Qualitative

Question 1

What is the definition of qualitative data?

Answer 1

Answer questions about experiences, meaning and perspective from the standpoint of the participant

Question 2

What are the different things qualitative data can help us understand?

Answer 2

Condition
Experience
Event
Attitudes
Behaviours

Question 3

What is phenomenology?

Answer 3

Explores the central, underlying meaning of an experience or phenomenon from the individuals experience

Question 4

What is ethnography?

Answer 4

To develop a rich, thick description that allows a deeper understanding of experiences within a particular group

Question 5

What is narrative research?

Answer 5

To collect and analyse peoples accounts to describe their experiences and retell their story

Question 6

What are case studies?

Answer 6

To collect data about a specific phenomenon within its real-life context

Question 7

What is grounded theory?

Answer 7

Data is systematically collected and analysed to try and understand social processes
Developing a theory

Question 8

What is the sample sizes range?

Answer 8

2 - 20+

Question 9

What is data saturation?

Answer 9

Point in the research process when no new information is discovered. Signals that the data collecting can stop

Question 10

What is non-probability sampling?

Answer 10

DOES NOT involve random selection, are recruited based off of accessibility and convenience

Question 11

What type of sampling do we use in qualitative research?

Answer 11

Non-probibility

Question 12

What are the 5 examples of non-probability sampling?

Answer 12

Convenience
Volunteer
Snowball
Quota
Purposive

Question 13

What is convenience sampling?

Answer 13

Where the researcher gather participants based off whoever they can find in a particular location

Question 14

What are the strengths of convenience sampling?
What are the limitations

Answer 14

East, no cost
Geographical bias, may miss hard to reach individuals

Question 15

What is volunteer sampling?

Answer 15

People volunteer to take part by contacting the researcher after seeing an advert

Question 16

What are the strengths and limitations of volunteer sampling?

Answer 16

East, minimal effort
Bias as the people who volunteer are likely going to be interested in the topic

Question 17

What is snowball sampling?

Answer 17

Participants are recruited through other participants by referring

Question 18

What are the strengths to snowball sampling?

Answer 18

Can access hard to reach participants
Useful when the searcher does not have the contact details of potential participants

Question 19

What is quota sampling?

Answer 19

Choose a sample according to specific traits or demographics that reflect the make up of the population

Question 20

What are the strengths of quota sampling?

Answer 20

Allows representation of sub-groups

Question 21

What is purposive sampling?

Answer 21

Chooses participant that are relevant to the particular phenomenon their researching

Question 22

What are the strengths of purposive sampling?

Answer 22

Attempts to create a representative sample of a certain group

Question 23

What are some NO-NOs in research?

Answer 23

Lack of consent
Lack of confidentiality
Forced participation
Deception

Question 24

What are the 5 data collection methods?

Answer 24

Interviews, focus groups, participant observations, content analysis and photography, poetry and art

Question 25

What is an interview?

Answer 25

Conversation with a purpose. Flexible and adaptable

Question 26

What is an un- structured interview?

Answer 26

One or two main issues are covered in great depth More questions are based on what the participants says

Question 27

What is a semi - structured interview?

Answer 27

Open ended questions

Question 28

What are focus groups?

Answer 28

Participants can interact and re-evaluate their own understandings

Question 29

What are some strengths and limitations of focus groups/

Answer 29

Can interview a number of people together, can observe interactions Make sure everyone can speak within the group, the influence they will have on each other

Question 30

What are observations?

Answer 30

Gathering data by watching people or events. Can be overt (they know) or covert (they don’t know)Can be participant or non-participant

Question 31

What is the difference between complete participant and participant as observer observations?

Answer 31

The researcher fully engages with the participants however in complete, the participants DO NOT know they are a researcher

Question 32

What are some strengths and limitations of observations?

Answer 32

Catch them in natural context, little equipment Researcher has to be experienced, ethics and time consuming

Question 33

What is content analysis?

Answer 33

Determines the presence of certain words, themes or concepts within qualitative data

Question 34

What is inductive qualitative analysis?

Answer 34

Starts with a clean slate, data driven

Question 35

What is deductive qualitative research?

Answer 35

Starts with pre-determined themes

Question 36

When are focus groups recommended?

Answer 36

When you want to gain multiple perspectives from a large group

Question 37

When are one-to-one interviews recommended?

Answer 37

When you want to gain a deeper understanding of the participants thought processes

Question 38

What are the 2 things you NEED before an interview?

Answer 38

Participant informed sheet Participant agreement form

Question 39

What is data handling?

Answer 39

Ensuring data is stored, archived and disposed of in a safe and secure manner during and after a research project

Question 40

What is a theme?

Answer 40

A group of codes that identify patterns. Can identify similarities and differences across many transcripta

Question 41

What are the 6 phases of thematic analysis

Answer 41

Become familiar with the data Generate initial codes Search for themes Review themes Define themes Write up

Question 42

What is the new updated guide ?

Answer 42

Familiarisation of data Generate initial codes Generate initial themes Reviewing themes Defining and naming themes Write up

Question 43

What is reflexivity?

Answer 43

idea of being aware of your own values, ideas and biases

Question 44

When is qualitative research valid and reliable?

Answer 44

When it accurately represents the experiences of the study (trustworthiness)

Question 45

What is not a criticism of qualitative research?

Answer 45

Approach is too rigid and inflexible