Qualitative Studies

Question 1

What are characteristics of quantitative studies?

Answer 1

TEST hypothesis- casual relations

Desighs- RTC, case-control

Sampling- random selected; sample size critical

Methods- procedures controlled

Data- quantifiable stat analysis

Question 2

What are characteristics of qualitative studies?

Answer 2

GENERATE hypothesis- life experiences

Designs- ethnographic, phenom, ground theory

Sampling- chosen for specific purpose; small sample/determined by question

Methods- interviews, focus groups, etc

Data- descriptions of personal experiences, field notes, etc.
NO NUMBERS

Question 3

How do you appriase Applicability of qualitative studies?

Answer 3

Will you care about stated purpose/insight experience for your patients?

Question 4

What are the 8 big factors making up Internal Validity of qualitative appraisals?

Answer 4

1. Qualitative study Appropriate?
2. Design?
   - phenom, ethno, grounded
3. Sampling method? Described well?
   - types: purposive, snowball, convenience
4. Data collection methods?
5. Analysis minimize bias?
6. Participant/researchers relationship?
7. Results Credible?
   Wha
8. Transferable to Practice?

Question 5

What are the different TYPES of Qualitative study designs?

Answer 5

Phemoenology: observe/understand experience
ex- embodied experiences of depression

Ethnology: understanding specific culteral groups
ex- HIV and aging in african american women

Grounded Theory: develop/test theory about life
ex: living with electric chair implications

Question 6

What are the possible sampling METHODS of qualitative studies?

Answer 6

Purposive: recruit participants purposely to meet critera
ex: saturation- recruit people until stories are repetative

Snowball: ask participants to recruit others who have same experiences

Convenience: recruit participants based on who’s available

Question 7

What are the 5 questions to ask when assessing the SAMPLING METHOD of qualitative studies?

Answer 7

1. Type
2. Useful range of individuals?
3. Characteristics of subjects defined?
4. Explanation of refusals to participate?
5. Reasonable sample size?

Question 8

What are the 5 questions to ask reguarding DATA collection METHODS?

Answer 8

1. Detail provided: described in detail?
2. More than 1 souce? triangulation
3. Verifiable/reliable? audiotape, videotape, field notes
4. Observation in range of circumstances?
5. Coding: how words turned into data
   Triangulation: look at topic from diff perspective- participants (mothers, kids, etc.) or observers (professionals)

Question 9

What 4 questions do you consider for determing if there was minimal analysis BIAS?

Answer 9

1. More than one researcher? what methods to resolve differences
2. Addressed negative/discrepant results?
3. How were themes derived?
4. Analysis terms used?
   Member checking: getting participant feedback via original data/analysis
   Themes: researcher generated categories to summarize findings

Question 10

What 3 questions do you ask when determining the RELATIONSHIP between researcher and participants?

Answer 10

1. Perspective/bias exist? Did they report/explain?
   - researcher critically examines own role
2. Where was data collected? Clear where and WHY setting used
3. How was research explained to patients

Question 11

What 3 questions do you consider when determining if the RESULTS were CREDIBLE?

Answer 11

1. Direct quotes used?
   - or other raw data to support themes
2. Source of quotes clear?
   - which participant said what
3. Themes plausible and coherent?