Qs

Question 1

Before giving a patient contrast, what things would you need to consider?
T.P.A.P.D.B.e.C.

Answer 1

They need to have had a blood test done in the last 3 months
Previous contrast reaction?
Allergies?
PMH - heart disease? Kidney disease?
Diabetic? Do they take metformin? - metformin must be stopped 48hours before scan (risk of lactic acidosis if kidney function changes)
Blood thinners? - contrast flows quicker
eGFR level – how well kidneys filtering (needs to be approx 30, below 30 could result in kidney failure)
Creatinine level – how well kidneys working! - needs to be over 125

Question 2

What would you do if you’re on a night shift and you don’t know the correct pathway for something?

Answer 2

Protocols
Ask the referring DR what it is they’re looking for - could give you clues as to which part of protocol to look into. Talk about your action plan to the DR to see if that would help them in gaining diagnostic information from the images?
Still unsure? Ask the radiologist

Question 3

What steps would you take if you were planning on making a reject analysis programme?

Answer 3

Reject analysis is important in examining the reasons for images being rejected – helps minimise patient exposure to radiation from repeated examinations, improves efficiency and enhances image quality
Tell everyone in the department about the programme and ask them to participate
Explain the procedure and importance – that all

Question 4

What would you do if a patient is brought to CT and there’s no pregnancy form signed and she can’t give you information on whether she is pregnant or not

Answer 4

There is a 10 day pregnancy rule for CT – high dose
See if the scan is not urgent – can they wait to come on period and return for CT
If the scan is urgent – check cerner for any information
(Outpatient)See if there’s any pregnancy tests in e.g. angio nurses
(A&E) they would have had blood test done – pregnancy would be stated here
(TRAUMA) – TTL decision due to patients best interest

Question 5

You’ve given a patient contrast and the scanner breaks down. What do you do?

Answer 5

If scan started, end exam
If contrast is still going through, stop giving contrast and disconnect.
Check the scanner to see if it’s a known fault and you know how to fix it?
Turn it off and on?
If I can’t fix it. Consider if the scan be delayed - if so find another scanner
Before taking the patient to another scanner, consider speaking to a senior or radiologist about actions you’ll take because of the amount of contrast the patient will take and the impact on them - i.e. is it safe? Do I need to give contrast again?
Do scan, complete scan and DATIX the incident.

Question 6

22 - What would you do if a student takes an x-ray and it’s not on PACS?

Answer 6

Check the computer the xray was taken on, have they sent it?
Check PACS on other computers- images may be there?
Try sending the image again
Check if there is PACS downtime?
Is it happening with other x-rays too?
Call ICT to report the issue

Question 7

A new band 5 radiographer is doing a pelvis x-ray on a paed in A&E and has repeated the x-ray 3 times. You’ve noticed that the images produced are suboptimal. What would you do?

Answer 7

Tell the radiographer they should stop anymore exposures for that patient
Ask the referrer to check the x-rays and if they are ok with images and don’t think repeats are necessary?
Possibly also check with the radiologist to see if they require the x-ray to be repeated?
Speak to the staff member, see if they need additional training? Offer to help them?

Question 8

A room shuts down in A & E. what would you do?

Answer 8

Turn the machine back on and attempt a test exposure
If the room doesn’t turn back on, put a sign on the room to say it’s not working and inform all colleagues via email
Inform superintendent
Report the room, get a reference number and date engineer will come to check
Inform A&E nurse in charge that we’re a room down

Question 9

You are on a night shift - PACS and RIS go down, what do you do?

Answer 9

Inform all colleagues PACS and RIS is down and that we will be using down time procedure
If not planned downtime - report it to ICT OOH
If not already printed, print downtime forms
Check cerner for requests, print them and manually enter the patient details into the computer of the room doing x-ray in
Once finished with examination, on the downtime form, write patient details, exposure factors used and room examination done in
Keep all forms! Once the requests start coming through, ensure to delete all duplicate requests and send all images across.
Remember to complete all work so radiation incidents don’t occur in the form of double exposures.
All downtime forms should be given to PACS so they can assign images to requests.
PACS is down - tell the DR they need to come around to department to look at the x-rays on the computer console x-ray was taken and if portable x-ray, then image needs to be looked at on mobile machine.

