Qbank Flashcards
A second generation antipsychotic used in treatment resistant schizophrenia
Clozapine
Risk factor associated with clozapine
Neutropenia and weight gain
Patient who experience acute knee pain, difficulty walking after jumping off a ladder has a high riding patella on x-ray. This presentation is consistent with?
Patellar tendon rupture 
4 Classic examination findings for a patellar tendon rupture
Knee effusion
Anterior knee tenderness
Inability to actively extend the knee against gravity,
maintain a straight leg while flexing at the hip
Management of patellar tendon rupture
Early surgical intervention in less than 10 days
Impaired ability to dorsiflex the foot indicates damage to what nerve
Deep, peroneal nerve 
type of inflammatory bowel disease involves the rectum extends proximally to affect a variable length of the colon.
It is recognized as a multifactorial polygenic disease, as the exact etiology is still unknown. Included in the etiologic theories are environmental factors, immune dysfunction, and a likely genetic predisposition
Ulcerative colitis
usually involves only the mucosa, with the formation of crypt abscesses and a coexisting depletion of goblet cell mucin histology of what disease
Ulcerative colitis
Treatment for severe ulcerative colitis
Cyclosporine or infliximab
Endometriosis
Pathogenesis
Ectopic implantation, endometrial glands
Endometriosis
Clinical features 7
Dyspareunia
Dysmenorrhea
Dyschezia
Chronic pelvic pain
Cyclic dysuria
Hematuria
Infertility
Endometriosis
Exam findings
Immobile uterus,
cervical motion tenderness, adnexal mass,
rectovaginal septum, posterior cul-de-sac, ureteral sac ligament, nodules
Endometriosis
Treatment
Oral contraceptives
NSAIDS
SURGICAL RESECTION

Most effective contraceptive method
>99% efficacy
Progestin subdural implant
cells in the kidney that synthesize, store, and secrete the enzyme renin
Juxtaglomerular cells
a chronic pathologic process caused by injury to podocytes in the renal glomeruli. It manifests initially with proteinuria, which progresses to nephrotic syndrome and ultimately to end-stage renal failure.
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Drug
a weak antagonist of the NMDA-type glutamate receptor, increases dopamine release, and blocks dopamine reuptake.
Amantadine
It works by preventing levodopa from being broken down before it reaches the brain.
Carbidopa
Metabolized into oxalic and glycolic acid
Ethylene glycol
Typically from pesticide exposure, presents with signs of cholinergic excess
DUMBELS
Organophosphate poisoning
Treatment of organophosphate poisoning
Atropine
Pralidoxime
Mechanism of action atropine in organophosphate poisoning
Reverses muscarinic symptoms
Mechanism of action, pralidoxime in organophosphate poisoning
Reverses, nicotinic, and muscarinic symptoms administered after atropine
Antidote for Etheline glycol poisoning
Fomepizole , or ethanol
Enzyme that facilitates the conversion of ethylene glycol into toxic biproducts
Alcoholdehydrogenase
IV chelating agent given for severe arsenic poisoning
Dimercaprol 
What are risk factors associated with giardiasis
Contaminated food/water,
fecal incontinence/crowding
immunodeficiency
Pathogenesis of giardiasis
Villous blunting disruption of epithelial tight junctions loss of brush border enzymes malabsorption 
Giardiasis first line treatments
Adults
Children
Pregnancy
Refractory
Tinidazole/nitazoxanide
Metronidazole
Paromomycin
Evaluation for immunodeficiency