Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Data Collection Analysis > Qualitative Exam > Flashcards

Qualitative Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Positivism

A

Assume that reality exists and it’s observable, stable, and measurable. Knowledge from this is labeled scientific and includes laws. Knowledge is relative not absolute, but can distinguish between more and less plausible claims

find and capture the answer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

An essential part of qualitative inquiry is understanding

A

experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Research

A

investigating something in a systematic manner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

basic research

A

motivated by intellectual interest, goal: knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

applied research

A

improve the quality of practice of particular discipline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

data

A

collected information to be analyzed

information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Qualitative

A

understanding the meaning people have constructed, understanding experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Quantitative

A

numbers and statistics, more objective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Primary essence of qualitative research, i.e. what it’s “after”

A

Understanding the human experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

5 Characteristics of qualitative research

A
  • focus on meaning and understanding
  • researcher is the primary instrument for data collection and analysis
  • the process is inductive
  • the product is richly descriptive
  • other - tolerance for ambiguity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Focus on meaning and understanding

A

how people interpret their experiences and how they construct their worlds, what meaning they attribute to experiences. Their perspective, not the researcher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The researcher is the primary instrument for data collection and analysis

A

researchers can expand understanding through nonverbal or verbal communication, clarifying and summarizing. Sometimes there is bias, want to eliminate those

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The process is inductive

A

Researchers gather data to build concepts, hypotheses, or theories rather than testing hypotheses. Build toward theory from observing and understanding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The product is richly descriptive

A

words and pictures are used rather than numbers. Data in form of quotes, videos, pictures, notes used to support findings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Common Qualitative Research Designs

A

basic
ethnography
phenomenology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Basic qualitative inquiry

A

Understanding phenomena through examination of individuals experience through stories, not narratives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ethnography

A

Cultural, spending time with a group being studied.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Phenomenology

A

Focus on the experience itself and how the experience is transformed into consciousness. Interested in the lived experience. Events that link people together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ways to collect data with basic

A

focus group, interviews

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ways to collect data with ethnography

A

observation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ways to collect data with phenomenology

A

In-depth interviews

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

the basic idea of mixed methods research

A

Combines qualitative and quantitative methods to gain deeper understanding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Convergent

A

same time, simultaneous - compare findings from each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Explanatory

A

quant then qual - quant provides the what and qual provides the how, deeper understanding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Exploratory

A

qual then quant - when little is known about population or subject, qualitative data used to explore in order create survey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Sampling

A

how we are identifying a large group of people from whom we could potentially invite (ex. Apartment complex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Recruitment

A

invitation to people to get them to participate - call, send letter, ask face to face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Purposeful sample

A

we almost always use purposeful sampling in qualitative - intentionally selecting participants based on their characteristics, experiences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How many to sample

A

saturation - When no new information is forthcoming from new sampled units, so there is redundancy. When you start hearing the same responses or seeing the same behaviors, no new insights. Must engage in analysis along with data collection. Analysis should be done with data collection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

types of purposeful sampling

A

typical
unique
maximum variation
convenience
snowball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

typical

A

trying to define what an average is. Picking sites that are not unique, or people who are profiled as the average.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

unique

A

Rare or unique occurrences of phenomenon of interest. Interested in them because they are unique. Generally have access to talk to them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

maximum variation

A

Seeking out the widest possible range of the characteristics of interest for the study. Intentionally introducing variation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

convenience

A

Select sample based on time, availability, ect. Beginning with your own friends.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Snowball

A

Most common purposeful sampling. Locating key participants and ask them to refer you to other participants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Selecting a topics

A

Look at your daily life, what are you curious about? What do you not understand?
Other sources: literature
Theory
Most often from observing and asking questions about everyday activities
Social and political issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

research problem

A

Question that challenges the mind
From what you are curious about, the problem statement
Not what the problem is, what the study will do

37
Q

Lit review

A

Is there literature on the topic?
Question takes to to literature which sends you to looking at the phenomenon
If you don’t review, you might duplicate study, repeat others mistakes
Goal is to contribute knowledge

38
Q

Sampling

A

probably
non probability

39
Q

Probability

A

generalize results from sample to population which it was drawn

40
Q

Non Probability

A

method of choice to solve qualitative problems - purposeful

41
Q

When is interviewing particularly useful?

A

When you can’t observe behavior, past events, intensive case studies of a few individuals.

42
Q

How many people in a focus group?