Question 10

What would you do if your colleague x-rayed the wrong patient?

Answer 10

Make them aware, ask them to double check with the patient their details and what examination they are having?
Be truthful to patient, apologise and explain to them what has happened
Inform the DR that the wrong patient has been x-rayed
Have PACS move the images to the patient that’s been x-rayed folder and it should still be reported on incase of incidental finding (write a comment on soliton explaining situation for the radiologist to also see)

Question 11

You are working with a student in Generals and a patient goes into cardiac arrest - what do you do?

Answer 11

Send the student to call 2222 and to clearly state a patient has gone into cardiac arrest and you’ll need the crash team. Inform them of the location, gender, whether they’re an adult or paed.
While student is doing this I would start CPR and not stop until crash team are there
Ask the student to open door so crash team have access to room
DATIX of incident

Question 12

Halfway through a theater case you notice staff not wearing lead. What do you do?

Answer 12

STOP exposing
Explain to the member of staff they need to be wearing lead
If they refuse, ask why they are not wearing lead? Answer their reason as to why they are not, and explain the importance of wearing lead to protect against radiation
If they are still refusing, let the surgeon know you will not be x-raying until the staff member wears lead
Once the case is finished, complete a DATIX and a radiation incident form. Then, speak to superintendent regarding the incident, because that person has probably been exposed to a lot of radiation since halfway through the case, I’ve realized they’re not wearing lead.

Question 13

SOR wants to introduce the RED Dot system. What are the pros and cons?

Answer 13

PROS; Can reduce number of missed diagnoses (what radiographer sees referrer may not spot), can encourage radiographers to take closer look at x-rays to see if diagnostic enough? Can they repeat the image to make diagnosis easier? E.g. doing a better lateral ankle
CONS; radiographers that are not trained to report may flag something which is normal – worry the patient for no reason

Question 14

How would you know if you’ve overexposed a patient? And what would you do?

Answer 14

Exposure index
DRL
Check system to see if exposure fault is yours
Inform RPS
Inform patient - honest, duty of Candour
QA
DATIX

Question 15

ITU and RESUS are both waiting outside for CT. Who do you prioritise?

Answer 15

Both patients should be with drs
Check with DRS for urgency
Usually, ITU stable, DRs aware of PTs PMH and condition
Resus, new patient, unsure of injuries and clinical condition - golden hour - try to find out what’s going on to begin treatment ASAP
If I’m not alone, take RESUS patient and ask colleague to do ITU patient in next room scanner

Question 16

ITU calls about a patient that needs imaging urgently, what steps would you take in CT?

Answer 16

See if there is a slot available/arrange a slot, get the doctors name and details
The patient will most likely be in a bed, ask if the patient is intubated, ask for any infection precautions and if the patient already has a cannula that is working, ready for use if needed.
If the patient is having a contrast scan, ask for the creatinine and eGFR level.
Ensure the scan has been vetted. (unless it’s a head or KUB - we can scan)
Inform colleagues of the ITU patient coming and prepare the room for them.

Question 17

How would you go about imaging a confused patient for a CT head?

Answer 17

Ensure there is an escort with the patient (nurse or doctor).
If the patient is non-compliant, ask the nurse or DR to help and assist. If it’s unsafe, send the patient back. They may need to give sedation before attempting again. Ensure a note is put on soliton, to say it was unsafe to do the scan and you did not proceed.
However, If the patient is slightly confused, with the escort’s assistance, position the patient safely, explaining the instructions to them.If still confused, apply the safety belt and ensure they are safe before leaving them in the room.
Keep observing the patient while scanning to ensure unnecessary radiation is not given

Question 18

What are the hounsfield units for bone, water and soft tissue?

Answer 18

Bone = +1000 to +3000 Air = -1000 Water = 0 Soft tissue = 100 to 300

Question 19

In CT, what is the arterial and portal venous phase?

Answer 19

The early arterial phase offers optimal vessel demarcation and allows the detection of vascular pathology:
Arterial phase is when contrast is injected intravenously, it goes to the IVC, then to the right atrium and then to the right ventricle. It will then pass through the pulmonary arteries and into the lungs and into the aorta. From here we will scan roughly 17 seconds, where the contrast goes from ascending aorta to the descending aorta which highlights the vessels as well as arteries.
Portal venous phase is where the contrast goes from the aorta to the liver via the hepatic arteries then comes back to the IVC. This phase is roughly 70 seconds.

