Qbank Flashcards

1
Q

A second generation antipsychotic used in treatment resistant schizophrenia

A

Clozapine

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2
Q

Risk factor associated with clozapine

A

Neutropenia and weight gain

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3
Q

Patient who experience acute knee pain, difficulty walking after jumping off a ladder has a high riding patella on x-ray. This presentation is consistent with?

A

Patellar tendon rupture 

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4
Q

4 Classic examination findings for a patellar tendon rupture

A

Knee effusion

Anterior knee tenderness

Inability to actively extend the knee against gravity,

maintain a straight leg while flexing at the hip

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5
Q

Management of patellar tendon rupture

A

Early surgical intervention in less than 10 days

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6
Q

Impaired ability to dorsiflex the foot indicates damage to what nerve

A

Deep, peroneal nerve 

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7
Q

type of inflammatory bowel disease involves the rectum extends proximally to affect a variable length of the colon.
It is recognized as a multifactorial polygenic disease, as the exact etiology is still unknown. Included in the etiologic theories are environmental factors, immune dysfunction, and a likely genetic predisposition

A

Ulcerative colitis

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8
Q

usually involves only the mucosa, with the formation of crypt abscesses and a coexisting depletion of goblet cell mucin histology of what disease

A

Ulcerative colitis

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9
Q

Treatment for severe ulcerative colitis

A

Cyclosporine or infliximab

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10
Q

Endometriosis
Pathogenesis

A

Ectopic implantation, endometrial glands

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11
Q

Endometriosis
Clinical features 7

A

Dyspareunia
Dysmenorrhea
Dyschezia
Chronic pelvic pain
Cyclic dysuria
Hematuria
Infertility

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12
Q

Endometriosis
Exam findings

A

Immobile uterus,
cervical motion tenderness, adnexal mass,
rectovaginal septum, posterior cul-de-sac, ureteral sac ligament, nodules

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13
Q

Endometriosis
Treatment

A

Oral contraceptives
NSAIDS
SURGICAL RESECTION

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14
Q

Most effective contraceptive method
>99% efficacy

A

Progestin subdural implant

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15
Q

cells in the kidney that synthesize, store, and secrete the enzyme renin

A

Juxtaglomerular cells

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16
Q

a chronic pathologic process caused by injury to podocytes in the renal glomeruli. It manifests initially with proteinuria, which progresses to nephrotic syndrome and ultimately to end-stage renal failure.

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

17
Q

Drug
a weak antagonist of the NMDA-type glutamate receptor, increases dopamine release, and blocks dopamine reuptake.

A

Amantadine

18
Q

It works by preventing levodopa from being broken down before it reaches the brain.

A

Carbidopa

19
Q

Metabolized into oxalic and glycolic acid

A

Ethylene glycol

20
Q

Typically from pesticide exposure, presents with signs of cholinergic excess
DUMBELS

A

Organophosphate poisoning

21
Q

Treatment of organophosphate poisoning

A

Atropine

Pralidoxime

22
Q

Mechanism of action atropine in organophosphate poisoning

A

Reverses muscarinic symptoms

23
Q

Mechanism of action, pralidoxime in organophosphate poisoning

A

Reverses, nicotinic, and muscarinic symptoms administered after atropine

24
Q

Antidote for Etheline glycol poisoning

A

Fomepizole , or ethanol

25
Q

Enzyme that facilitates the conversion of ethylene glycol into toxic biproducts

A

Alcoholdehydrogenase

26
Q

IV chelating agent given for severe arsenic poisoning

A

Dimercaprol 

27
Q

What are risk factors associated with giardiasis

A

Contaminated food/water,
fecal incontinence/crowding
immunodeficiency

28
Q

Pathogenesis of giardiasis

A

Villous blunting disruption of epithelial tight junctions loss of brush border enzymes malabsorption 

29
Q

Giardiasis first line treatments
Adults
Children
Pregnancy
Refractory

A

Tinidazole/nitazoxanide
Metronidazole
Paromomycin
Evaluation for immunodeficiency