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2021 Biology paper 1 (May) > Q6: Meiosis > Flashcards

Q6: Meiosis Flashcards

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1
Q

Meiosis

A

Usually produces four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

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2
Q

Gene

A

A length of DNA that codes for a polypeptide

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3
Q

Locus

A

The position of a gene on a chromosome or DNA molecule

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4
Q

Allele

A

One of the different forms of a particular gene

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5
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

A pair of chromosomes, one maternal, one paternal, that have the same gene loci

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6
Q

Gamete

A

sex cell

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7
Q

In sexual reproduction two gametes fuse…

A

to give rise to new offspring

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8
Q

Diploid number

A

Each cell contains two of each chromosome, one from each parent.

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9
Q

Every diploid organism has …

A

two complete sets of chromosomes, one provided by each parent

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10
Q

Zygote

A

Formed from two gametes from fertilisation, divides and develops into a new organism.

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11
Q

Gametes number of chromosomes

A

haploid

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12
Q

Diploid number

in algebra

A

2n

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13
Q

Haploid number

A

one copy of each chromosome

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14
Q

During sexual reproduction, fertilisation is…

A

random

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15
Q

The mixing of genetic material in sexual reproduction increases…

A

genetic diversity within a species

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16
Q

Random fertilisation produces zygotes with…

A

different combinations of chromosomes to both parents

17
Q

Meiosis occurs in

A

the reproductive organs

18
Q

What happens before meiosis starts?

A

the DNA unravels and replicates, so there are two copies of each chromosome -chromatids

19
Q

The DNA condenses to form…

A

double-armed chromosomes, each made from two sister chromatids which are joined by a centromere.

20
Q

Meiosis 1

A

first division

21
Q

What happens in meiosis 1

A
  • the chromosomes arrange themselves into homologous pairs,

- these homologous pairs are then separated, halving the chromosome number,

22
Q

Meiosis 2

A

second division

23
Q

What happens in meiosis 2

A
  • The pairs of sister chromatids that make up each chromosome are separated and the centromere divides
  • Four haploid cells (gametes) that are genetically different from each other are produced
24
Q

How many homologous pairs in humans?

A

23

25
Q

Crossing over

A

During meiosis 1,

The chromatids of homologous pairs twist round each other and bits of chromatids swap over.

26
Q

Difference in chromatids after crossing over

A

the chromatids contain the same genes but have a different combination of alleles

2021 Biology paper 1 (May) (14 decks)

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