Q7: Phonological Rules Flashcards
L darkening
L becomes dark L in syllable codas
Plosive aspiration
Voiceless plosives in the onset of a stressed syllable or word initial syllable are aspirated
except after [s]
Approximant devoicing
If the conditions of plosive aspiration are met, but the plosive is followed by an approximant, aspiration is not heard and the approximant is devoiced
What is the mnemonic to remember non-contrastive consonant allophones?
Little Pink Aliens Attack Dodgy Pervy Doctors Once Definitely Told Go
Plosive devoicing
Voiced plosives are devoiced at the beginning of a phrase
Obstruent Devoicing
voiced obstruents tend to be devoiced at the end of a phrase or preceding a voiceless consonant
T-Glotalling
t may be realised as [?] after a vowel
Regressive place assimilation
alveolars /t d n/ may assimilate in place to a following bilabial or velar (pen pal/pain killer)
nasals may assimilate in place to a following labiodental
alveolar /s z/ may assimilate to following palatoalveolar
Progressive place assimilation
suffixes /-s/ and /-d/ may assimilate in voicing to the preceding consonant
voiceless = /-s/-t/
voiced = /-z/-d/
Vowel Nasalistation
vowels before a nasal consonant are nasalised
Mnemonic for Assimilation
Reasonably Perky Asses Block Very Narrow Lanes As Peter Parker Personally Said Very Naughtily
T/D Deletions
/t d/ may be deleted between 2 other consonants
-never before h, and not in /nt/ or /lt/
H Dropping
initial H may not be pronounced in weak forms of function words
Unstressed Vowel Deletions
schwa may be deleted between two similar places of articulations
Linking and Intrusive -R
coda -r is pronounced when preceding a vowel and is resyllabified as an onset
