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QAQC Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two areas of activity designed to ensure the best possible diagnosis?

A

Quality Assurance and Quality Control

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2
Q

According to which standards shall registrants and licensees establish a comprehensive QA program for medical exposures?

A

International Basic Safety Standards (IBSS) in 2014

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3
Q

What does The Joint Commission (TJC) promote?

A

The Ten-Step Monitoring and Evaluation Process

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4
Q

What is the organized effort of a facility to ensure high standards of quality?

A

Quality Assurance

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5
Q

In QA, who is principally responsible for attention from the imaging team?

A

radiologist and the imaging service management.

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6
Q

What is designed to ensure that the radiologist is provided with an optimal image?

A

QC

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7
Q

Was the report of diagnosis promptly prepared, distributed, and filed for subsequent evaluation?

A

QA

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8
Q

What are the three steps of an acceptable QC program?

A

Acceptance Testing, Routine Performance Monitoring, Maintenance

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9
Q

What is the organized effort by staff in radiology to ensure high-quality diagnostic images?

A

Quality Assurance

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10
Q

Who principally requires team effort in QC?

A

medical physicist.

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11
Q

What does QC deal with?

A

instrumentation and equipment.

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12
Q

What monitors proper scheduling, reception, and preparation?

A

QA

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13
Q

What begins with imaging systems and continues with routine evaluation?

A

QC

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14
Q

What does Quality Assurance deal with?

A

people

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15
Q

What is performed at the installation of the equipment to check performance?

A

Acceptance Testing

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16
Q

What are examples of Routine Performance Testing?

A

Different timetables (daily, monthly, annually) can be used depending on the nature of the test.

Safety system tests (emergency stop), X-ray tube performance (nominal kV), Image quality tests (resolution, artifacts), Display performance, Dosimetry

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17
Q

What is done daily by Radtech?

A

System inspection, physical inspection, secondary erasure of IP

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18
Q

What involves image interpretation?

A

QA

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19
Q

What concludes with a dedicated analysis of each image?

A

QC

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20
Q

What provides baseline values for image quality and radiation dose?

A

Commissioning testing

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21
Q

What is maintenance that is a planned program of parts replacement?

A

Preventive

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22
Q

What is verification of displayed image and phantom image quality control testing done weekly by?

A

Radtech

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23
Q

What maintenance is due to a failure in the system?

A

Non-scheduled

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24
Q

What is Outcome Analysis?

A

QA

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25
Q

What evaluates image quality and patient dose, acceptance tests to re-establish baseline value?

A

Semi-annually/ Annually by Medical Physicist

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26
Q

What maintenance is performed on a routine basis?

A

Scheduled

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27
Q

What is done monthly by Radtech?

A

Inspect and clean IR, review image rejection rate, and QC review of ‘Out of tolerance’ issues

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28
Q

What is done semiannually/annually by Medical Physicist?

A

Review of PT exposure trends, retake activity, QC records, service history

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29
Q

What does adherence to policies and procedures refer to?

A

QA

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30
Q

What involves periodic testing and maintenance of performance throughout its lifespan?

A

QC

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31
Q

What is the estimation of radiation dose to patients, workers, and public?

A

QA

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32
Q

What is the determination and follow-up of imaging protocols?

A

QC

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33
Q

What is a proactive strategy in QA?

A

QA

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34
Q

What is the training of workers related to?

A

QA

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35
Q

What is a reactive strategy in QC?

A

QC

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36
Q

What is process-oriented in QA?

A

QA

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37
Q

What is a managing tool in QA?

A

QA

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38
Q

What does QC detect?

A

Defects

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39
Q

What is the acceptance and commission of a radiographic device?

A

QC

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40
Q

What does QA prevent?

A

defects

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41
Q

What is a corrective tool in QC?

A

QC

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42
Q

What is product-oriented in QC?

A

QC

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43
Q

What is everyone’s responsibility in QA?

A

QA

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44
Q

What is the testing team’s responsibility in QC?

