Qualitative and Quantitative Research Flashcards
acronym for the four main sections of scientific paper
IMRAD/IMRD
IMRD stands for?
- introduction
- methods
- results
- discussion
to test a hypothesis or theory
IN TERMS OF OBJECTIVES
Quantitative
measures problem using rating scale and other research parameters
IN TERMS OF OBJECTIVES
Quantitative
it aims to create a new theory based on the gathered data
IN TERMS OF OBJECTIVES
Qualitative
used to gain understanding of individual differences in terms of feelings and experiences
IN TERMS OF OBJECTIVES
Qualitative
measures out a certain phenomenon using numbers, scales, calculations, computations, hypotheses, and other statistical tools
IN TERMS OF DATA DESCRIPTION
Quantitative
making stories out a certain phenomenon
IN TERMS OF DATA DESCRIPTION
Qualitative
natural setting
IN TERMS OF DATA DESCRIPTION
Qualitative
large sample representatives of population
IN TERMS OF SAMPLE SIZE
Quantitative
small judgement sampling
IN TERMS OF SAMPLE SIZE
Qualitative
standardize or structured
IN TERMS OF DATA GATHERING
Quantitative
uses consensus, survey, questionnaires, checklist, and experimentation
IN TERMS OF DATA GATHERING
Quantitative
uses close-ended questions
IN TERMS OF DATA GATHERING
Quantitative
unstructured or semi structured
IN TERMS OF DATA GATHERING
Qualitative
uses interviews, open-ended questions
IN TERMS OF DATA GATHERING
Qualitative
deductive - starts with a hypothesis or existing theory then tested against observations
IN TERMS OF ACTIVITIES
Quantitative
starts with a hypothesis or existing theory then tested against observations
deductive
specific to general
Deductive
inductive - starts with the observations, gather all exact details, and generalize or make a new theory
IN TERMS OF ACTIVITIES
Qualitative
starts with the observations, gather all exact details, and generalize or make a new theory
inductive
general to specific
Inductive
SIMILARITIES
- process of inquiry and investigation
- improve life and help understanding different issues of live and in giving solutions
- start with a problem and end with a new problem
- use textual forms in analyzing and interpretation of data
- use inductive and deductive methods of presenting data
KINDS OF RESEARCH ACROSS FIELDS
- Art-based Research
- Research in Humanities
- Sports Research
- Science Research
- Mathematics Research
- Agriculture Research
- Fisheries Research
- Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Research
- Business Research
- Social Science Research
use of personal expression in various art forms as a primary mode inquiry
Art-based Research
may include the artistic expression of others
Art-based Research
Example: “The Role of Arts in Student Achievement in Reading”
Art-based Research
designed to explore human culture (philosophy, religion, literature, linguistics, and history)
Research in Humanities
included languages, geography politics, law, and other social sciences
Research in Humanities
Example: “Values Education in Public Schools: Practices and Challenges”
Research in Humanities
intended to help athletes to reach and sustain their health and wellness goals through proven high-quality products
Sports Research
helps to access information and apply them to develop programs and techniques in sports to enhance performance
Sports Research
Example: “The Impact of Sports Activities on the Self-Efficacy of Students”
Sports Research
designed to discover laws and theories that can explain natural or social phenomena
Science Research
applies systematic and constructed scientific method to obtain, analyze, and interpret data
Science Research
a fundamental part is a strong and testable hypothesis
Science Research
Example: “Making of COVID-19 Cure of of Heat Transfer”
Science Research
provides mastery topics and helps develop confidence and interest to solve mathematical problems
Mathematics Research
enhance critical and logical thinking and also assist to find new methods to simplify calculations
Mathematics Research
Example: “A Systemic Approach to Changing Classroom Practices for Enhancing Mathematics Outcomes”
Mathematics Research
aim to improve productivity and quality of crops by genetic improvement, better plant protection, irrigation, storage methods, farm mechanization, efficient marketing, and better management of agriculture resources
Agriculture Research
Example: “Modern Farming Methods: Changing the Face of Agriculture”
Agriculture Research
increase the productivity and management of fishery resources to provide food
Fisheries Research
help management authorities to protect and maintain different bodies of water for sustainable supply of aquatic resources
Fisheries Research
Example: “Vulnerability of Inland and Coastal Aquaculture to Climate Change”
Fisheries Research
aim to adapt current technological advancements which enhances the development of resources
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Research
designed to ease knowledge gathering process and enhance resource-development
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Research
Example: “Role of Computers in Digital Forensics”
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Research
designed to acquire information to maximize sales and profit
Business Research
helps business to determine which product or service is most profitable or in demand
Business Research
Example: “Financial Literacy, Spending Practice and Performance of Teachers”
Business Research
finds reason for human behavior by gathering information
Social Science Research
it can change the already accepted principles through its new research methodologies and findings
Social Science Research
Example: “The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Employment Opportunities”
Social Science Research
