Qe 1

Question 1

What is culture?

Answer 1

Sum of individuals way of life.

Example: Filipino culture includes traditional dances and cuisine.

Question 2

What are non-material elements of culture?

Answer 2

(Intangible) Norms and values (Music, dance, poetry, and other forms of expressions)

Example: Poetry is a non-material element of culture.

Question 3

What are material elements of culture?

Answer 3

(Tangible) Physical creations that members of society can MAKE, USE and SHARE. Fashion, Manners, and Technology, Architectural, advancement in medicine, transportation and communication

Example: Technology advancements are material elements of culture.

Question 4

What is society?

Answer 4

Organized group of interdependent people who share a common territory, language, and culture, and who act together for collective survival and well-being.

Question 5

What is politics?

Answer 5

Political institution Power to be maintained, organized, and exercised.

Question 6

What is ethnicity?

Answer 6

Cultural concept, it is the expression of the set of cultural ideas held by a distinct ethnic or indigenous group.

Question 7

What is religion?

Answer 7

Organized system of ideas about the spiritual sphere or the supernatural, along with associated ceremonial or ritualistic practices by which people try to interpret and/or influence.

Question 8

What is exceptionalism?

Answer 8

Refers to the state of being intellectually gifted and/or having physically challenged.

Question 9

What is nationality?

Answer 9

Legal relationship that binds a person and a county.

Question 10

What are norms?

Answer 10

Norms of Decency and Conventionality.

Question 11

What is conformity and deviance?

Answer 11

Conformity and Deviance.

Question 12

What are taboos?

Answer 12

Taboos.

Question 13

What is social change?

Answer 13

CHANGE IS COMING.

Question 14

What is anthropology?

Answer 14

The essence of Anthropology, Political science and sociology.

Question 15

What is political science?

Answer 15

Body of knowledge relating to the study of the state and government.

Question 16

Why is it important to study culture, society and politics?

Answer 16

Environment?? History??

Example: Understanding culture, society, and politics helps in creating a harmonious society.

Question 17

What is gender?

Answer 17

Male, Female… GENDER???

Question 18

What is cultural change and expansion?

Answer 18

PROCESS OF CULTURAL CHANGE AND EXPANSION.

Question 19

What is diffusion?

Answer 19

process by which cultural item spread group to group, society to society.

Question 20

What is subculture?

Answer 20

members of a society do not behave or think exactly alike – religious or ethnic differences, social class.

Question 21

What is counterculture?

Answer 21

deliberately opposes aspects of the larger culture.

Question 22

What is culture shock?

Answer 22

a feeling of uncertainty, disorientation, out of place or fear when immersed in an unfamiliar culture.

Question 23

What is cultural lag?

Answer 23

happens when cultural ideas used to regulate social life do not keep pace with social changes.

Question 24

What is cultural universal?

Answer 24

common features found in every culture.

Question 25

What is ethnocentrism?

Answer 25

refers to the tendency to assume that one’s own culture is superior compared to other culture.

Question 26

Cultural lag

Answer 26

happens when cultural ideas used to regulate social life do not keep pace with social changes ## Footnote Example: Technology advancing faster than cultural norms

Question 27

Cultural universal

Answer 27

common features found in every culture ## Footnote Example: Marriage customs found in all cultures

Question 28

Ethnocentrism

Answer 28

refers to the tendency to assume that one’s own culture is superior compared to other culture ## Footnote Examples: Bullying, discrimination, intolerance

Question 29

Xenocentrism

Answer 29

refers to the tendency to assume that a foreign cultural element is superior compared to his/her own culture ## Footnote Example: Preferring foreign cuisine over local cuisine

Question 30

Cultural relativism

Answer 30

viewing people’s behavior from the perspective of their own culture ## Footnote Example: Understanding cultural practices without judgment

Question 31

Culture is learned

Answer 31

Acquired through senses, experiences Training, observation and imitation Formal or informal instruction, mass media ## Footnote Example: Learning language through exposure

Question 32

Culture is shared

Answer 32

Communication, symbols Commonality in a group – unity Society Vs. Culture ## Footnote Example: Shared traditions within a community

