Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EBM > Qualitative > Flashcards

Qualitative Flashcards

1
Q

What are qualitative studies used for?

A

Understanding how people act in a social context, to understand health related behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do qualitative researchers have to report due to the fact that these study types have flexible methods?

A

How they collected data, how they analysed data, why they chose these methods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of appraisal do qualitative studies require?

A

“Qualitative” appraisal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the main criteria for quality or a qualitative study?

A

Researchers credibly described and explained participants’ understandings and actions in relation to a health issue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does qualitative data shed light on?

A

Understandings, attitudes and experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who’s experience does qualitative data explore?

A

Patient and HCP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is qualitative data important

A

It provides evidence for factors that contribute to patients health, it helps understand participants behaviour and reasons, explores experiences (patient and HCP), leads to new insights, focussed on individual in social context

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Is qualitative data focussed on depth or breadth?

A

Depth - focussed on individual within their social context

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is qualitative data most commonly collected?

A

Interviews or focus groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which type of questions do qualitative studies answer?

A

‘How’ and ‘why’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Does qualitative data use narrow or broad questions?

A

Broad - explore qualitative data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of sample does qualitative methods use?

A

Purposive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Is qualitative data replicable?

A

Depends on if the context is the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Strengths of qualitative studies

A
  1. Real world and real patients
  2. High level of detail and context
  3. Captures experiences, understandings and attitudes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Weaknesses of qualitative methods

A
  1. Loss of audit ability - context biased and inbuilt structures to reduce bias so need to trust researchers and aim not to deviate
  2. Cannot predict (only suggest) causations or outcomes
  3. Generalisable only with caution
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do emerging themes help do?

A

Identify new areas of importance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is purposive sampling?

A

Chosen group as perspectives assumed to be important to understand the issue being studied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 6 main qualitative research approaches?

A
  1. Grounded theory
  2. Ethnography
  3. Case study
  4. Narrative
  5. Phenomenology
  6. Generic/pragmatic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is grounded theory?

A

Developing theory grounded in data from the field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is ethnography?

A

Describing/interpreting a cultural or social group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is case study?

A

In depth analysis of single case or multiple cases

22
Q

What is a narrative approach?

A

Eliciting meaning of experiences expressed as stories of individuals

23
Q

What is phenomenology?

A

Understanding the essence (crucial aspects) of a phenomenon

24
Q

What is purposive sampling?

A

People are selected for a particular demographic or experience

25
Q

Does a sample in qualitative research have to be representative?

A

No as interest is in individual experience

26
Q

What is important for qualitative research sampling?

A

Recruit beyond people for whom taking part is easiest, look for information rich participants (use knowledge from previous research and reading), purposive, range of perspectives

27
Q

What is the iterative method?

A

Collect data concurrently with analysing

28
Q

What is the iterative method?

A

Collect data and analyse at the same time so can change methods depending on findings and then repeat cycles of data collection

29
Q

Using the iterative method, when can you stop collecting data?

A

When you have reached ‘saturation’ - any additional interviews do not add new insights

30
Q

What are the 3 steps of thematic analysis?

A
  1. Code transcripts
  2. Identify main themes
  3. Interpret data
31
Q

Which themes are especially important in qualitative thematic analysis?

A

Emerging themes

32
Q

What is big Q qualitative research?

A

More qualitative and sees healthcare as dynamic social activity

33
Q

What is small q qualitative research?

A

More pragmatic and focussed on health condition, care or intervention with patients understandings and needs. Can be used with quantitative research.

34
Q

What can qualitative research help with?

A
  1. Understanding experience of living with condition
  2. Understanding help seeking
  3. Part of clinical trial (mixed/nested)
  4. Patient reported outcome measures (PROMS)
  5. Guideline development
35
Q

What 4 things make a good rigorous qualitative study?

A
  1. Trustworthiness
  2. Credibility
  3. Reflexivity
  4. Relevance
36
Q

How can trustworthiness be shown?

A

Author justifies interpretations and explains conclusions by including quotations/context, inviting others to comment, compares perspectives

37
Q

How can credibility be shown?

A

Researchers analyse all data available, use quotations, use more than one coder

38
Q

How can reflexivity be demonstrated?

A

Researchers critically examine own role, potential bias and influence during formulating research question, data collection (inc recruitment and location), and relationship with participants

39
Q

Which tool is used to appraise qualitative research?

A

CASP

40
Q

What are type 1 errors?

A

Finding something that is not there

41
Q

What can indicate type 1 errors?

A

Conflict of interest, social pressure, ‘cherry picking’ quotes, quotes from limited participants, little evidence on how conclusions are obtained

42
Q

What are type 2 errors?

A

Ignoring something that is there

43
Q

What indicates type 2 errors?

A

Over influence, forcing patients into categories, overly simplistic and ignoring contraindications, results not useful

44
Q

What is theoretical sampling?

A

Sampling with aim to inform developing analysis once study already underway e.g. particular demographics or illness pattern

45
Q

What is triangulation?

A

Comparing different types of data to achieve more complex and realistic picture

46
Q

What is confirmability?

A

The degree of neutrality in research study’s findings. Provide audit trail.

47
Q

What is dependability?

A

The extent to which a study could be repeated and findings would be consistent

48
Q

What tests dependability?

A

Inquiry to assess audit

49
Q

What do you call cases that differ from general observations in qualitative research?

A

Discordant, disconfirming, divergent

50
Q

What is member validation/checking?

A

Return data to participants to check accuracy and that it resonates with their experience

51
Q

What are some examples of methods to collect qualitative data?

A

Direct observation, individual interviews, group interviews, focus groups

EBM (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions