QBank Flashcards
All
Envenenamiento agudo por salicilatos
Alcalosis respiratoria aguda
Que volumen o capacidad pulmonar no puede ser medida directamente a través de la espirometría
Capacidad residual funcional
Clinica de epiglotitis y agente causal
Hemophilus influenzae
Estridor, odinofagia, salivación, apariencia tóxica, fiebre, leucocitosis, signo radiológico de “thumbprint”
Ante hipoxia. Cambios en arteriolas sistémicas vs pulmonares
Arteriolas sistémicas: se dilatan
Arteriolas pulmonares: se contraen➡high altitude sickness
Curva de disociación hacia la derecha
Tejidos extraen O2 mas fácil
Disminuye contenido de O2
⬆temperatura
⬆PCO2
⬆2,3DPG
⬆H+
Cri-du-Chat
5p deletion
Ventricular septal defect Short stature Distorted laryngeal anatomy Mental retardation Microcephaly Micrognathia Wide nasal bridge Wide set eyes Downward slanted eyes
Wilms Tumor
WAGR sx
Wilms tumor
Aniridia
Genito-urinary malformations
Mental retardation
Predictor de pronóstico
Estadio del tumor
TNM
Sturge Weber syndrome (4)
Sporadically
Facial port wine stain
Leptomeingeal angiomatosis
Neurologic findings (hemiparesis, retardation, seizures)
Glaucoma ^ pheochromocytoma
Neurifibromatosis type 1
Chrom 17
AD
CAFE SPOT
Benign subcutaneous neurofibromas
Cafe au lait macules Axillary Freckling Eye "lisch" nodules Scoliosis Pheochromocytoma Optic Tumors (optic glioma)
Kartagener syndrome
Chronic sinusitis and bronchiectasis
Situs inversus totalis
Bone tumors
Diaphysis
FOR
Fibrous dysplasia
Osteoid osteoma
Round cell lesions ⚌EWING SARCOMA t(11;22), myeloma
Blue cell tumors (5)
Ewing sarcoma Lymphoma Neuroblastoma Rhabdomyosarcoma Desmoplastic small round cell tumor
➕PAS, CD99, MIC1
Melanoma markers (2)
HMB45
S100
Metaphysis (3)
OSO
Osteosarcoma
Simple bone cyst
Osteochondroma
Epiphysis
Giant cell tumor
Paget disease in breast ⚌ ?
Underlying invasive or in situ ductal adenocarcinoma
➕mucin, PAS, cytokeratin
Multiple myeloma
M spike within the gamma region IgG
Symptoms? CRAB
hyperCalcemia
Renal dysfunction (bence jones protein)
Anemia
lytic Bone lesions
Seminoma 🍳
➕placental alkaline phosphatase
Neoplastic cells: prominent nucleoli and clear cytoplasm
⬆AFP
tumors ? (2)
Yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor Mixed embryonal carcinoma
Ethylene glycol poisoning (4)
CNS depression 😖
metabolic acidosis 🍋
oxalate crystalluria
nephrotoxicity
Bence Jones proteins 🚽
IgG light chains excreted in urine
Dx rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren sx
➕SS-A/B (Ro and La antibodies)
Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome
Opsoclonus⚌rapid involuntary, horizontal and vertical conjugate fast eye movements
Myoclonus⚌brief involuntary twitching of muscles
👶neuroblastoma, 👨small cell lung carcinoma
CREST Sx ⚌ limited scleroderma
Anti-centromere antibodies
Calcinosis Raynaud phenom Esophageal dysmotility Sclerodactyly Telangiectasias
Diffuse scleroderma
Antibody ?
Anti-Scl-70
Serum markers for mixed connective tissue disease ?
SLE + Myositis + scleroderma + RA
Anti-U1 ribonucleoprotein and rheumatoid factor
Cirrhosis, skin pigmentation, impotence in males, DM, CHF
Hemochromatosis
⬆iron, ⬆ferritin, ⬆transferrin saturation, ⬇TIBC
Acute intermitent porphyria
5P’s
Porphobilinogen deaminase
Peripheral neuropathy Painful abdomen Pink urine Psychiatric sequelae Paralysis
Screen for osteoblastic bony metastases in prostate cancer
Alkaline phosphatase
Falsely high values of HbA1c
Iron or B12/folate deficiency anemia
Renal failure
Bone marrow suppression w/OH
Splenectomy
Breast metastasis
Produce both lytic (PTHrP) and blastic lesions
Stain for iron deposition in hemochromatosis
Prussian blue
Predisposing factor for ectopic pregnancy
PID
Bacterial endocarditis
Roth's spots 👀 Osler nodes 🖐 Petechiae Splinter hemorrhages Janeway lesions
Lynch sx ⚌ HNPCC
AD
Mutation in DNA mismatch repair genes
⬆risk for colon, gastric, endometrial cancers
Neuroblastoma
CROSS MIDLINE
Amplification of the MYCN oncogene
Elevated serum homovalinic acid
ESR ⬇ (rate at which red cells settle in blood)
Polycythemia
Sickle cell anemia
CHF
PSaMMoma
Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of th ovary
Meningioma
Malignant Mesothelioma
von Hippel Lindau disease
AD
VHL 3p25
Hemangioblastomas
Renal cell carcinomas
Pheochromocytomas
➕ coombs test at 37°C
Warm agglutinin type ➡IgG
Caused by:
Medications (methyldopa), SLE, lymphoma
➕ Coombs test at 4°C
Cold agglutinins. Triggered by Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, lymphomas
Lambert Eaton
Ab against presinaptic Ca++ channel
Strength improves w/repeated testing
Tumor suppressor genes located on chromosome 17
BRCA 1
NF 1
p53
Fragile X syndrome
CGG expansion repeats in the FMR1 gene of the X chromosome
MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE
Pulseless disease
Takayasu arteritis
Rosette 💮
Contains a central lumen
Ependymoma, retinoblastoma, medulloblastoma
Pseudorosette 🌷
Lacks a lumen and surround material or a blood vessel
Acute promyelocytic leukemia
Treatment
t(15:17)
Auer Rods
ATRA
Acute promyelocytic leukemia
Treatment
t(15:17)
Auer Rods
ATRA
Damaged valves
Subacute endocarditis
Strept viridans
Prosthetic valves
Endocarditis
Staph epidermidis
Endocarditis in colon cancer
Strept bovis
t(8;22)
MYC gene transloc w/lambda light chain (10-15%)
t(2;8)
MYC gene transloc w/kappa light chain (5%)
Ulnar nerve compressed at the level of the cubital tunnel
Radial deviation of the hand ➡️ flexor carpi ulnaris
Loss of sensation
Rb mutation increases risk for ? (2)
Retinoblastoma
Osteosarcoma
Clonidine
Alpha 2 agonist
Isoproterenol
Nonselective b agonist
Phentolamine
Nonselective alpha antagonist
Timolol
Nonselective beta antagonist
Phenylephrine
Alpha 1 agonist
Exceptions to informed consent
Emergency; life threatening conditions
Waiver by patient
Patient is incompetent
Therapeutic privilege
Diabetic neuropathy causes atrophy of the
Lumbricals and interosseous muscles