Question 33

Culture is cumulative

Answer 33

New knowledge is being added to what is existing How has technology changed us? What will the next generation be like? ## Footnote Example: Advancements in medicine building upon previous knowledge

Question 34

Culture is dynamic

Answer 34

No culture is ever in permanent state They change over time, and these changes are adjustments to the prevailing environment ## Footnote Example: Cultural norms evolving with societal changes

Question 35

Culture is diverse

Answer 35

Human culture consists of great cultures around the world, each of them is different ## Footnote Example: Variations in cultural traditions across different regions

Question 36

A shared culture helps define the group or society to which we belong

Answer 36

Language describes culture and shapes it Sociologists distinguish norms in two ways, classifying them as formal or informal Culture is constantly expanding through the process of innovation, which includes both discovery and invention ## Footnote Example: Cultural practices shaping societal norms

Question 37

Diffusion—the spread of cultural items from one place to another— has fostered globalization. Still, people resist ideas that seem too foreign, as well as those they perceive as threatening to their values and beliefs

Answer 37

A subculture is a small culture that exists within a larger, dominant culture. Countercultures are sub-cultures that deliberately oppose aspects of the larger culture ## Footnote Example: Subcultures within a society maintaining unique traditions

Question 38

Anthropologist George Murdock compiled a list of cultural universals, or common practices found in every culture, including marriage, sports, cooking, medicine, and sexual restrictions

Answer 38

People who assume that their culture is superior to others engage in ethnocentrism, while cultural relativism is the practice of viewing other people’s behavior from the perspective of their own culture ## Footnote Example: Recognizing common practices across diverse cultures

Question 39

Anthropology

Answer 39

Study of humankind whose concentration is on human and cultural evolution ## Footnote Origin: 2 Greek words: “Anthropos” = humans, “Logos” = science or study of

Question 40

Political Science

Answer 40

Study of the state in all its elements, aspects and relationships ## Footnote Mentioned by Laswell: POLITICS is the hows, whens and wheres of getting power and influence

Question 41

Sociology

Answer 41

Scientific study of human society and social interactions Focus is the group not the individual Study forces that molds individuals, shape their behavior and determine social events ## Footnote Underlying Ideas: People are social by nature, Recurrent social patterns characterize groups

Question 42

Pioneers of Sociology

Answer 42

AUGUSTE COMTE (1798-1857) Belief: need to understand society as it was, rather what ought to be. Cerebral Hygiene Coined “sociology” ## Footnote HERBERT SPENCER (1820-1903) Human societies evolved from simplest forms to more complex forms

Question 43

Who coined the term 'sociology'?

Answer 43

Auguste Comte ## Footnote Coined the term 'sociology' and believed in the need to understand society as it was, rather than what ought to be.

Question 44

According to Herbert Spencer, how did human societies evolve?

Answer 44

From simplest forms to more complex forms ## Footnote Herbert Spencer believed in the evolution of human societies and the concept of survival of the fittest.

Question 45

What was Karl Marx critical of?

Answer 45

Capitalism ## Footnote Karl Marx was critical of capitalism and believed that historical change occurs through class conflict between owners and workers.

Question 46

According to Emile Durkheim, what holds society together?

Answer 46

Bonds/functions (social integration) ## Footnote Emile Durkheim believed that society is held together by social integration and different forms of solidarity.

Question 47

Who is known as the Mother of Sociology?

Answer 47

Harriet Martineau ## Footnote Harriet Martineau believed in using research for social reform and is considered the Mother of Sociology.

Question 48

What is the focus of Structural Functionalism?

Answer 48

Views society as a living organism in which each part contributes to its survival ## Footnote Structural Functionalism sees society as stable, well-integrated, and maintained through cooperation and consensus.

Question 49

What does Conflict theory stress?

Answer 49

Dynamic tension between classes ## Footnote Conflict theory emphasizes competition and conflict arising from the dissimilar goals and interests of different social groups.

Question 50

What is the focus of Symbolic Interactionism?

Answer 50

How humans make sense out of life ## Footnote Symbolic Interactionism focuses on how people create their social worlds through interaction and the manipulation of symbols.