Question 20

What would you do if your colleague was on the phone while a student brought a patient into the room?

Answer 20

Go to my colleague and ask them if they were supposed to be supervising the student?
Ask them if they would like to switch roles? I could take the call for them so they can continue supervising the student, or I could supervise the student while they continue on the phone.
If asked to supervise the student. I would introduce myself to the patient, let them know I’m supervising the student, ask to be excused for a minute, go through the request form with the student making sure the request is justified and check for previous x-rays on PACS.
Allow the student to resume and continue supervising the student.
Speak to colleague and let them know that it’s best to do one thing at a time to avoid mistakes and radiation incidents from happening - either supervise student or answer phone and don’t let student bring patient in.

Question 21

How would you deal with a colleague who is not practicing safety regulations?

Answer 21

Speak to them. Ask if they were aware that they’re not practicing safety regulations.
If it was a genuine error, inform them and direct them to read the appropriate guidelines
Ask them if there’s anything in their personal life which is affecting their work and explain the importance of following safety regulations and consequences of not doing so
If this is happening consistently, inform the superintendent. They will need to have a meeting to ensure safe practice is carried out
If safety is not followed - such as radiation incident – DATIX

Question 22

What would you do if a patient suffers a contrast reaction

Answer 22

Depends if it’s a mild, moderate or severe reaction
Get the drugs box and call for help. If it’s a severe reaction e.g. affecting breathing etc. call 2222 and get the crash trolley. Ensure the patient is breathing!
If it’s just a reaction, give the patient antihistamine which should be in the crash trolley and the drug box located in the room.
While help is coming, ensure you observe the patient. If their sats are lower than 96 - give them oxygen
Ask a radiologist to see the patient
Observe the patient and once the patient feels better, give them after care advice and any leaflets on after care. Advise them on what to do if things get worse - usually go to A&E
DATIX and leave note on RIS, let referrer know

Question 23

You realise your colleague is scanning under the wrong name - what do you do?

Answer 23

Ensure it is the correct patient that needed to be scanned, then inform colleague of their mistake
If images have already been sent to PACS, let the DR know. Label the image with the patient’s correct details and contact PACS immediately to move the images to the correct folder.
Ensure the correct image is in the correct folder and the other image has been removed from the incorrect folder.
If this happens OOH, let the referring DR know. Label the images correctly and email the PACS team to assign the correct images to the correct patient folder ASAP.
It is vital to do this to ensure no misdiagnosis or harm is caused by incorrect treatment from the team.

Question 24

How would you ensure radiation protection and reduce patient dose in fluro?
P.CRUEL SPARE

Answer 24

Lead gowns
Positive ID check
Radiation badges
Use of lead skirt/screen
Ensure warning signs are working
Carry out monthly QA

Reduce magnification - patient and detector have minimal distance to reduce scatter
Always expose on low setting
Ensure correct protocol is chosen
Removal of grid for children
Pulsed fluoro setting instead of continuous
Screening instead of acquiring images

Question 25

A patient wants to complain about a colleague - what do you do?

Answer 25

Listen to the patient’s issues carefully to ensure the complainant’s real concerns are being explored - not what you perceive them to be
Once the issue is identified, and I can understand the reason why my colleagues actions may have angered the patient- e.g. if it’s a rule we have in the trust e.g. not allowed to take photo of the x-ray I would try to explain to the patient in a calm manner the reason behind it.
Then I would ask if there’s anything you could do to help? Anything that would make the patient’s experience better? E.g. if they want a copy of their x-ray they can fill a form in and we can put their x-ray onto a CD
I would then still give the patient the option to formally complain and refer them to the PALS service.Patient Advice and Liaison Service (PALS)

Question 26

You see a student underperforming, how would you help them?

