Qieen, Governent And Religion Flashcards
What is nobility
(Great landowners)
Wealthy, huge influence, 50 families
What is gentry
(Lesser landowners)
Social elite, owned land , no other work , 10,000
What are yeomen
Owned there own land
What are Tenant farmers
Renter land from land owners
What is the social hierarchy
Monarch at top (most important in nobility)
Pyramid determines how much land you owned
Owed respect to above and had respect from below
What percentage of the English population lived or worked in the countryside
90%
How could you become a landless labourers or unskilled worker?
Bad harvest or an illness
What are merchants and professionals
Wealthy
30,000 families
Eg, lawyers and doctors
What are skilled craftsmen
Skilled employees + trainees
In guilds on standards of trade
Eg. Carpenter, silversmith
Where were the largest town and most important
London
What were women viewed as
Wife, obedient, domestic, under authority of man
What beliefs about women did Mary confirm and how.
She seemed to have confirmed beliefs that women cant rules
by getting the country into war.
How could Elizabeth address her gender problem?
Prove she was as good as a ruler as any man and win over critics
Why did henry Vlll make himself head of church?
So he could divorce from his first wife and marry Anne boyeyn
Why did some catholics believe that Elizabeth was illegitimate ti the throne.
The pope didn’t authorise his divorce therefore henrys and annes marriage wasnt valid
Why was there little QE. Could do about her illegitimacy problem
Because even marriage and children couldnt change her parents illegitimate marriage
WhT did people expect QE, to do (heir probem)
Marry quick and have children to ensure political stability
Why did Elizabeth turn down 2 potential husbands in the early weeks of her reign.
She was focused on immediate problems of the war with france and religious settlement
Why would QE marrying a nobleman be problematic
Could cause anger and jealousy among other nobles
4 examples of the monarchs power
Punish criminals
Declare war make peace
Call and dismiss parliament
Regent laws
2 limits to the monarchs power
Had to be advised by leading nobles
No full time royal army
What was the court
Lived near the monarch
Members of nobility
What did the court do
Advise and influence the monarch
Display wealth
What was the secretary of state
Closest to the monarch
Advised the queen,
Sir William cecil help the position till 1573
What was parliament
Nobility and gentry
QE. Needed consent form new laws and taxes
queen summoned parliament
Who where the lord lieutenants
Chosen by monarch
Nobility and privy council
Trained local military
Oversaw policies and country defences
Who were the justices of the peace
Large land owners
Kept law in local areas
Unpaid, reported to privy council
Made sure all policies happened
Why was QE in debt
She inherited 300,000 Edwards war with Scotland and Mary’s with France.
What was QE expected to pay
All the costs of running the country and the royal household
Where could the monarch potentially get money from
Rent or sale of crown land
Fines
Taxes
(3) probelms of why QE would struggle to make money
Rents where fixed
Suffering high levels of inflation
Increase tax would risk loosing nobility/gentry support
Asking parliament to introduce new taxes would give them too much power
Why was it important that QE picked the correct privy council
Picked right = loyal team to help run country
Picked wrong = alienated some of the most powerful men in country
Why was the privy council important
Decided on big decisions ( war, religion and marriage)
Responsibility for administration
How were France and Scotland linked
They were both catholic
Why was there a threat of invasion with France
France was a catholic country and they wanted MQofS to be queen of England so they could invade on her behalf
Why was continuing war with France a good thing
Military victory we get the reign off to good start
Victory would end the danger of invasion from France and Scotland
Why was making peace with France good
Nothing to suggest that England could win the war
Could not afford to continue sending aid to phillip ll
Why had poverty increases throughout the 16th century
England with suffering high levels of inflation
there was a slump in trade and many lost their jobs
enclosure meant that fewer labourers were needed
Henry Vlll closed England’s monetary meaning there was less help for the poor
Why was poverty a problem
It was Elizabeth did nothing to tackle poverty
unpopularity could increase
people living through hardship with more like to join the rebellion
How is it shown that Elizabeth thought France war was a problem
She spent a lot of money on preparations which means she took it seriously even though she was in debt
Why was poverty less of a problem in 1558
There was a good harvest which gave Elizabeth breathing space
How did Elizabeth show that financial weakness was a problem
She severely cut back right from the beginning which shows important
What did the catholic religion want in the church
Keep the pope as head of church
expensive decorations
believe the clergy should not marry and wear a richly decorated robes
Bible in Latin
What does Protestants want in the church
Queen is head of church
less decorative
church clergy could marry and wear plain gowns
Bibble and English
What did puritans want in the church
Didn’t believe in the head of the church
very plain church
clergy should wear black gowns
Bible in English
Two reasons why religion was so important in the 16th century
Following the right religion would be rewarded by God
Religion gave people hope and support during times of hardship
Why did Elizabeth want everyone to follow the same religion
As division could lead to religious Civil War which would mean in England was weak if invaded
Three examples of religious rebellions in the past
Henry the eighth pilgrimage of grace
Edward peion and cornwall rebellion
Mary first wyatts rebellion
Why did many Protestants return home expecting a Protestant country after Mary the first
Elizabeth was Protestant
What would happen if the pope excommunicated Elizabeth
Catholic supports were released from obeying her and he could call Catholic powers in Europe to lead in religious crusades to overthrow
Why would compromise be difficult in the religious settlement
Catholics couldn’t accept a woman as head of church and puritans didn’t want the church that had decorations of Catholicism
Why did Elizabeth rule out a puritan religion
She didn’t want to turn a catholic subjects against her
Why was that general acceptance from Catholics and Protestants
There are clear elements in the settlement to please both
How did the bishops and clergy respond to the oath( religious settlemen)
Only one Bishop agreed
Why did Elizabeth leave part of the settlement open to interpretation
So she could satisfy both religions
How did the pope Spain and France respond to the religious settlement
None of them took any action against that settlement which gave Elizabeth time to enforce any laws
What did puritans disagree with and the religious settlement (4)
The head of church
the Catholic appearance of the church
the Bible and services
the religious robes
Which influential position did puritans hold increasing puritan threat
MPs in the House of Commons and members of the Queens Council
How did the puritans tried to persuade in Elizabeth to make changes
Push for removal of too catholic things
Campaigned about wearing plain black gowns
Why did Elizabeth refused to agree the puritans wishes
The puritans will never plot to overthrow her will have a foreign country to attack her
The puritans were minority
How did some Catholics oppose the settlement
They went to mass in secret or they did not go to church services at all
Why were the Catholics not a significant threat
If the Catholics were loyal to her Elizabeth would turn a blind eye
Why was Catholics potential threat a problem
This was significant because foreign catholic dominance surrounded England