A

QC

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45
Q

What are things to consider when planning and establishing a QA/QC program?

A

Commitment and support of radiology personnel to sustain the program, Establishment of standards of image quality, Conduct of film analysis every month, Establishment of standard darkroom techniques and conduct darkroom QC checks, Conduct of preventive maintenance and quality control checks, Establishment of standard protocols in performing different examination, Establishment of a radiation safety program, Conduct of continuous education and training

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46
Q

Who are in the hospital QA/QC team?

A

Hospital Chief Radiologist, Chief Radiologic Technologist, Medical Physicist, Other Radiologists and Radiology Resident Physicians, Other Radiologic Technologists

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47
Q

Who are in the hospital QA/QC committee?

A

Chief of Hospital, Administrative Officer, Chief Radiologist, Chief Radiologic Technologist, Chief Physicist, Hospital Maintenance Engineer / Technician, Others

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48
Q

What are the responsibilities of a hospital QA/QC team?

A

Do periodic film analysis and monthly film analysis report to the QA/QC committee, Establish additional radiographic technique charts when needed, or revise existing technique charts when appropriate, Establish additional darkroom processing charts or revise existing ones when necessary, Do periodic quality control test of x-ray equipment and accessories, and darkroom equipment and accessories, Keep a room logbook which contains all the test data on equipment and accessories, and all the changes or repairs done to all equipment and accessories in the room, sample images, procedures for QC tests, etc, Keep all brochures and technical manuals pertaining to equipment and accessories.

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49
Q

What are the responsibilities of a hospital QA/QC committee?

A

Meet regularly to discuss film analysis report, QC test results, other reports and problems of the radiology department, Decide on corrective action to be implemented and on other matters related to the program, Keep a record of minutes of meetings

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50
Q

What are the components of quality management programs?

A

Equipment quality control, Administrative responsibilities, Risk management, Radiation safety program

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51
Q

What is the ability to identify potential risk to patients, employees, and visitors?

A

Risk management

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52
Q

What involves evaluation of equipment performance to ensure proper image quality?

A

Equipment Quality Control

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53
Q

What involves the establishment of various processes to accomplish specific departmental tasks?

A

Administrative responsibilities

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54
Q

What does ALARA stand for?

A

As low as reasonable achievable

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55
Q

What are the cardinal principles?

A

Time, Distance, Shielding

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56
Q

What ensures that patient exposure is kept as low as reasonably achievable?

A

Radiation Safety Program

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57
Q

What are designed to transfer film cassettes to and from the darkroom without radiation light entering?

A

Hatches

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58
Q

What is a room from which normal light is excluded?

A

Darkroom

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59
Q

What is the size of a darkroom?

A

10 square meter, 15.9.5 ft for 200 radiographs per day, Height: 2.5-3m

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60
Q

Should a darkroom be close to damp and hot areas?

A

F. it must be away from damp or hot areas.

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61
Q

How far must the wet and dry section be?

A

4ft

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62
Q

Where is the negatoscope located in the darkroom?

A

Wet section

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63
Q

What is the thickness of concrete in a darkroom?

A

Concrete: 6in

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64
Q

What is the thickness of hollow blocks in a darkroom?

A

filled with cement

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65
Q

What is the thickness of wood in a darkroom?

A

lined with 1.5mm Pb

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66
Q

What are typically wall-mounted and include automatic interlocks?

A

Hatches

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67
Q

Should a darkroom be placed where the radtech is required to walk a lot of steps?

A

F. As few steps as possible

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68
Q

Where is a darkroom located in radiology?

A

Centrally

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69
Q

What type of paint must a darkroom have?

A

must be matte finished

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70
Q

What are the material characteristics of the floor in a darkroom?

A

Non-porous flooring, Non-slip flooring, Chemical resistant, Stain proof, Durable and easy to maintain, Light colored (low-light working conditions)

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71
Q

What materials are used for DR floors?

