Qs

Question 1

Minimum bovine sperm motility

Answer 1

30%

Question 2

Minimum bovine sperm morphology

Answer 2

70%

Question 3

What will determine when a cow gets pregnant?

Answer 3

Length of VWP
Conception rate
Estrus detection rate

Question 4

At 50% estrus detection rate, what give higher pregnancy rate: Ovsynch or two PGF2alpha?

Answer 4

Ovsynch

Question 5

What hormone lyses CL?

Answer 5

PGF2alpha

Question 6

What can bull scrotal circumference indicate?

Answer 6

Earlier puberty in offspring
Higher sperm count
Daughters with more active ovaries (in litter-bearing animals)

Question 7

What is the most common type of ovarian tumor in cows?

Answer 7

Granulosa cell tumor

Question 8

What is the treatment for granulosa cell tumor?

Answer 8

surgery

Question 9

What is early stage treatment for equine paraphimosis?

Answer 9

Replace in preputial cavity
Hydrotherapy
Local ointments
Antibiotics
NSAIDs
Massage
Allow horse to exercise

Question 10

Total sperm number =

Answer 10

concentration (sperm/mL) x volume (mL)

Question 11

Minimum sperm to pass equine BSE

Answer 11

1 billion progressively motile, morphologically normal sperm

Question 12

Black looking stain for equine sperm

Answer 12

Eosin-nigrosin

Question 13

Primary sperm abnormalities in horse

Answer 13

involve seminiferous tubule

Secondary sperm abnormalities happen in epidiymis

Question 14

Do we measure scrotal circumference in horses?

Answer 14

no

Question 15

In horses, what correlates with sperm production?

Answer 15

Scrotal width

Question 16

Most important factor affecting pregnancy rate

Answer 16

Breeding management

Question 17

What hormone is secreted from dominant follicles in mare?

Answer 17

Estrogen

Question 18

What hormone causes luteolysis? Where is it secreted from?

Answer 18

Prostaglandin from endometrium

Question 19

What are two signs of estrus in mare?

Answer 19

Follicle around 45mm

Uterine edema

Question 20

Breed as close to ovulation as possible

Answer 20

Yep

Question 21

At what days can you diagnose twins in horse with ultrasound?

Answer 21

Day 13-15

Question 22

At what day can you hear embryonic heartbeat in horse?

Answer 22

Day 24

Question 23

How to manage twin pregnancy at day 13-15?

Answer 23

Manual embryo crush (90% success)

Question 24

What forms secondary to corpus lutea?

Answer 24

Endometrial cups

Question 25

How to differentiate pregnant uterus from bladder?

Answer 25

Palpate back to closed cervix

Question 26

Palpating a mare at 150 days: You will NOT feel what?

Answer 26

Membrane slip

Question 27

Accessory sex gland in bull with bi-lobed character?

Answer 27

Seminal vesicles

Question 28

Loss of bi-lobed character of seminal vesicle in bull

Answer 28

abnormal

Question 29

What is NOT a cause of bovine anestrus?

Answer 29

Retained placenta | Uterine prolapse

Question 30

What are causes of bovine anestrus?

Answer 30

Pyometra Presence of suckling calf pregnancy negative energy balance

Question 31

What is the recommended treatment of cystic follicular degeneration in cattle?

Answer 31

100mcg GnRH Timed insemination with Ovsynch GnRH followed by PGF2alpha 7-10days later Exogenous progesterone from CIDR

Question 32

What is not an effective treatment strategy for bovine pyometra?

Answer 32

Exogenous PGE | PGF2alpha is the treatment

Question 33

What do you retract in bovine palpations?

Answer 33

Ventral intercornual ligament

Question 34

What is the accessory sex gland in the bull that is most commonly affected by infectious/inflammatory disease?

Answer 34

Seminal vesicle

Question 35

The efficacy of estrus detection can be monitored using what?

Answer 35

Determination of heat detection index

Question 36

The primary sign of estrus in cow

Answer 36

Standing to be mounted

Question 37

Aborted fetus is size of rat. What stage of gestation?

Answer 37

3 months

Question 38

How can you differentiate an early pregnancy from pyometra, hydrometra, or mucometra?

Answer 38

Fetal membrane slip

Question 39

The accuracy of estrus detection can be monitored using what?

Answer 39

Determination of progesterone concentrations in milk or blood

Question 40

Retention of bovine fetal membranes is NOT associated with which condition?

Answer 40

Hydrops amnii

Question 41

You determine cows are pregnant but client says they were in estrus today. What is the next step?

Answer 41

Re-examine these cows to determine their pregnancy status

Question 42

What stage is fetal mummification most common in cows?

Answer 42

2nd trimester

Question 43

Is the cow systemically ill with pyometra?

Answer 43

no

Question 44

What condition affecting prepuce/penis of bull is NOT a congential abnormality?

Answer 44

Preputial detachment

Question 45

Hematoma of penis usually caused by what?

Answer 45

Tearing of tunica albuginea during erection

Question 46

Where does the tear happen in penile hematoma in bull?

Answer 46

Near the distal curve of the sigoid flexure of the penis

Question 47

Do eCG levels decline in the case of fetal death?

Answer 47

No

Question 48

What hormone is produced by endometrial cups?

Answer 48

eCG

Question 49

During pregnancy, what also secretes progesterone?

Answer 49

Accessory corpora lutea

Question 50

What day are you able to identify genital tubercle in horse?

Answer 50

60-70

Question 51

Fetal sexing cannot be done before what day?

Answer 51

50

Question 52

What is ultrasound used for in pregnant mares?

Answer 52

Monitoring the CTUP Measuring fetal orbit to determine length of gestation Monitoring fetal activity and evidence of stress Determining the presence of twin conceptus at any stage of gestation

Question 53

Equine semen maintains viability and the ability to fertilize an egg for up to ____ hours when stores at 5 degrees C

Answer 53

48

Question 54

What timed AI protocol with frozen equine semen results with highest preg rate?

Answer 54

Ovulatory agent - 24 hours later TAI - second AI at 40 hours Mare must have 35mm follicle

Question 55

What does the routine BSE of mare NOT include?

Answer 55

Taking blood samples for CBC and chemistry

Question 56

Relaxed, wide cervix and flattened, edematous uterus in mare is characteristic of what stage of estrous cycle?

Answer 56

Estrus

Question 57

Which structure CANNOT be accurately detected using transrectal ultrasonography?

Answer 57

Consistency of ovarian follice

Question 58

Where to take swabs from to determine bacterial infections in stallion?

Answer 58

``` Fossa glandis Body of penis Prepuce pre-ejaculatory urethra Post-ejaculatory urethra semen ```

Question 59

T/F: Breeding soundess evalution in the stallion determines exact stallion fertility

Answer 59

false

Question 60

Where is the tail of the epididymis located in stallion?

Answer 60

Caudally

Question 61

A stallion characterized as satisfactory breeding prospect should be able to

Answer 61

get a minimum of 60% pregnancy rate per season of 40 mares by natural service and 120 mares by AI