Costs
When an error or ‘non conformance’ actually happens. This occurs when the product fails internally, usually due to resting or review.
External Failure Costs
When an error or non conformance in the product reaches the end customer. Customer being external to the project or organization.
Cause and Effect Diagram (fishbone/Ishikawa)
Breaks down the cause of an identified problem in to specific buckets, which helps identify the main or root cause. These are fish bone diagrams.
Head of the ‘fish’ is the problem or opportunity. The most common buckets are (PIPS):
- People
- Information
- Process
- System
Histograms
To present a count of something, like defects, sales calls, or returns. It is presented as a bar chart.
Pareto Chart (20/80)
A diagram that sorts the items from most occurring to least occurring. and showing a cumulative percentage of the items. The idea is: 20% of the items will account for 80% of the results.
Inspections
Examines a product: the outcome or result of a project or piece of work to ensure it meets documented standards. May be done by:
- sprint review
- peer review
- walkthroughs
Audits
An audit checks that the project process and activities comply with organizational policies. It is usually conducted by an external team to the project. It will help identify or advise on best practices.
Checklist
A checklist is a list of items, actions or pointed to be discussed. Checklists are often used as a process reminder.
Check Sheets
Check sheets are known as tally sheets. They are used to gather data, such as the number of times a defect occurs. Things are checked off as they occur.