Answer 26

It’s important to help a student that is underperforming not only for their development into a competent radiographer but also for patient safety
Take the student aside, speak to them privately, ask them how they’re finding their training, ask them if they think they are struggling with anything? LISTEN to them and give time to share their issues
Their underperformance could root from many things e.g. personal matters, financial physical or health matters, loss of confidence or stress
Once the issues are identified, I’d help to find a solution e.g. if it’s something radiography related i.e. they’re not understanding a concept I would put time into teaching them and possibly in different ways to help them understand. If it’s an external issue e.g. stress of uni and placement, i would suggest them ways they can cope with the stress, how they can manage their time so it’s less stressful
Finally, I would help the student set goals depending on their issue, so that the outcome is measurable and we can see if it has actually helped them

Question 27

You see an angry patient at the reception, how would you deal with it?

Answer 27

Take patient to private area
Listen to the patients concern/empathise with them
Speak in calm manner
Ask what you can do to help them/solve the problem?
If there is a reason behind their anger e.g. waiting times? Explain why they have had to wait
Find the best person they can speak to if I can’t do anything for them
Offer patient advice – they can speak to PALS

Question 28

How do you go about buying a new mobile machine?

Answer 28

Assess needs depending on department, hospital and community (e.g. patient habitus, paediatrics, adults settings)
Budget?
Easy manoeuvre?
Size?
Durability?
Trial equipment? And receive feedback from staff

Question 29

Theater II stops working, what do you do?

Answer 29

See if the emergency button has been pressed?
Key turned?
Error messages?
Cables disconnected?
If nothing works? Inform the surgeon you will restart the machine. If it still doesn’t work – swap machines and report once you’re back in a&e and datix (affected patient) and put a sign on it.

Question 30

How have you demonstrated leadership?

Answer 30

Leading generals
Leading A&E
Liaising with theater staff regarding theater cases
Reporting faults - equipment
Reporting faults to estates - faulty door that wouldn’t shut properly
Proactive - realised the PACS port is often getting caught in the wheels of II screens, spoke to estates and ordered a hook to be mounted on the wall to solve the problem

Question 31

What are the main types of brain bleeds?

Answer 31

epidural hematoma.
subdural hematoma.
subarachnoid hemorrhage.
intracerebral hemorrhage

Question 32

What is your understanding of patient advocacy?
P.P

Answer 32

Promoting and protecting the interests of patients through the healthcare system by maintaining their autonomy and protecting them from malpractice.
Example - dementia patient - speak slowly, understand to best of their ability (Learnt this from a uni CPD session, transferred what I learnt from this session into my practice)
Bilingual - speaking to patients in Farsi - ensuring they understand the procedure, rights and benefits and allowing them to make an informed decision and not letting language be a barrier

Question 33

What is the Candour regulation?

Answer 33

A legal duty to be open and honest with patients and their families when something goes wrong/could lead to harm in the future
The regulation requires us to be open, honest and transparent with service users

Question 34

What is the purpose of clinical audit?
Q.I.P - ^ PT CARE

Answer 34

Clinical audits are a quality improvement process, intended to improve patient care
It assesses current practice against defined standards, through evaluations changes are made then the practice is reassessed to (hopefully) show improvement

Question 35

What do the CQC do?
(WER)

Answer 35

Oversee the compliance of IRMER and clinical governance
They’re an independent regulator of health/social care services in the UK
ROLE is to make sure the services provide high quality care and encourage them to improve where necessary
This is done by inspecting services to make sure they meet the standards of health and safety (services are well led, effective, responsive to needs, caring)
Results are published to help people choose their care.

Question 36

What does safeguarding mean/involve?
SPA/NAI
REPORT

Answer 36

Protecting vulnerable adults/children at risk

It’s fundamental to high-quality health and social care

SPA (Suspected Physical Abuse/NAI) - non accidental injury

Record everything! Inform and REPORT immediately to appropriate authority

YOUR ROLE IN KEEPING AN INDIVIDUAL SAFE

Question 37

What is information governance?
Ensures,Emphasises, Ensures, Data

Answer 37

E E E D
Ensures safe guarding and appropriate use of patient identifiable information in the NHS
Emphasises on patient confidentiality - keeping patients health record private
Ensuring only authorised people can access them
Data Protection Act 1998 - keeping health records safe and secure

Question 38

What do you understand by clinical governance?

Answer 38

Clinical governance is a system put in place which aims to

improve the quality of patient care

and

hospitals must be able to show evidence that

these high standards are being maintained.

There are 7 pillars which form the framework - clinical effectiveness, risk management, patient and public involvement, audit, staff management, education and training and information.

