Qualitative Flashcards
What is the definition of qualitative data?
Answer questions about experiences, meaning and perspective from the standpoint of the participant
What are the different things qualitative data can help us understand?
Condition
Experience
Event
Attitudes
Behaviours
What is phenomenology?
Explores the central, underlying meaning of an experience or phenomenon from the individuals experience
What is ethnography?
To develop a rich, thick description that allows a deeper understanding of experiences within a particular group
What is narrative research?
To collect and analyse peoples accounts to describe their experiences and retell their story
What are case studies?
To collect data about a specific phenomenon within its real-life context
What is grounded theory?
Data is systematically collected and analysed to try and understand social processes
Developing a theory
What is the sample sizes range?
2 - 20+
What is data saturation?
Point in the research process when no new information is discovered. Signals that the data collecting can stop
What is non-probability sampling?
DOES NOT involve random selection, are recruited based off of accessibility and convenience
What type of sampling do we use in qualitative research?
Non-probibility
What are the 5 examples of non-probability sampling?
Convenience
Volunteer
Snowball
Quota
Purposive
What is convenience sampling?
Where the researcher gather participants based off whoever they can find in a particular location
What are the strengths of convenience sampling?
What are the limitations
East, no cost
Geographical bias, may miss hard to reach individuals
What is volunteer sampling?
People volunteer to take part by contacting the researcher after seeing an advert
What are the strengths and limitations of volunteer sampling?
East, minimal effort
Bias as the people who volunteer are likely going to be interested in the topic
What is snowball sampling?
Participants are recruited through other participants by referring
What are the strengths to snowball sampling?
Can access hard to reach participants
Useful when the searcher does not have the contact details of potential participants
What is quota sampling?
Choose a sample according to specific traits or demographics that reflect the make up of the population
What are the strengths of quota sampling?
Allows representation of sub-groups
What is purposive sampling?
Chooses participant that are relevant to the particular phenomenon their researching
What are the strengths of purposive sampling?
Attempts to create a representative sample of a certain group
What are some NO-NOs in research?
Lack of consent
Lack of confidentiality
Forced participation
Deception
What are the 5 data collection methods?
Interviews, focus groups, participant observations, content analysis and photography, poetry and art
What is an interview?
Conversation with a purpose. Flexible and adaptable
What is an un- structured interview?
One or two main issues are covered in great depth
More questions are based on what the participants says
What is a semi - structured interview?
Open ended questions
What are focus groups?
Participants can interact and re-evaluate their own understandings
What are some strengths and limitations of focus groups/
Can interview a number of people together, can observe interactions
Make sure everyone can speak within the group, the influence they will have on each other
What are observations?
Gathering data by watching people or events. Can be overt (they know) or covert (they don’t know)Can be participant or non-participant
What is the difference between complete participant and participant as observer observations?
The researcher fully engages with the participants however in complete, the participants DO NOT know they are a researcher
What are some strengths and limitations of observations?
Catch them in natural context, little equipment
Researcher has to be experienced, ethics and time consuming
What is content analysis?
Determines the presence of certain words, themes or concepts within qualitative data
What is inductive qualitative analysis?
Starts with a clean slate, data driven
What is deductive qualitative research?
Starts with pre-determined themes
When are focus groups recommended?
When you want to gain multiple perspectives from a large group
When are one-to-one interviews recommended?
When you want to gain a deeper understanding of the participants thought processes
What are the 2 things you NEED before an interview?
Participant informed sheet
Participant agreement form
What is data handling?
Ensuring data is stored, archived and disposed of in a safe and secure manner during and after a research project
What is a theme?
A group of codes that identify patterns. Can identify similarities and differences across many transcripta
What are the 6 phases of thematic analysis
Become familiar with the data
Generate initial codes
Search for themes
Review themes
Define themes
Write up
What is the new updated guide ?
Familiarisation of data
Generate initial codes
Generate initial themes
Reviewing themes
Defining and naming themes
Write up
What is reflexivity?
idea of being aware of your own values, ideas and biases
When is qualitative research valid and reliable?
When it accurately represents the experiences of the study (trustworthiness)
What is not a criticism of qualitative research?
Approach is too rigid and inflexible
