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1
Q

Envenenamiento agudo por salicilatos

A

Alcalosis respiratoria aguda

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2
Q

Que volumen o capacidad pulmonar no puede ser medida directamente a través de la espirometría

A

Capacidad residual funcional

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3
Q

Clinica de epiglotitis y agente causal

A

Hemophilus influenzae

Estridor, odinofagia, salivación, apariencia tóxica, fiebre, leucocitosis, signo radiológico de “thumbprint”

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4
Q

Ante hipoxia. Cambios en arteriolas sistémicas vs pulmonares

A

Arteriolas sistémicas: se dilatan

Arteriolas pulmonares: se contraen➡high altitude sickness

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5
Q

Curva de disociación hacia la derecha
Tejidos extraen O2 mas fácil
Disminuye contenido de O2

A

⬆temperatura
⬆PCO2
⬆2,3DPG
⬆H+

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6
Q

Cri-du-Chat

5p deletion

A 
Ventricular septal defect 
Short stature 
Distorted laryngeal anatomy 
Mental retardation 
Microcephaly
Micrognathia 
Wide nasal bridge 
Wide set eyes 
Downward slanted eyes
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7
Q

Wilms Tumor

WAGR sx

A

Wilms tumor
Aniridia
Genito-urinary malformations
Mental retardation

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8
Q

Predictor de pronóstico

A

Estadio del tumor

TNM

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9
Q

Sturge Weber syndrome (4)

Sporadically

A

Facial port wine stain
Leptomeingeal angiomatosis
Neurologic findings (hemiparesis, retardation, seizures)
Glaucoma ^ pheochromocytoma

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10
Q

Neurifibromatosis type 1

Chrom 17
AD
CAFE SPOT

A

Benign subcutaneous neurofibromas

Cafe au lait macules 
Axillary Freckling 
Eye "lisch" nodules 
Scoliosis 
Pheochromocytoma 
Optic Tumors (optic glioma)
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11
Q

Kartagener syndrome

A

Chronic sinusitis and bronchiectasis

Situs inversus totalis

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12
Q

Bone tumors
Diaphysis

FOR

A

Fibrous dysplasia
Osteoid osteoma
Round cell lesions ⚌EWING SARCOMA t(11;22), myeloma

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13
Q

Blue cell tumors (5)

A 
Ewing sarcoma 
Lymphoma 
Neuroblastoma 
Rhabdomyosarcoma 
Desmoplastic small round cell tumor

➕PAS, CD99, MIC1

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14
Q

Melanoma markers (2)

A

HMB45

S100

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15
Q

Metaphysis (3)

OSO

A

Osteosarcoma
Simple bone cyst
Osteochondroma

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16
Q

Epiphysis

A

Giant cell tumor

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17
Q

Paget disease in breast ⚌ ?

A

Underlying invasive or in situ ductal adenocarcinoma

➕mucin, PAS, cytokeratin

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18
Q

Multiple myeloma

M spike within the gamma region IgG
Symptoms? CRAB

A

hyperCalcemia
Renal dysfunction (bence jones protein)
Anemia
lytic Bone lesions

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19
Q

Seminoma 🍳

A

➕placental alkaline phosphatase

Neoplastic cells: prominent nucleoli and clear cytoplasm

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20
Q

⬆AFP

tumors ? (2)

A 
Yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor
Mixed embryonal carcinoma
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21
Q

Ethylene glycol poisoning (4)

A

CNS depression 😖
metabolic acidosis 🍋
oxalate crystalluria
nephrotoxicity

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22
Q

Bence Jones proteins 🚽

A

IgG light chains excreted in urine

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23
Q

Dx rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren sx

A

➕SS-A/B (Ro and La antibodies)

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24
Q

Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome

A

Opsoclonus⚌rapid involuntary, horizontal and vertical conjugate fast eye movements

Myoclonus⚌brief involuntary twitching of muscles

👶neuroblastoma, 👨small cell lung carcinoma

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25
Q

CREST Sx ⚌ limited scleroderma

A

Anti-centromere antibodies

Calcinosis
Raynaud phenom
Esophageal dysmotility 
Sclerodactyly 
Telangiectasias
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26
Q

Diffuse scleroderma

Antibody ?