A

Asphalt tiles, Porcelain tiles, Clay tiles, Plastic tiles

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72
Q

What is the color of the wall in DR?

A

Ivory or light gray color, matte finished

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73
Q

What is the humidity in the darkroom storage room?

A

40-60%

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74
Q

What is the humidity in the darkroom itself?

A

30-60%

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75
Q

What is designed to eliminate heat and fumes?

A

DR ventilation

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76
Q

What materials are used in painting walls and ceilings?

A

Enamel, epoxy, Special paints, Varnish, Ceramic, Plastic wall

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77
Q

What are the types of entrances in DR?

A

Single-Door system, Double-door system, Labyrinth or maze type entrance, Rotating or revolving door system

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78
Q

What is the temperature in DR?

A

20 degrees Celsius (old), 18-24 (new)

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79
Q

What is the most efficient but most expensive door system?

A

Rotating or revolving door system

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80
Q

What should be the rate of air changes and air movement in DR?

A

8-10 per hr and, 15-25ft/min

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81
Q

What can achieve fairly satisfactory ventilation?

A

extractor fan

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82
Q

What type of light is used for inspection and maintenance in darkrooms?

A

White light

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83
Q

What type of darkroom door system has easy access characteristics?

A

Labyrinth.Maze type entrance

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84
Q

What door system is used only when there is darkroom personnel exclusive in the DR?

A

Double-door system

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85
Q

What is the wattage of white light in DR?

A

Tungsten (60W), Fluorescent (30W)

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86
Q

What is the simplest type of door system?

A

Single door system

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87
Q

How many switches should a white light have?

A

more than 1 switch is preferable with its respective identification

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88
Q

What is the precaution for fire safety in darkrooms?

A

ideally, all darkrooms should be provided with an alternative exit, which should be indicated clearly and left unobstructed at all times.

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89
Q

What intensity should a white light have in a darkroom?

A

Moderate in intensity

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90
Q

What is the distance of safelight from the workbench?

A

6ft

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91
Q

What is used to exclude dust and dirt from sensitive films?

A

Use of cassette

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92
Q

How often should a safelight filter be cleaned?

A

PERIODICALLY!

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93
Q

What are the types of darkroom illumination?

A

Direct safelight, Indirect safelight

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94
Q

What does making the correct selection of safelight filter mean?

A

choosing a filter, which will transmit a color to which the film is relatively unresponsive, while stopping all light to which the film is most sensitive.

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95
Q

What is the most common safelight?

A

Direct safelight fixture type

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96
Q

What type of bulb does an indirect safelight use?

A

Sodium vapor

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97
Q

What is the material used in a safelight filter?

A

Sheet of gelatin dyed to appropriate color, sandwiched between two sheets of glass for protection

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98
Q

What is the wattage of a safelight?

A

7.5W at 3ft, 15W at 4ft

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99
Q

What happens when white light is passed through colored filters?

A

certain wavelengths or colors are absorbed by the filters, while those wavelengths, which correspond to the color of the filters will be transmitted.

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100
Q

What is a monochromatic film safelight?

A

Kodak Wratten 6B filter, Amber filter (400-450 nm), Kodak Morlite

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101
Q

What is a panchromatic film filter?

A

Total Darkness, sensitive to all light (1200nm)

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102
Q

What is an orthochromatic film filter?

A

Red Filter (500-550nm), Kodak GBX2

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103
Q

What are the effects of excessive safelight exposure?

A

Fogging, loss of contrast

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104
Q

Are safelights completely safe for films?

A

F. NO. safelight filters are not perfect absorbers of the undesirable wavelengths and in truth, all films have some sensitivity to all wavelengths

105
Q

What chemical is used to remove undeveloped silver halide crystals from the film?

106
Q

What are the types of hangers?

A

Clip type, Channel type, Spring type

107
Q

What must be kept to a minimum to avoid significant fogging?

A

intensity of illumination and the film-handling time

108
Q

Where is unexposed film stored?

A

Film hopper

109
Q

What are the darkroom equipment?

