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Ucsp > Qe 1 > Flashcards

Qe 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is culture?

A

Sum of individuals way of life.

Example: Filipino culture includes traditional dances and cuisine.

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2
Q

What are non-material elements of culture?

A

(Intangible) Norms and values (Music, dance, poetry, and other forms of expressions)

Example: Poetry is a non-material element of culture.

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3
Q

What are material elements of culture?

A

(Tangible) Physical creations that members of society can MAKE, USE and SHARE. Fashion, Manners, and Technology, Architectural, advancement in medicine, transportation and communication

Example: Technology advancements are material elements of culture.

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4
Q

What is society?

A

Organized group of interdependent people who share a common territory, language, and culture, and who act together for collective survival and well-being.

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5
Q

What is politics?

A

Political institution Power to be maintained, organized, and exercised.

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6
Q

What is ethnicity?

A

Cultural concept, it is the expression of the set of cultural ideas held by a distinct ethnic or indigenous group.

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7
Q

What is religion?

A

Organized system of ideas about the spiritual sphere or the supernatural, along with associated ceremonial or ritualistic practices by which people try to interpret and/or influence.

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8
Q

What is exceptionalism?

A

Refers to the state of being intellectually gifted and/or having physically challenged.

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9
Q

What is nationality?

A

Legal relationship that binds a person and a county.

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10
Q

What are norms?

A

Norms of Decency and Conventionality.

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11
Q

What is conformity and deviance?

A

Conformity and Deviance.

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12
Q

What are taboos?

A

Taboos.

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13
Q

What is social change?

A

CHANGE IS COMING.

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14
Q

What is anthropology?

A

The essence of Anthropology, Political science and sociology.

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15
Q

What is political science?

A

Body of knowledge relating to the study of the state and government.

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16
Q

Why is it important to study culture, society and politics?

A

Environment?? History??

Example: Understanding culture, society, and politics helps in creating a harmonious society.

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17
Q

What is gender?

A

Male, Female… GENDER???

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18
Q

What is cultural change and expansion?

A

PROCESS OF CULTURAL CHANGE AND EXPANSION.

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19
Q

What is diffusion?

A

process by which cultural item spread group to group, society to society.

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20
Q

What is subculture?

A

members of a society do not behave or think exactly alike – religious or ethnic differences, social class.

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21
Q

What is counterculture?

A

deliberately opposes aspects of the larger culture.

22
Q

What is culture shock?

A

a feeling of uncertainty, disorientation, out of place or fear when immersed in an unfamiliar culture.

23
Q

What is cultural lag?

A

happens when cultural ideas used to regulate social life do not keep pace with social changes.

24
Q

What is cultural universal?

A

common features found in every culture.

25
Q

What is ethnocentrism?

A

refers to the tendency to assume that one’s own culture is superior compared to other culture.

26
Q

Cultural lag

A

happens when cultural ideas used to regulate social life do not keep pace with social changes

Example: Technology advancing faster than cultural norms

27
Q

Cultural universal

A

common features found in every culture

Example: Marriage customs found in all cultures

28
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

refers to the tendency to assume that one’s own culture is superior compared to other culture

Examples: Bullying, discrimination, intolerance

29
Q

Xenocentrism

A

refers to the tendency to assume that a foreign cultural element is superior compared to his/her own culture

Example: Preferring foreign cuisine over local cuisine

30
Q

Cultural relativism

A

viewing people’s behavior from the perspective of their own culture

Example: Understanding cultural practices without judgment

31
Q

Culture is learned

A

Acquired through senses, experiences
Training, observation and imitation
Formal or informal instruction, mass media

Example: Learning language through exposure

32
Q

Culture is shared

A

Communication, symbols
Commonality in a group – unity
Society Vs. Culture

Example: Shared traditions within a community

33
Q

Culture is cumulative

A

New knowledge is being added to what is existing
How has technology changed us? What will the next generation be like?

Example: Advancements in medicine building upon previous knowledge

34
Q

Culture is dynamic

A

No culture is ever in permanent state
They change over time, and these changes are adjustments to the prevailing environment

Example: Cultural norms evolving with societal changes

35
Q

Culture is diverse

A

Human culture consists of great cultures around the world, each of them is different

Example: Variations in cultural traditions across different regions

36
Q

A shared culture helps define the group or society to which we belong

A

Language describes culture and shapes it
Sociologists distinguish norms in two ways, classifying them as formal or informal
Culture is constantly expanding through the process of innovation, which includes both discovery and invention

Example: Cultural practices shaping societal norms

37
Q

Diffusion—the spread of cultural items from one place to another— has fostered globalization. Still, people resist ideas that seem too foreign, as well as those they perceive as threatening to their values and beliefs

A

A subculture is a small culture that exists within a larger, dominant culture. Countercultures are sub-cultures that deliberately oppose aspects of the larger culture

Example: Subcultures within a society maintaining unique traditions

38
Q

Anthropologist George Murdock compiled a list of cultural universals, or common practices found in every culture, including marriage, sports, cooking, medicine, and sexual restrictions

A

People who assume that their culture is superior to others engage in ethnocentrism, while cultural relativism is the practice of viewing other people’s behavior from the perspective of their own culture

Example: Recognizing common practices across diverse cultures

39
Q

Anthropology

A

Study of humankind whose concentration is on human and cultural evolution

Origin: 2 Greek words: “Anthropos” = humans, “Logos” = science or study of

40
Q

Political Science

A

Study of the state in all its elements, aspects and relationships

Mentioned by Laswell: POLITICS is the hows, whens and wheres of getting power and influence

41
Q

Sociology

A

Scientific study of human society and social interactions
Focus is the group not the individual
Study forces that molds individuals, shape their behavior and determine social events

Underlying Ideas: People are social by nature, Recurrent social patterns characterize groups

42
Q

Pioneers of Sociology

A

AUGUSTE COMTE (1798-1857)
Belief: need to understand society as it was, rather what ought to be.
Cerebral Hygiene
Coined “sociology”

HERBERT SPENCER (1820-1903)
Human societies evolved from simplest forms to more complex forms

43
Q

Who coined the term ‘sociology’?

A

Auguste Comte

Coined the term ‘sociology’ and believed in the need to understand society as it was, rather than what ought to be.

44
Q

According to Herbert Spencer, how did human societies evolve?

A

From simplest forms to more complex forms

Herbert Spencer believed in the evolution of human societies and the concept of survival of the fittest.

45
Q

What was Karl Marx critical of?

A

Capitalism

Karl Marx was critical of capitalism and believed that historical change occurs through class conflict between owners and workers.

46
Q

According to Emile Durkheim, what holds society together?

A

Bonds/functions (social integration)

Emile Durkheim believed that society is held together by social integration and different forms of solidarity.

47
Q

Who is known as the Mother of Sociology?

A

Harriet Martineau

Harriet Martineau believed in using research for social reform and is considered the Mother of Sociology.

48
Q

What is the focus of Structural Functionalism?

A

Views society as a living organism in which each part contributes to its survival

Structural Functionalism sees society as stable, well-integrated, and maintained through cooperation and consensus.

49
Q

What does Conflict theory stress?

A

Dynamic tension between classes

Conflict theory emphasizes competition and conflict arising from the dissimilar goals and interests of different social groups.

50
Q

What is the focus of Symbolic Interactionism?

A

How humans make sense out of life

Symbolic Interactionism focuses on how people create their social worlds through interaction and the manipulation of symbols.

Ucsp (2 decks)

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