Qualitative Research Flashcards
Why are qualitative methods used
. Little known about a subject . Can't be meaningfully measured . In depth data . Holistic . Emic
What is constructivism
. Believe we construct our social worlds
. We invent reality and property of our world
What is interpretation
. We Interoperate events differently
How is data collected in qualitative data
. Interviews
. Observation
What are qualitative methodology
Ethnography
Phenomenology
Grounded theory
What is ethnography
. Study of culture
What is phenomenology
. Study of phenomena, lived experience of individuals
What is grounded theory
. Specific set of methods to generate a theory
What is a snowball sample
Asking ps for similar ps
What is purposive sampling
. Maximum variation sampling
. Most informative
What guides sample size in qualitative research
. Data saturation
What is qualitative research
Research which doesn’t measure, but is interested in individuals social worlds
What are the methods of data collection (2)
. Observation
. Interview
How can you record observations
. Audio
. Notes
What is a bonus of active listening in an interview
. Encourage convo and long answers
. No judgement passed
. Use of probes for more detail
What are the two types of interview questions
. Introducing questions
. Probes
What are strengths of focus group interviews
. Useful for sensitive topics
. Good for discussion
What’s he purpose in analysing qualitative data
. To reduce data and impose order
. Develop theory
. Develop hypotheses
How is qualitative data analysed
. Counting e.g no of times something said
. Rigorous and honestly
. Quasi counting e.g most ps said
What are challenges for qualitative researchers analysing data
. No rules
. No statistical package to do it for you
. Makes qual data difficult to describe
. Labour intensive
. Hard to present
. Can lose meaning if summarised too much
What is thermatic content analysis
. Go through line by line looking for common themes
. Themed that cop up are commonalities
What is framework analysis
. Take a framework to the data and put the data into categories
. Framework can come from pre-existing theory or initial thermatic analysis
Why are qualitative studies accused of lacking rigour
. Small sample sizes and lack of clarity in data collections nod analysis.
. Position in the hierarchy of evidence
Terms to assess quality of qual subdued
. Rigour (trustworthy) . Reliability (dependability) . Internal validity (credibility) . Generalisability (transferability) . Objectivity (confirm ability)
What is trustworthiness
. Methodological soundness and adequacy
. Dependability
. Audit trial?
How does a researcher ensure trustworthiness
. Member checking
. Check researchers interpretation
. Give ps a chance to challenge researcher idea
. Avoid misrepresentation of words or ideas
What are negative cases of rival explanation
. Identification of data that Buck trend
. Don’t fit explanations or challenge themes
. Researcher has to ask why and consider revising their interpretation
What is peer review
Asking another researcher to analyse
What is triangulation
Examining a topic from different perspectives
What is data triangulation
Different groups and times and settings
What is methodological triangulation
Two or more method
What is reflexivity
. Bring own biography to the research
. Reflect on pre conceptions, our own actions and feelings
What are the 10 CASP questions
. Clear statement of aims?
. Qualitative method appropriate ?
. Research design appropriate to address aims
. Recruitment strategy appropriate to aims?
. Data collected in a way which addressed issue?
Relationship between researcher and ps adequately considered?
. Ethical issue taken into consideration?
. Data analysis sufficiently rigorous?
. Clear statement of findings?
. How valuable is the research?