Question 39

7 pillars of Clinical Governance?

Answer 39

C.R.PAPSE
There are 7 pillars which form the framework - clinical effectiveness, risk management, patient and public involvement, audit, staff management, education and training and information.
It’s through the 7 pillars where the quality of care can be measured.

Question 40

What changes would you bring to the department?

Answer 40

take on mentorship role to students and junior staff-
one thing i’ve noticed is when students are on shift- they dont have an assigned mentor-
i would want to build sense of community and belonging inthe department. Where they would be able to be more involved and proactive whe. it comes to learning. as well as for the radiographers. being able to teach would be helpful to improve and strengthen our skills. give support and offer guidance that they might need throughout the placement year.

being able to show them
I want to be able to be an advocate for them. addressing their needs and concerns. so i’ll be able provide them with all their tools to be able to become a better and competent future radiographers.
making these small changes would
Continuous improvement is a dedication to making small changes and improvements every day, with the expectation that those small improvements will add up to something significant.

Question 41

How have you improved the department?

Answer 41

Leading by example /

byworking as a team
positive-attitude will reflect in a much bigger scale So often say change is only meaningful if there is some LARGE and VISIBLE outcome associated with it.
small changes that we do like having a positive attitude and being committed to deliver high qual of care not only to patients but also within the TEAM- creating a bigger impact!!! culture withinthe department

these small changes can be just as meaningful, especially in the long run.

I’VE BEEN WORKING ON AUDIT!!!! IMPROVE QUALITY OF PATIENT CARE- IMPROVING OUR ATTITUDE IN CREATING A BETTER CULTURE FOR OUR DEPARTMENT!!!!
OPEN COMMUNICAFION
LEAD BY EXAMPLE
RECOGNITION
EMPOWERING

IMPROVE OUR CURRENT PRACTICES— LEAD BY EXAMPLE

Question 42

What is the difference between an employer, referrer, practitioner and operator?

Answer 42

Referrer - DR e.g. GP, required to provide sufficient clinical information so that practitioner can make a decision
Practitioner - Radiographer - responsible for the justification of medical exposures by assessing the request using the clinical data, confirming details
Operator - Imaging assistant, nurse - entitled to carry out supporting acts which influence dose on patient

Question 43

What do you understand about radiation protection?
IRJOPP

Answer 43

IRMER regulations require us to use radiation safely to protect patients from harm when exposed to radiation
Responsibilities: minimise unintended, excessive or incorrect medical exposures
Justify each exposure to ensure the benefits outweigh the risks
Optimising does to keep them ALARP
Protect ourselves: radiation badges, lead gowns
Protect others: preganancy, use of DRLs not to exceed doses, lead gowns

Question 44

What are the new changes to IRMER?

Answer 44

The eye dose limit has reduced from 150 mSv pa to 20 mSv pa averaged over 5 years with no single year exceeding 50 mSv. Anyone who may exceed this dose limit will need to be classified.
Effective dose monitoring will therefore be required. A dedicated eye dosemeter will need to be worn by classified staff. For non-classified staff, a dosemeter worn around the collar area, outside of any PPE (lead apron or thyroid collar) may give an indication of eye dose.
Changes to definition of outside worker – Now, specific training and radiation monitoring is required for all employees who work in another employers radiation controlled area and likely to exceed public dose limits

Question 45

What is IRR?

Answer 45

IRR covers the use of ionising radiation in the workplace, it’s a regulation which protects the public and staff working with ionising radiation
IRR states the employer must provide a safe working environment for the public and staff and employees to maintain a safe environment for people who enter it
RPS and RPA must be assigned and they must work alongside medical physics to ensure radiation safety
All employees must read and sign local rules (information on risks, controlled areas, levels of access and RPA and RPS names)
IRR says personal dosimetry to be worn for employees who receive more than 6msv/year
Controlled area - area which doses may exceed 6msv/year - entry to be restricted. Supervised area - area under review, likely dose of 1msv/year in this area.

Question 46

What is IRMER?

Answer 46

IRMER – deals with the safe and effective use of ionising radiation when exposing patients.
Protects patients from unintended, excessive or incorrect medical exposures and ensures each exposure is justified and the benefits outweigh the risks.
Intends to optimise doses by keeping them ALARP

Question 47

How do you keep up with CPD? What’s the latest CPD you did?

