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HC Quality Management > QA #2 > Flashcards

QA #2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are instruments or tools used to gather information

A

Measures

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2
Q

What is any type of measurement used to gauge a quantifiable component of performance.

A

Metric

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3
Q

What is the way in which an individual, a group, or an organization carries out or accomplishes its important functions and processes.

A

Performance

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4
Q

What is a tool that is usually used in the form of a number or statistic?

A

Measurement

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5
Q

The numbers are known as ________ or ________

A

performance measures or quality indicators

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6
Q

A measure expressed as a percentage is generally _____ useful than a measure expressed as an absolute number

A

More

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7
Q

What clearly communicates a measure’s prevalence in a population?

A

A percentage

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8
Q

What compares two things?

A

Ratio

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9
Q

What must have a denominator and numerator?

A

An average

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10
Q

Can averages be misleading?

A

Yes, because there could be outliers

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11
Q

T/F

You should exclude outliers when calculating an average.

A

True

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12
Q

Why should outliers be examined separately?

A

To figure out the root causes

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13
Q

What are four good characteristics of measurements?

A

Accuracy, usefulness, east to interpret, and consistently reported

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14
Q

What is used to judge the adequacy of the environment (physical and organizational resources) that supports healthcare delivery

A

Structure Measures

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15
Q

What is used to judge whether patient care and support functions are properly performed

A

Process Measures

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16
Q

What is used to judge the results of patient care and support functions

A

Outcome Measures

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17
Q

What is used to judge “whether something that should happen in a health care setting actually happened or how often it happened” (AHRQ 2016)

A

Patient Experience Measures

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18
Q

Healthcare organizations use two tiers of measures to evaluate performance. What are they?

A
  • System level measure

- Activity level measure

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19
Q

What measures overall performance of processes and activities?

A

System Level

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20
Q

What measures individual process or activity performance

A

Activity Level

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21
Q

Using a combination of system and activity allows a healthcare organization to do what?

A
  • Judge whether overall performance goals are being met

- Identify where frontline improvements may be needed

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22
Q

What two things guide the different level measures use by healthcare organizations for quality management?

A

External influence & Internal Influence

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23
Q

_________ is government regulations, accreditation standards, purchaser requirements

A

External Influence

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24
Q

_______ is the organization’s strategic priorities

A

Internal Influence

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25
Q

What is used to determine whether clinicians are making the right patient management choices?

A

Process Measures

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26
Q

What are used to evaluate the results of those choices

A

Outcome Measures

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27
Q

Outcome and Process Measures are used in decision-making processes by who?

A

Physicians and other clinicians

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28
Q
  1. Identify the topic
  2. Develop the measure
  3. Design the data collection system
    What are these steps for?
A

The process for measure construction

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29
Q

Clinical decision-making measures are primarily ___________ process measures

A

Evidence-based

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30
Q

What are data that describes the extent to which current best evidence is used in making decisions about patient care.

A

Evidence-based measures

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31
Q

Determining what you want to know is known as what?

A

Identifying the topic of interest

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32
Q

Defining the measures that will be used to answer the questions is known as what?

A

Developing the measure

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33
Q

Ensuring that useful and accurate performance information is gathered, valid and reliable data sources must be identified is known as what?

A

Designing the data collection system

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34
Q

A _____ data source contains the correct information

A

Valid

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35
Q

A ______ data source consistently contains the information

A

Reliable

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36
Q

What is representative portion of a larger group (the population)?

A

Sample

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37
Q

What is a measure is free from random error and yields consistent results regardless of the individuals gathering the data?

A

Interrater Reliability

38
Q

What are frameworks for displaying system-level performance measures

A

Balanced Scorecards

39
Q

T/F
Components of structured performance management systems that align an organization’s vision and mission with operational objectives

A

True

40
Q

What are the categories of scorecards?

A
  • Financial
  • Customer
  • Internal business Process
  • Learning and growing
41
Q

The assessment phase involves what 3 activities?

A
  • Displaying measurement data
  • Comparing actual performance with expectations
  • Determining whether action is needed
42
Q

What is a measure of the middle or expected center value of a dataset. The most common measures of central tendency are the arithmetic mean, the median, and the mode

A

Central Tendency

43
Q

T/F
Pareto charts allow organizations to prioritize improvement efforts on the “vital most” sources of problems and not be distracted by those of lesser importance.

A

False- vital few

44
Q

_________ should be tied to a pre-defined goal or expectation.

A

Performance Measures

45
Q

________ of measurement results should be associated with goals and expectation

A

Interpretation

46
Q

_______ without defined performance expectations does not contribute to quality improvement.

A

Measurements

47
Q

Performance targets may be established based on what three things?

