Q5: Hormones + blood glucose, insulin, gluconeogenesis

Question 1

The regulation of blood glucose

is an example of

Answer 1

how different hormones interact in achieving homeostasis

Question 2

Where are hormones produced?

Answer 2

glands

Question 3

Glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood

Answer 3

endocrine glands

Question 4

How are hormones carried?

Answer 4

in the blood plasma

Question 5

Target cells of hormones

Answer 5

cells on which they act which have specific receptors on their cell-surface membranes that are complementary to a specific hormone

Question 6

Hormones length of effect

Answer 6

can be effective in very low concentrations

but often have long-lasting and widespread effects

Question 7

Second messenger model

Answer 7

mechanism of hormone action in regulation of blood glucose involving adrenaline and glucagon

Question 8

Pancreas

Answer 8

large, pale gland which is situated in the upper abdomen, behind the stomach.

Question 9

Islets of Langerhans

Answer 9

Hormone producing cells

Question 10

Pancreas is made up of

Answer 10

cells that produces its digestive enzymes

Question 11

Islets of Langerhans cells

2

Answer 11

alpha cells

beta cells

Question 12

Alpha islets of Langerhans cells

Answer 12

larger and produce glucagon

Question 13

Beta islets of Langerhans cells

Answer 13

smaller and produce insulin

Question 14

Liver made up of

Answer 14

cells called hepatocytes

Question 15

Where are hormones such as insulin and glucagon produced?

and where do they have their effects?

Answer 15

produced in the pancreas

effects in the liver

Question 16

Glycogenesis

Answer 16

conversion of glucose into glycogen

Question 17

Glycogenolysis

Answer 17

breakdown of glycogen into glucose

Question 18

Gluconeogenesis

MUST KNOW FOR EXAM!

Answer 18

production of glucose from sources other than carbohydrate

Question 19

When the liver supply of glycogen is exhausted but blood glucose concentrations need to increase what happens?

Answer 19

gluconeogenesis

Question 20

What can the liver produce glucose from other than carbohydrates during gluconeogenesis

Answer 20

non-carbohydrates sources such as glycerol and amino acids

Question 21

Glucose is a substrate for…

Answer 21

respiration

Question 22

What happens if glucose concentration falls too low?

Answer 22

cells will be deprived of energy and die

Question 23

What happens if glucose concentration rises too high?

Answer 23

lowers the water potential of the blood and creates osmotic problems which can cause dehydration and be dangerous

Question 24

Homeostatic control of blood glucose is…

Answer 24

essential

Question 25

Normal blood glucose concentration

Answer 25

5 mmoldm-3

Question 26

Blood glucose comes from three sources

Answer 26

1. directly from the diet
2. glycogenolysis
3. gluconeogenesis

Question 27

Which hormones operate to maintain a constant blood glucose concentration?
3

Answer 27

insulin
glucagon
adrenaline

Question 28

What type of protein is insulin?

Answer 28

globular

Question 29

If the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas’s receptors detect a rise in blood glucose concentration what happens?

Answer 29

they secrete insulin directly into the blood plasma

Question 30

Almost all body cells have glycoprotein receptors on their CSM’s that…

Answer 30

bind specifically with insulin molecules