A

Automatic Processor, Manual Processing Unit, Processing Chemicals, Film Hangers, Cassette, Film Storage Hopper, Loading Bench, Cupboards

110
Q

What are the three health safety considerations in the processing area?

A

Electrical safety, General safety, Chemical hazards

111
Q

What is a Manual Processing unit composed of?

A

four tanks: Developer, Rinsing, Fixer, Washing

112
Q

What should be kept away from sinks?

A

All electrical equipment

113
Q

Storage of unexposed film?

A

Film hopper

114
Q

Darkroom Equipment are?

A

Automatic Processor, Manual Processing Unit, Processing Chemicals, Film Hangers, Cassette, Film Storage Hopper, Loading Bench, Cupboards

115
Q

3 health safety in processing area?

A

Electrical safety, General safety, Chemical hazards

116
Q

Manual Processing unit is composed of how many tanks?

A

Four tanks: Developer, Rinsing, Fixer, Washing

117
Q

What type of safety is keeping electrical equipment away from sinks and manual processing units?

A

Electrical Safety

118
Q

The DR can have at least how many tanks?

119
Q

What is a cassette?

A

A rectangular or square plastic or metallic container used to hold x-ray film (exposed or unexposed) and intensifying screens in close uniform contact with one another.

120
Q

Processing tanks are made up of what material?

A

Stainless steel to avoid erosion

121
Q

What is a by-product of fixer solution during processing?

A

SILVER complex of monoargento-dithiosulfuric acid

122
Q

What is a film hanger?

A

An instrument or device for holding radiographic film during processing procedure, available in various sizes, made up of stainless steel.

123
Q

What chemical is used to convert latent image to manifest image?

124
Q

What is the purpose of using a cassette?

A

To exclude all light from entering the cassette and fogging the film, and to maintain a close and uniform contact between the screen and the film.

125
Q

What type of health and safety standard involves handling processing chemicals?

A

Chemical hazard

126
Q

How should film boxes be kept to avoid artifacts?

A

Vertically placed

127
Q

What type of safety includes matching the maximum level of safelighting with film sensitivity?

A

General safety

128
Q

What type of switch is used in DR?

A

Pull-chord switch for lights

129
Q

What safety equipment should be available within the processing area for each procedure?

A

Safety glasses, facemask, rubber gloves, and plastic apron

130
Q

What are the two areas of activity designed to ensure the best possible diagnosis?

A

Quality Assurance and Quality Control

131
Q

According to which standards shall registrants and licensees establish a comprehensive QA program for medical exposures?

A

International Basic Safety Standards (IBSS) in 2014

132
Q

What does The Joint Commission (TJC) promote?

A

The Ten-Step Monitoring and Evaluation Process

133
Q

What is the organized effort of a facility to ensure high standards of quality?

A

Quality Assurance

134
Q

In QA, who is principally responsible for attention from the imaging team?

A

radiologist and the imaging service management.

135
Q

What is designed to ensure that the radiologist is provided with an optimal image?

136
Q

Was the report of diagnosis promptly prepared, distributed, and filed for subsequent evaluation?

137
Q

What are the three steps of an acceptable QC program?

A

Acceptance Testing, Routine Performance Monitoring, Maintenance

138
Q

What is the organized effort by staff in radiology to ensure high-quality diagnostic images?

A

Quality Assurance

139
Q

Who principally requires team effort in QC?

A

medical physicist.

140
Q

What does QC deal with?

A

instrumentation and equipment.

141
Q

What monitors proper scheduling, reception, and preparation?

142
Q

What begins with imaging systems and continues with routine evaluation?

143
Q

What does Quality Assurance deal with?

144
Q

What is performed at the installation of the equipment to check performance?

A

Acceptance Testing

145
Q

What are examples of Routine Performance Testing?

A

Different timetables (daily, monthly, annually) can be used depending on the nature of the test.

