Qualitative Lectures Flashcards
Realist
Researcher uncovers facts that exist in the world
Collection of data
Qualitative is not always…
Interpretive (existing records and diaries)
Focused on lived experience (archives)
democratic, humanistic and free
Humans studying other humans is ………. Science?
Human science
Gathering empiracle evidence is ………. Science?
Natural science
Researchers cannot be independent of the study
Human science
…….. Science studies factors which are Measurable in some quantity
Natural science
The aim of ……. Science is to discover generalisable principles
Natural science
The aim of …… Science is to generate new theories
Human science
Positivism
Research in which there are predictions, manipulations and controls
Human science is reflexive….
Considers the role in generating and analysing material and how phenomena may already be a social construct
Inductive nature of human science…..
Generation of small scale local theory from observations
NOT hypothesis
Human science is situated….
Pays attention to the context in which the data was collected. Has this in mind in analysis
Types of interview
Semi structured Structured Unstructured Telephone Narrative
NOT formal
Developing theories grounded in the data
Grounded theory
Verbal exchanges between people, a system of ideas and how they are constructed in language
Discourse analysis
The structure, order and pattern of verbal interactions
Conversation analysis
To generate a theory
Grounded theory
Highlight social influence
Discourse Analysis
Examine structure of verbal interaction
Conversation analysis
Understanding individual experiences
Thematic analysis
–> IPA
Phenomenology
The study of human experience and the way it is perceived
IPA stages
1) coding
2) themes
3) clusters
4) table and write up
Stages of grounded theory
Codes- identify key points
Concepts- group similar codes
Categories- broad groups of similar concepts to generate a theory
Theory- collection of explanations for RQ
Define epistemology
Theories of knowledge
Determines how we approach research
Ie. realist or relativist
When to use interviews ….?
Hypothesis generation
When it’s a complex topic and not easily quantifiable
Exploring experience
Exploring quantitative data
How are interviews evolving
To use more creative methods
Data saturation
When participants start to tell you the same things over and over…. Stop interviewing!!
What properties should interview questions have?
Answerable Non-leading Direct Open Descriptive (ask to describe feelings and experiences)
Benefits of focus groups
Fast a data extraction
Enhanced responses via interactions between participants
Reduced inhibitions
Gives ideas about discourse
Disadvantages of focus groups
Weaker members overpowered- power
Conflict in the group
Ethical issues with interviews
Informed consent Children Who really owns the data and interpretation Anonymity- identifiable events Safety Data protection Sensitive topics
Interview/ qualitative data may be generalised when…
The interaction all context of the data is well understood
If there’s psychological integrity in themes which remain constant even when the story is different.
Reflexivity
The way in which the researcher influenced the findings
…promotes transparency
Qualitative values
Understanding Subjectivity Interpretation Depth at an individual level Ideography
Steps taken to increase objectivity and control of quantitative data
Reduce bias and experimenter effects
Standardise ptp subjectivity using scales
Independent researcher
WHEREAS qualitative data values subjectivity as a part of the data
The type of research conducted to bring about change
Action research
Free people from constraints
Ie. Feminist perspective
Racialized discourse
Queer theory
Qualitative vulnerabilities
Limits of language- can’t always effectively express what we really mean
Lots of ways of speaking about something
Personal account are too unique to generalise (but can identify patterns)
Context bound- difficult to generalise
Relativist
Researcher and participant co-construct data
Facts are mediated by human understanding
Generation of data
