qlyn Flashcards
bio
Line Bones
Cartilages
Connect Bones
Ligaments
Contain specialized cells Produces soil matrix of calcium salt deposits Dense, Supportive connective Tissue Around collagen fibers No ground substances
Bone (Osseous) Tissue
- Support
- Storage
- Blood Cell Production
- Protection
- Leverage
Five Primary Functions of the Skeleton System
Found between the flat bones of the skull (Form close to suture)
Small irregular bones
Have complex Shapes Example: spinal vertebrae, pelvic bones (don’t fit a generalized shape)
Irregular Bones
Small and thick Example: ankle and wrist bones (short and boxy found in cluster)
Short Bones
Thin with parallel surfaces
Found in the skull, sternum, ribs, scapulae (Bigger bone between the suture)
Flat Bones
Long and thin
Found in arm legs, hands, feet, fingers and toes
Long bones
Small and Flat
Develop inside tendons near joints of knees, hands and feet
Sesamoid Bones
Depressions (fossa) or grooves
Bone markings
Where blood and nerves enter bone
tunnels (canal, channels)
(bone cells) within lacunae organized around blood vessels
Osteocytes
Form pathways for blood vessels
Exchange nutrients and wastes
Canaliculi
Two thirds of bone matrix is
calcium phosphate, Ca3(PO4)2
Ca(OH)2
calcium hydroxide
Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2
To form crystals of hydroxyapatite
Bone Cell, Four types of cells
Osteon
Osteoclast
Osteoblast
osteocytes
- Mature bone cell that maintain the bone matrix
- Live in Lacunae
- Connect by cytoplasmic extensions through canaliculi in lamellae
osteocytes
- To maintain protein and mineral content of matrix
2. To help repair damage bone
Two major functions of osteocytes
Immature bone cells that secrete matrix compounds
Osteoblast: (blast: immature build)
making new bone
osteogenesis
- Osteoblast surround by bone become
osteocytes
Bone building and bone recycling must balance
More breakdown than building, bones become weak
Homeostasis
The structural unit in bone (columns that go through the bone)
Osteon
Allow blood to move to the osteocytes
Canaliculi
layers form by the osteocytes around the central canal
(circum- go around navigate): Layer of bone surrounding the overall bone
Concentric Lamellae
Endosteum lining (osteonregenitor cell live)
Central Canal
Connect central canal, they run perpendicular to the osteon (central canal)
Perforating Canal
turn something into something (turning something into bone
The process of replacing other tissues with bone
Ossification
The process of depositing calcium salts
Occurs during bone ossification
Ossification
Calcification
Compact bone thickens and strengthens long bone with layers of circumferential lamellae
When long bones stop growing after puberty
Appositional Growth
forming bone between membrane
Intramembranous Ossification
- Produced by parathyroid glands in neck
- Increases calcium ion levels by
- Stimulating osteoclasts
- Increasing intestinal absorption of calcium
- Decreasing calcium excretion at kidneys
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
- Secreted by C cells (parafollicular cells) in thyroid
- Decreases calcium ion levels by
- Inhibiting osteoclast activity
- Increasing calcium excretion at kidneys
Calcitonin
Cracks or breaks in bones
Caused by physical stress
Fractures