Safety system tests (emergency stop), X-ray tube performance (nominal kV), Image quality tests (resolution, artifacts), Display performance, Dosimetry

146
Q

What is done daily by Radtech?

A

System inspection, physical inspection, secondary erasure of IP

147
Q

What involves image interpretation?

148
Q

What concludes with a dedicated analysis of each image?

149
Q

What provides baseline values for image quality and radiation dose?

A

Commissioning testing

150
Q

What is maintenance that is a planned program of parts replacement?

A

Preventive

151
Q

What is verification of displayed image and phantom image quality control testing done weekly by?

152
Q

What maintenance is due to a failure in the system?

A

Non-scheduled

153
Q

What is Outcome Analysis?

154
Q

What evaluates image quality and patient dose, acceptance tests to re-establish baseline value?

A

Semi-annually/ Annually by Medical Physicist

155
Q

What maintenance is performed on a routine basis?

156
Q

What is done monthly by Radtech?

A

Inspect and clean IR, review image rejection rate, and QC review of ‘Out of tolerance’ issues

157
Q

What is done semiannually/annually by Medical Physicist?

A

Review of PT exposure trends, retake activity, QC records, service history

158
Q

What does adherence to policies and procedures refer to?

159
Q

What involves periodic testing and maintenance of performance throughout its lifespan?

160
Q

What is the estimation of radiation dose to patients, workers, and public?

161
Q

What is the determination and follow-up of imaging protocols?

162
Q

What is a proactive strategy in QA?

163
Q

What is the training of workers related to?

164
Q

What is a reactive strategy in QC?

165
Q

What is process-oriented in QA?

166
Q

What is a managing tool in QA?

167
Q

What does QC detect?

168
Q

What is the acceptance and commission of a radiographic device?

169
Q

What does QA prevent?

170
Q

What is a corrective tool in QC?

171
Q

What is product-oriented in QC?

172
Q

What is everyone’s responsibility in QA?

173
Q

What is the testing team’s responsibility in QC?

174
Q

What are things to consider when planning and establishing a QA/QC program?

A

Commitment and support of radiology personnel to sustain the program, Establishment of standards of image quality, Conduct of film analysis every month, Establishment of standard darkroom techniques and conduct darkroom QC checks, Conduct of preventive maintenance and quality control checks, Establishment of standard protocols in performing different examination, Establishment of a radiation safety program, Conduct of continuous education and training

175
Q

Who are in the hospital QA/QC team?

A

Hospital Chief Radiologist, Chief Radiologic Technologist, Medical Physicist, Other Radiologists and Radiology Resident Physicians, Other Radiologic Technologists

176
Q

Who are in the hospital QA/QC committee?

A

Chief of Hospital, Administrative Officer, Chief Radiologist, Chief Radiologic Technologist, Chief Physicist, Hospital Maintenance Engineer / Technician, Others

177
Q

What are the responsibilities of a hospital QA/QC team?

A

Do periodic film analysis and monthly film analysis report to the QA/QC committee, Establish additional radiographic technique charts when needed, or revise existing technique charts when appropriate, Establish additional darkroom processing charts or revise existing ones when necessary, Do periodic quality control test of x-ray equipment and accessories, and darkroom equipment and accessories, Keep a room logbook which contains all the test data on equipment and accessories, and all the changes or repairs done to all equipment and accessories in the room, sample images, procedures for QC tests, etc, Keep all brochures and technical manuals pertaining to equipment and accessories.

178
Q

What are the responsibilities of a hospital QA/QC committee?

A

Meet regularly to discuss film analysis report, QC test results, other reports and problems of the radiology department, Decide on corrective action to be implemented and on other matters related to the program, Keep a record of minutes of meetings

179
Q

What are the components of quality management programs?

A

Equipment quality control, Administrative responsibilities, Risk management, Radiation safety program

180
Q

What is the ability to identify potential risk to patients, employees, and visitors?

A

Risk management

181
Q

What involves evaluation of equipment performance to ensure proper image quality?