Answer 47

In fracture clinic, carrying out a test regarding the use of calibration balls when it comes to doing trauma patients. Results show the difference in the sizing of the ball when placed incorrectly -whether anteriorly or posteriorly.

Question 48

What are the NHS Values and tell us how you are acting on one of them/most important in your opinion?

Answer 48

working together for patients. respect and dignity. commitment to quality of care. compassion. improving lives. everyone counts.

Question 49

What are the trust core values and tell us how you are acting on one of them/most important in your opinion?

Answer 49

Collaborative, Aspirational, Kind, Experts
Expert – anxious patient – reassure the patient about the examination they are having, explain to them the procedure, why they are having it/the importance and let them know they are in good hands.

Question 50

Where would you like to see your career going?

Answer 50

Train in other modalities CT, IR, MRI
Take on more leadership roles in the department
Take on teaching/mentorship roles – students and junior staff

Question 51

What is the difference between a band 5 vs a band 6 radiographer?

Answer 51

Band 5, working under supervision until competent and looks to senior for advice
Band 6, Working independently, and can act as senior giving advice
Band 6 radiographer works using own initiative but knows when to ask for help and guidance
Band 5 radiographer carries out radiographic examinations mainly in plain film/
Band 6, carries out radiographic examinations across a range of modalities
Band 6 radiographer has understanding to vet request forms for validity and appropriateness / Band 5 radiographer would seek knowledge of Band 6 radiographer to see validity and justification
Band 6 radiographer is able to report incidents and equipment failure
Once appropriately trained, Band 6 radiographer carries out IV injections with departmental policy e.g. in CT

Question 52

Tell me about yourself/why do you think we should give you the job

Answer 52

• [ ] Working as a band 5 over the past year
• [ ] Working in diff areas (A&E, Generals, theatres, MDR, DEXA, FX clinic)
• [ ] I’ve learned a lot and gained experience in training in diff areas
• [ ] (Specify each area and what you’ve learnt)
• [ ] Working in A&E - during out of hours -
• [ ] This has given confidence to handle tasks independently and have gained skills to prioritise and manage workflows to enhance efficiency - also learned to adapt my techniques when doing xrays for trauma patient while also delivering high quality patient care.
• [ ] Working in generals as a theatre coordinator and leading - had improved my problem solving skills such as coordinating with the theatres to ensure efficient workflow is achieved, ensure there’s a sufficient number of radiographer to cover the number of planned cases.
• [ ] Working in MDR- alongside consultants and specialist teams has me confident in working as a team and to make sure workflow is organised and scheduled examination runs smoothly to provide the best patient care.
• [ ] CONCLUDE - CONFIDENT AND COMPETENT in working in these areas

Question 53

What are the 6C’s and which is most important in your opinion?

Answer 53

• [ ] Care,
• [ ] Compassion,
• [ ] Competence,
• [ ] Communication,
• [ ] Courage and
• [ ] Commitment
  – all values essential to high quality care.
  important, but most important – compassion –
• [ ] when you are showing compassion and kindness to patients,
• [ ] all the other values also fall into place,
• [ ] you will be committed to providing best quality of care and
• [ ] have an attitude that everyone in your care counts. You will also have and show respect and dignity to the patient

Question 54

What is diversity?
And how are you acting in delivering this?

Answer 54

Diversity is the characteristics, experiences, and other distinctions that make one person different from another. Diversity does mean people of different races, ethnicities, gender identities, and sexual orientations, but it’s more than that. The term represents a broad range of experiences, including socioeconomic background, upbringing, religion, marital status, education, sexual orientation, neurodiversity, disability, and life experience.

Question 55

What is inclusion?

Answer 55

It means creating an environment where people — regardless of surface or hidden level differences — feel welcome and valued. That means no individual is denied access to education, resources, opportunities, or any other treatment based on the qualities that make them unique, whether intentionally or inadvertently.

Question 56

Equality

Answer 56

means each individual or group of people is given the same resources or opportunities.

Question 57

Equity

Answer 57

recognizes that each person has different circumstances

different from equality: Whereas equality means providing the same to all, equity means recognizing that we do not all start from the same place and must acknowledge and make adjustments to imbalances.

