QA within the development process QFD – House of Quality & Functional Analysis Flashcards
Quality Function Deployment
What does that mean?
• Q (= Quality): to plan the quality which is
required from the customer
• F (=Function): to ensure the required quality
across the enterprise
• D (=Deployment): effectively developing and
making practical use of one’s customer oriented strategy
- QFD is a planning method to translate customer’s requirements into requirements for developers.
- QFD is used during development projects. It tents to cover all customer requirements and to translate them into measurable quality characteristics.
- QFD was developed in Japan in 1966 and it was used for the first time in 1972 by Mitsubishi.
Quality Function Deployment
Using the QFD(-elements)
QFD is typically used in:
- designing a new product and / or services
- modification of an existing product and / or service
- design / modification of procedures and / and processes
- planning a service concept
- selection of variants
Examples
• selection of a system (e.g. IT, printing machine)
• setting of an ISO system
• redesign of business processes
• developing corporate strategy and objectives
Quality Function Deployment
The Approach
- Determining relevant customer groups
- Registering customer requirements (QFD-CR)
- Deducing quality characteristics (QFD-QC)
- Specification of target figures of the QFD-QC
- Checking interactions (e.g. office hours with number of employees)
- Comparison with the products and services of competitors
Quality Function Deployment
Market-Orientation / Prod.-Development
x axis - Better product development (Voice of Engineers)
y axis - Better market orientation ( Voice of the Customer)
x low- y low make the wrong product incorrectly
x high - y low make the wrong product correctly
x low - y high make the right product incorrectly
x high - y high make the right product correctly
Quality Function Deployment
House of Quality - Workflow
- Customer requirements (CR), weighting
- Quality characteristics (QC)
- Correlation, Optimisation
- Connection of CR and QC
- Importance (technical)
- Difficulty (technical)
Benchmark (technology)
Benchmark (customer)
Customers evaluation
Quality Function Deployment
Involved in QFD-Process
The project analysis defines the QFD-Team
• Who has information about the requirements?
• Who knows most about the customer?
• Who is designing and developing solutions?
QFD – the four phases by ASI
American Supplier Institute
Product planning
Component planning
Process planning
Production planning
Emil Jovanov‘s Service-QFD
The Project
- Workshop to determine the customer requirements
- Workshop to create and elaborate the „House of Quality“
- Creative workshop (product, components, process and production planning)
- Strategy workshop (Testing and implementation phase)
Quality Function Deployment
Pros and Cons
Pros
• systematic integration of customer requirements in the development
• competitiveness of concepts can be detected early
• it improves the internal information and communication flow
• number of subsequent changes can be reduced
• shorter development times for new products or services
Cons
• relatively high effort in terms of costs, time and man capacity
• tends to become highly complex (but by the use of IT, it can be controlled)
• risk of translation errors – often customer and developer do not share the
same language (internationalisation)
Functional Analysis
The functional analysis allows the development and
improvement of services in an purposeful manner!
- What are the effects of things or activities?
- Are they functional (satisfaction of needs)?
- How are the concepts (dynamic, relative and process-oriented)?
Functional Analysis – Functional
Analysis System Technique (FAST)
• FAST is used to investigate concepts and impacts of products and services.
• Its main approach is based on 3 steps:
1. Capture all objects which have to be analysed by collecting and
evaluating information according to their functional (output) effects,
2. Identify features by describing in Noun-Verb-Form,
3. Structure the functions by showing the mutual relations between them.
Functional Analysis
The Procedure - Workflow
• Firstly, information about the planned product / service
has to be collected
• Secondly, all functions are to be designed
• Thirdly, the functional structure (functional tree) has to
be designed
• Furthermore, the functions have to be qualified
- formation of a hierarchical order (rank the rankings)
- Evaluation from the customer’s perspective
- Allocation of measurable parameters and objects
Functional Analysis
Pros and Cons & Summary
Pros • systematic approach • way to find completely new ideas Cons • quite complex and complicated Summary • QFD is a planning method in order to translate customers’ requirements into requirements for developers. • The functional analysis is used to examine concepts and impacts of products and servicers.