A
  1. Opinion
  2. Criteria
  3. Performance comparison and Benchmarking
48
Q

______ subjective belief regarding good performance

A

Opinion

49
Q

______ appropriate standards, rules, or principles developed through clinical practice guidelines, consensus statements, and position papers

A

Criteria

50
Q

What does SPC stand for?

A

Statistical Process Control

51
Q

What allows the organizations to highlight performance variations and control performance.

A

Statistical Process Control

52
Q

T/F
Statistical Process Control are primarily based on the importance of increasing process variation to consistently achieve desired results over time.

A

False- reducing

53
Q

Performance stability is evaluated by determining the amount of variation is _____ or ______

A

Stable or Unstable

54
Q

____ means in a state of statistical control

A

Stable

55
Q

_____ means out of statistical control

A

Unstable

56
Q

Method for analyzing performance problems and enacting improvements to ensure good performance.

A

PI

57
Q

Analyzing the performance of various processes and improving them repeatedly to achieve quality objectives.

A

CI

58
Q

Steady, incremental improvement in the organization’s overall performance

A

QI

59
Q

Ongoing improvement of processes as a way to improve the quality of the outputs.

A

CQI

60
Q

Performance improvment shuld be ______

A

Systematic

61
Q

What does PDS(C)A stand for?

A
  • Plan
  • Do
  • Study (Check)
  • Act
62
Q

What does FOCUS stand for?

A
  • Find
  • Organize
  • Clarify
  • Understand
  • Select
63
Q 
Choose PDS(C)A
\_\_\_\_\_ the change by studying the process and determine ways to measure success
A

Plan

64
Q 
Choose PDS(C)A
\_\_\_\_ the change on a small scale
A

Do

65
Q 
Choose PDS(C)A
\_\_\_\_\_ the data to determine whether the change produced the desired improvements
A

Check

66
Q 
Choose PDS(C)A
\_\_\_\_ to maintain the gains
A

Act

67
Q

Choose FOCUS

_____ a process that needs improvement

A

Find

68
Q

Choose FOCUS

_____ a team of people knowledgeable about the process

A

Organize

69
Q

Choose FOCUS

______ the current process and the changes needed to achieve the improvement

A

Clarify

70
Q

Choose FOCUS

_____ the causes of variation by measuring performance at various steps in the process

A

Understand

71
Q

Choose FOCUS

_____ actions needed to improve the process

A

Select

72
Q

What is the average amount of weeks per improvement cycle?

A

Varies around 6 weeks

73
Q

T/F
The rapid cycle improvement includes several big process changes and careful measurement of those changes to achieve an improvement goal

A

False- Small processes

74
Q

T/F the rapid cycle improvement is an accelerated method of collecting and analyzing data and making changes based on that analysis

A

True

75
Q

What does FADE stand for?

A
  • Focus
  • Analyze
  • Develop
  • Execute
76
Q

Choose FADE

  • Choose a problem

- Write a statement about the problem

A

Focus

77
Q

Choose FADE

  • Learn more about the problem

- Gather performance data

A

Analyze

78
Q

Choose FADE

  • Develop a solution for the problem

- Develop an implementation plan

A

Develop

79
Q

Choose FADE

  • Implement the plan
  • Monitor results
  • Adjust the plan as needed
A

Execute

80
Q

What are the 8 wastes?

A
  1. Defects
  2. Overprocessing
  3. Waiting
  4. Non-utilized Talents
  5. Transportation
  6. Inventory
  7. Motion
  8. Extra Processing
81
Q

What are the 5S?

A

Sort, Sustain, Scrub, Standardize, and Straighten

82
Q

What is a special type of visual control used to indicate the need for movement of materials or patients?

A

Kanban

83
Q

What are these steps an example of?

  1. Defining the mistake to be prevented
  2. Determining the root cause of the mistake
  3. Develop a device or method to prevent the mistake or make it easier to identify and correct
A

Mistake Proofing

84
Q

What is a special type of process map that illustrates the system perspective of an activity

A

Value Stream Map

85
Q

Value Stream Mapping identifies what?

A

Value-adding vs Non-value adding steps and related measurements

86
Q

What is a simple and nonverbal way to relay information to others?

A

Visual Control

87
Q

What does DMAIC stand for?

A
  • Define
  • Measure
  • Analyze
  • Improve
  • Control
88
Q

Define _______

A

Define the problem

89
Q

Measure ______

A

Measure key aspect of the process

90
Q

Analyze ____

A

Analyze the data

91
Q

Improve _____

A

Improve the system

92
Q

Control _____

A

Control and sustain the improvement

HC Quality Management (3 decks)

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