A

Equipment Quality Control

182
Q

What involves the establishment of various processes to accomplish specific departmental tasks?

A

Administrative responsibilities

183
Q

What does ALARA stand for?

A

As low as reasonable achievable

184
Q

What are the cardinal principles?

A

Time, Distance, Shielding

185
Q

What ensures that patient exposure is kept as low as reasonably achievable?

A

Radiation Safety Program

186
Q

What are designed to transfer film cassettes to and from the darkroom without radiation light entering?

187
Q

What is a room from which normal light is excluded?

188
Q

What is the size of a darkroom?

A

10 square meter, 15.9.5 ft for 200 radiographs per day, Height: 2.5-3m

189
Q

Should a darkroom be close to damp and hot areas?

A

F. it must be away from damp or hot areas.

190
Q

How far must the wet and dry section be?

191
Q

Where is the negatoscope located in the darkroom?

A

Wet section

192
Q

What is the thickness of concrete in a darkroom?

A

Concrete: 6in

193
Q

What is the thickness of hollow blocks in a darkroom?

A

filled with cement

194
Q

What is the thickness of wood in a darkroom?

A

lined with 1.5mm Pb

195
Q

What are typically wall-mounted and include automatic interlocks?

196
Q

Should a darkroom be placed where the radtech is required to walk a lot of steps?

A

F. As few steps as possible

197
Q

Where is a darkroom located in radiology?

198
Q

What type of paint must a darkroom have?

A

must be matte finished

199
Q

What are the material characteristics of the floor in a darkroom?

A

Non-porous flooring, Non-slip flooring, Chemical resistant, Stain proof, Durable and easy to maintain, Light colored (low-light working conditions)

200
Q

What materials are used for DR floors?

A

Asphalt tiles, Porcelain tiles, Clay tiles, Plastic tiles

201
Q

What is the color of the wall in DR?

A

Ivory or light gray color, matte finished

202
Q

What is the humidity in the darkroom storage room?

203
Q

What is the humidity in the darkroom itself?

204
Q

What is designed to eliminate heat and fumes?

A

DR ventilation

205
Q

What materials are used in painting walls and ceilings?

A

Enamel, epoxy, Special paints, Varnish, Ceramic, Plastic wall

206
Q

What are the types of entrances in DR?

A

Single-Door system, Double-door system, Labyrinth or maze type entrance, Rotating or revolving door system

207
Q

What is the temperature in DR?

A

20 degrees Celsius (old), 18-24 (new)

208
Q

What is the most efficient but most expensive door system?

A

Rotating or revolving door system

209
Q

What should be the rate of air changes and air movement in DR?

A

8-10 per hr and, 15-25ft/min

210
Q

What can achieve fairly satisfactory ventilation?

A

extractor fan

211
Q

What type of light is used for inspection and maintenance in darkrooms?

A

White light

212
Q

What type of darkroom door system has easy access characteristics?

A

Labyrinth.Maze type entrance

213
Q

What door system is used only when there is darkroom personnel exclusive in the DR?

A

Double-door system

214
Q

What is the wattage of white light in DR?

A

Tungsten (60W), Fluorescent (30W)

215
Q

What is the simplest type of door system?

A

Single door system

216
Q

How many switches should a white light have?

A

more than 1 switch is preferable with its respective identification

217
Q

What is the precaution for fire safety in darkrooms?

A

ideally, all darkrooms should be provided with an alternative exit, which should be indicated clearly and left unobstructed at all times.

218
Q

What intensity should a white light have in a darkroom?

A

Moderate in intensity

219
Q

What is the distance of safelight from the workbench?

220
Q

What is used to exclude dust and dirt from sensitive films?

A

Use of cassette

221
Q

How often should a safelight filter be cleaned?

A

PERIODICALLY!

222
Q

What are the types of darkroom illumination?

A

Direct safelight, Indirect safelight

223
Q

What does making the correct selection of safelight filter mean?

A

choosing a filter, which will transmit a color to which the film is relatively unresponsive, while stopping all light to which the film is most sensitive.