A

Anti-Scl-70

27
Q

Serum markers for mixed connective tissue disease ?

SLE + Myositis + scleroderma + RA

A

Anti-U1 ribonucleoprotein and rheumatoid factor

28
Q

Cirrhosis, skin pigmentation, impotence in males, DM, CHF

A

Hemochromatosis

⬆iron, ⬆ferritin, ⬆transferrin saturation, ⬇TIBC

29
Q

Acute intermitent porphyria

5P’s

A

Porphobilinogen deaminase

Peripheral neuropathy 
Painful abdomen
Pink urine
Psychiatric sequelae 
Paralysis
30
Q

Screen for osteoblastic bony metastases in prostate cancer

A

Alkaline phosphatase

31
Q

Falsely high values of HbA1c

A

Iron or B12/folate deficiency anemia
Renal failure
Bone marrow suppression w/OH
Splenectomy

32
Q

Breast metastasis

A

Produce both lytic (PTHrP) and blastic lesions

33
Q

Stain for iron deposition in hemochromatosis

A

Prussian blue

34
Q

Predisposing factor for ectopic pregnancy

A

PID

35
Q

Bacterial endocarditis

A 
Roth's spots 👀
Osler nodes 🖐
Petechiae 
Splinter hemorrhages 
Janeway lesions
36
Q

Lynch sx ⚌ HNPCC

AD

A

Mutation in DNA mismatch repair genes

⬆risk for colon, gastric, endometrial cancers

37
Q

Neuroblastoma

CROSS MIDLINE

A

Amplification of the MYCN oncogene

Elevated serum homovalinic acid

38
Q

ESR ⬇ (rate at which red cells settle in blood)

A

Polycythemia
Sickle cell anemia
CHF

39
Q

PSaMMoma

A

Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of th ovary
Meningioma
Malignant Mesothelioma

40
Q

von Hippel Lindau disease
AD
VHL 3p25

A

Hemangioblastomas
Renal cell carcinomas
Pheochromocytomas

41
Q

➕ coombs test at 37°C

A

Warm agglutinin type ➡IgG
Caused by:
Medications (methyldopa), SLE, lymphoma

42
Q

➕ Coombs test at 4°C

A

Cold agglutinins. Triggered by Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, lymphomas

43
Q

Lambert Eaton

A

Ab against presinaptic Ca++ channel

Strength improves w/repeated testing

44
Q

Tumor suppressor genes located on chromosome 17

A

BRCA 1
NF 1
p53

45
Q

Fragile X syndrome

A

CGG expansion repeats in the FMR1 gene of the X chromosome

MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE

46
Q

Pulseless disease

A

Takayasu arteritis

47
Q

Rosette 💮

A

Contains a central lumen

Ependymoma, retinoblastoma, medulloblastoma

48
Q

Pseudorosette 🌷

A

Lacks a lumen and surround material or a blood vessel

49
Q

Acute promyelocytic leukemia

Treatment

A

t(15:17)
Auer Rods
ATRA

50
Q

Acute promyelocytic leukemia

Treatment

A

t(15:17)
Auer Rods
ATRA

51
Q

Damaged valves

Subacute endocarditis

A

Strept viridans

52
Q

Prosthetic valves

Endocarditis

A

Staph epidermidis

53
Q

Endocarditis in colon cancer

A

Strept bovis

54
Q

t(8;22)

A

MYC gene transloc w/lambda light chain (10-15%)

55
Q

t(2;8)

A

MYC gene transloc w/kappa light chain (5%)

56
Q

Ulnar nerve compressed at the level of the cubital tunnel

A

Radial deviation of the hand ➡️ flexor carpi ulnaris

Loss of sensation

57
Q

Rb mutation increases risk for ? (2)

A

Retinoblastoma

Osteosarcoma

58
Q

Clonidine

A

Alpha 2 agonist

59
Q

Isoproterenol

A

Nonselective b agonist

60
Q

Phentolamine

A

Nonselective alpha antagonist

61
Q

Timolol

A

Nonselective beta antagonist

62
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Alpha 1 agonist

63
Q

Exceptions to informed consent

A

Emergency; life threatening conditions
Waiver by patient
Patient is incompetent
Therapeutic privilege

64
Q

Diabetic neuropathy causes atrophy of the

A

Lumbricals and interosseous muscles

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