Question 58

Talk about your CPD?

Answer 58

I recently did a CPD connected to the audit i’m currently working on for trauma pelvis x-rays using calibration balls

I have noticed the amount of repeat xrays done when doing a trauma pelvis xrays using a calibration ball-

I assessed the difference in sizing when it comes to placing the calibration balls during a pelvis xray. I conducted xrays by placing the calibration ball too anteriorly and too posteriorly. I’ve found that there is a difference in sizing as one when it is placed anteriorly and too posteriorly.

I’ve found this to be useful as when you’re working under pressure
It’s important to check the placement of the ball as this improves accuracy and detail of the image whilst avoiding repeats and also reducing patient dose

My goal is to finalise my audit and to offer a teaching session with presentation the discusses this subject so we are able to improve our current practices for patient’s safety.

Question 59

What is the importance of CPD?

Answer 59

Helping you develop your professional practice. Continuing professional development (CPD) is defined as learning experiences which help you develop and improve your professional practice. This can include building on your strengths, as well as developing yourself where you have capability gaps.

Question 60

What is the Calidicott Principles?

Answer 60

Fundamentals in which the organisation should follow in protecting any information that would identify the patient

JUUAD
JUSTIFY THE USE OF C.I APPROPRIATELY
USE MINIMUM NECESSARY C.I
COMPLY WITH THE LAW
LET PATIENTS/SERVICE USERS KNOW IF THEIR INFORMATION IS BEING USED AND WHERE

Question 61

NICE?
National Institute of Health and Care Excellence

Answer 61

Evidence based recommendation for health and care in England
Provides guidance- sets the gold standard

Question 62

Who are the regulators?

Answer 62

HSE- focused on the safety of public and staff in healthcare
HCPC- professional body that sets standards of competency for its registrants
CQC-inspects outcomes of treatments and servicesk

Question 63

What does a contrast IV do?

Answer 63

Differentiate adjacent structures
Same attenuation ( can be clearly seen with contras

2. Increased blood flow -

latency stenosis/ arterial venous malformation
3. Define vascular structure

Question 64

How can you make make the department more inclusive?

Answer 64

1. Celebrating different religious holidays
   Holding celebrations for different religious holidays is another good way to become more inclusive to your employees.
2. A merit-based workplace
   -means to making sure that you’re assessing someone’s abilities first and foremost, rather than letting personal biases influence judgements you make about a particular employee.
3. Providing workplace accommodations
   -Many employees have a learning difficulties , which could be related to reading, writing -
   Bigger font sizes for visually impaired employees
   Specific organisational tools and project management systems
   Assistive listening
   Adjusting seating and desk areas so that they’re more easily accessible to limited mobility employees

Question 65

How would you carry out a clinical audit?

Answer 65

Is there an ongoing issue that you’ve noticed?
How frequent has this been issue going on?
How is it an issue and how is it affecting the patient services?
Generate a plan to help improve it
METHOD IN sharing the plan- talk/presentation
Give time to undertake the changes
Through reviewing and evaluation see if there’s any improvement or changes

Question 66

Describe a time when you solved a problem?
Conflict resolution?

Answer 66

I’ve dealt with an issue regarding my junior colleague and a patient in A&E. Where the patient has been waiting a long time and has become quite annoyed. My junior colleague has tried to find their name on the system but unable to do so. I offered to help my colleague and they agreed to leave the situation and for me to take over. I took the patient to a private area, spoke to them calmly. Listened to their concern and offered to help. I then found out that they have not been seen in A&E and therefore explained to the patient calmly that they had to go to the A&E reception in order for us to receive the request. I took the time to direct and show them where the reception was. In the end, they were able to calm down and I was able to de escalate the situation and have managed to solve the problem. I also spoke to my junior colleague to explain that there are instances where in patients who have not been seen in A&E reception go straight to X-ray. I informed her to explore other solutions and possibilities in order to resolve the issue. By asking them more details as to where they were coming from, if a nurse has seen them.

Question 67

Ct head without contrast WHY?

Answer 67

if one were to request a “CT head” for a suspected intracranial haemorrhage the radiological protocol would be a “non-contrast CT head” to ensure there is no intravenous contrast masquerading as acute blood.