224
Q

What is the most common safelight?

A

Direct safelight fixture type

225
Q

What type of bulb does an indirect safelight use?

A

Sodium vapor

226
Q

What is the material used in a safelight filter?

A

Sheet of gelatin dyed to appropriate color, sandwiched between two sheets of glass for protection

227
Q

What is the wattage of a safelight?

A

7.5W at 3ft, 15W at 4ft

228
Q

What happens when white light is passed through colored filters?

A

certain wavelengths or colors are absorbed by the filters, while those wavelengths, which correspond to the color of the filters will be transmitted.

229
Q

What is a monochromatic film safelight?

A

Kodak Wratten 6B filter, Amber filter (400-450 nm), Kodak Morlite

230
Q

What is a panchromatic film filter?

A

Total Darkness, sensitive to all light (1200nm)

231
Q

What is an orthochromatic film filter?

A

Red Filter (500-550nm), Kodak GBX2

232
Q

What are the effects of excessive safelight exposure?

A

Fogging, loss of contrast

233
Q

Are safelights completely safe for films?

A

F. NO. safelight filters are not perfect absorbers of the undesirable wavelengths and in truth, all films have some sensitivity to all wavelengths

234
Q

What chemical is used to remove undeveloped silver halide crystals from the film?

235
Q

What are the types of hangers?

A

Clip type, Channel type, Spring type

236
Q

What must be kept to a minimum to avoid significant fogging?

A

intensity of illumination and the film-handling time

237
Q

Where is unexposed film stored?

A

Film hopper

238
Q

What are the darkroom equipment?

A

Automatic Processor, Manual Processing Unit, Processing Chemicals, Film Hangers, Cassette, Film Storage Hopper, Loading Bench, Cupboards

239
Q

What are the three health safety considerations in the processing area?

A

Electrical safety, General safety, Chemical hazards

240
Q

What is a Manual Processing unit composed of?

A

four tanks: Developer, Rinsing, Fixer, Washing

241
Q

What should be kept away from sinks?

A

All electrical equipment

242
Q

Storage of unexposed film?

A

Film hopper

243
Q

Darkroom Equipment are?

A

Automatic Processor, Manual Processing Unit, Processing Chemicals, Film Hangers, Cassette, Film Storage Hopper, Loading Bench, Cupboards

244
Q

3 health safety in processing area?

A

Electrical safety, General safety, Chemical hazards

245
Q

Manual Processing unit is composed of how many tanks?

A

Four tanks: Developer, Rinsing, Fixer, Washing

246
Q

What type of safety is keeping electrical equipment away from sinks and manual processing units?

A

Electrical Safety

247
Q

The DR can have at least how many tanks?

248
Q

What is a cassette?

A

A rectangular or square plastic or metallic container used to hold x-ray film (exposed or unexposed) and intensifying screens in close uniform contact with one another.

249
Q

Processing tanks are made up of what material?

A

Stainless steel to avoid erosion

250
Q

What is a by-product of fixer solution during processing?

A

SILVER complex of monoargento-dithiosulfuric acid

251
Q

What is a film hanger?

A

An instrument or device for holding radiographic film during processing procedure, available in various sizes, made up of stainless steel.

252
Q

What chemical is used to convert latent image to manifest image?

253
Q

What is the purpose of using a cassette?

A

To exclude all light from entering the cassette and fogging the film, and to maintain a close and uniform contact between the screen and the film.

254
Q

What type of health and safety standard involves handling processing chemicals?

A

Chemical hazard

255
Q

How should film boxes be kept to avoid artifacts?

A

Vertically placed

256
Q

What type of safety includes matching the maximum level of safelighting with film sensitivity?

A

General safety

257
Q

What type of switch is used in DR?

A

Pull-chord switch for lights

258
Q

What safety equipment should be available within the processing area for each procedure?

A

Safety glasses, facemask, rubber gloves, and plastic apron

iuu (1 decks)

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