A

6-8 or 6-10

43
Q

When a focus group is a poor choice

A

Sensitive
Highly personal
Culturally inappropriate

44
Q

Asking good Q’s § — Know the 6 general types

A

experience and behavior questions
opinions and values questions
feelings questions
knowledge questions
sensory questions
background/demorgraphic

45
Q

Experience and behavior questions

A

things a person did, behavior, action - typical day?

46
Q

Opinion and values questions

A

What they think about something

47
Q

feelings questions

A

Tap dimension of human life, how do you feel about - adjective response

48
Q

Knowledge questions

A

Factual knowledge about a situation

49
Q

sensory questions

A

Similar to experience, but try to get more specific data about what was seen, heard, touched, ect

50
Q

Background/demographic

A

Age, education, ect - information as relevant to research study

51
Q

The 4 “eliciting” types of questions

A

hypothetical
devils advocate
ideal position
interpretive

52
Q

Hypothetical questions

A

what they might do, what it might be like in situation

53
Q

Devil’s advocate question

A

consider opposing view to a situation

54
Q

Ideal position questions

A

describe an ideal situation

54
Q

Interpretive questions

A

researcher advances explanations or what the respondent has been saying and asks for a reaction

55
Q

Questions to Avoid

A

Multiple questions
Leading questions
Yes or no questions/ categorical

56
Q

Recording & Transcribing (3 ways)

A

Audio record the interview
Take notes
Write down what you can remember shortly after

57
Q

Types of interview

A

structured
semi-structured unstructured

58
Q

structured

A

predetermined wording, order

59
Q

semistructured

A

mix or structures, flexible, explore, no order

60
Q

unstructured

A

open ended, flexible, learning from interview

61
Q

Observations

A

take place where the phenomenon naturally occurs, observation represents firsthand encounter

62
Q

Interviews

A

Secondhand account of the world obtained in an interview

63
Q

analyzing

A

more than one way to make observations, describe it in writing, looking for pieces that aren’t there, find themes

64
Q

Text based analyzing

A

categorize themes, patterns, meaning

65
Q

Why use observations?

A

Natural setting & no recall required

66
Q

What to observe

A

The physical setting - environment, context, space allocated
Participants - who, how many, roles, unexpected
Activities and Interactions - what is going on? Norms or structure
Conversation - content of conversation? Who to whom?
Subtle factors - unplanned activities, symbolic meaning, nonverbal cues, what doesn’t happen
Your own behavior - how is your role affecting behavior

67
Q

data can be mined from….

A

virtually anywhere!

68
Q

the basic process for open thematic coding QDA

A

Familiarize with data (familiarize and organize data)
Identify units
Group units
Reconsider groupings - name and operationally define themes
Prepare for reporting

69
Q

Coding

A

Assigning a shorthand designation to various aspects of your data so you can easily retrieve specific pieces of the data

70
Q

Computer software

A

manage data with system designed for qualitative research - make sure it doesn’t get lost

70
Q

the goal of data analysis?

A

to make sense out of data

71
Q

Step-by-step process of analysis

A

categories
sorting data into cats
naming the categories

72
Q

category construction:

A

notes, comments, observations in margins

73
Q

sorting to categories and data

A

compiling notes, renaming categories to reflect the data, creating subcategories. Sorting everything to their category

74
Q

naming the categories

A

name the theme from you, participants words or outside sources. Borrowed classifications creates bias

75
Q

Trustworthiness/rigor

A

Show that research is trustworthy within the limitations it has

76
Q

Reliability

A

extent to which findings can be replicated

77
Q

internal validity

A

how research findings match reality, congruent with reality

78
Q

external validity

A

extent to which findings can be applied to other situations, how generalizable the results are for the study

79
Q

credibility

A

member check, peer review, triangulation

80
Q

transferability

A

how much could be taken and used somewhere else

81
Q

Consistency

A

applying standardized approaches to data across the study

82
Q

tolerance for ambiguity

A

it’s okay if it’s vague, might not be a straight answer because you’re asking about experience not a number

83
Q

your own epistemology - baggage you bring with you

A

the questions you ask construct the results

84
Q

study identity

A

epistemology - baggage
methods - how you get data
theory - formal theory and school of thought

85
Q

key feature about focus groups

A

-Make sure to ask good questions such as: experience, feelings, background, values, sensory, and knowledge.

86
Q

focus group size problems

A

too big - partition
too small - isolate people

87
Q

data units

A

Smallest, yet most helpful for your objective

Data Collection Analysis (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions