Q4 Exam Flashcards by Madison Faulkner

What are the functions of arteries?

To take blood away from the heart

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What are the functions of the veins?

Brings blood to the heart

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What are the functions of the female reproductive system?

Produce and transport eggs for fertilization

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what are the functions of the male reproductive system?

Produce, maintain, transport, and discharge sperm

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Where are sperm cells mainly stored?

Testis

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Where does sperm production occur?

Seminiferous tubules

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What does semen contain?

sperm cells, water, and protein

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Where does fertilization normally happen?

Fallopian tubes

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Important structures of the female reproductive system? (know the location)

Uterus, Fallopian tube(s), ovary, cervix, and vagina

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Important structures of the male reproductive system? (know the location)

Bladder(?), Urethra, Penis, Seminal vesicle, prostate gland, vas deferens, epididymis, testicle

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Describe the shape of a blood cell

Ovular/biconcave

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List the scientific names for red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Red: erythrocytes
White: leukocytes
Platelets: thrombocytes

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What are platelets? Why are they important?

Membrane bound pockets of cytoplasm w/ enzymes

- transport chemicals that assist in blood clotting and form temporary patches in the walls of damaged blood vessels

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List the 4 Blood types

A, B, O, AB

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What are the names of the two white blood cells that are classified as agranulocytes?

Monocytes and Lymphocytes

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names of the white blood cells that are granulocytes/granular?

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils

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What is plasma and what is it composed of?

Plasma is the fluid that other blood cells are suspended in, composed of fluid connective tissue.

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What is the Rh factor? How can it affect pregnancy?

Rh is positive or negative blood type, if a mom is negative and dad is positive and the baby is positive mom can build immunity to positive during pregnancy and if next baby is positive her body can terminate pregnancy

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What is leukemia? What does a blood sample look like if someone has leukemia?

leukemia is extreme leukocytosis, which is excessive numbers of white blood cells

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Universal donor? Universal acceptor?

Donor: O (negative but just put O on test) ; Acceptor: AB (positive but again just put AB)

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What is the function of chordae tendonae?

closes valves which prevents back-flow of blood in the heart

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Why are heart valves important?

They prevent back-flow of blood in the heart

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Blood flows from the left atrium into the left ventricle through what valve?

Tricuspid valve

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What is the largest artery in the heart?

Aorta

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What is the difference between systemic and pulmonary circuits?

Systemic: Blood flow between body and heart Pulmonary: blood flow between heart and lungs

What are the chambers of the heart?

2 atria & 2 ventricles (left/right atrium, left/right ventricle)

What separates the right side of the heart from the left?

Septum

Why is the left side of the heart bigger?

It must pump blood to all parts of the body

What structure covers the heart?

Peridcardium

What is the pathway of blood through the heart?

R atrium through tricuspid valve to R ventricle, from there through pulmonary semilunar valve to pulmonary trunk to r or L lung. From there to pulmonary veins that enter L atrium, through bicuspid valve (mitral valve) to L ventricle, leaves through aortic semilunar valve

What are the layers of heart tissue?

Outer: Epicardium Middle: Myocardium Inner surfaces: endocardium

know heart diagram

do u rlly tho. were you really ready to flip this card. did you actually review the heart diagrams or are you lying. Put a 1 you piece of shit. You absolute garbage person.

Name the five senses

Sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch

List & define the types of sensory receptors

chemoreceptors: changes in chemical concentration pain receptors: stimulated by tissue damage thermoreceptors: changes in temperature mechanoreceptors: detect mechanical energy electroreceptors: detect electrical fields photoreceptors: detect light energy

what are taste buds?

Sensory organs for taste

four primary tastes?

sour, salty, sweet, bitter

3 layers of the eye?

fibrous tunic, vascular tunic, nervous tunic

what are the regions of the human ear?

outer ear, inner ear, middle ear

3 types of hearing impairments?

conductive: blocked transmission of sound i.e. something is in the way of the sound sensory (neural): damage to neural structures tinnitus: ringing or clicking sound in ears

3 types of touch receptors and what do they detect?

Pacinian corpuscles: respond to firm pressure Meisiner's corpuscles: respond to light touch Free nerve endings: respond to touch, pressure & pain

review the diagrams

you know what you did. we both know you didnt review the diagrams. but go off i guess

What are the three main functions of the nervous system?

- Receive sensory input - integrate input - respond to internal/external stimuli

What structures comprise the CNS?

Brain & spinal cord

Sensory and motor neurons are collectively called the ...?

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

the structural and functional unit of the nervous system is the...?

neuron

The site of contact between a synaptic terminal of a neuron and a target, such as another neuron, a muscle cell, or a gland, is called a...?

synapse

What are "interneurons?"

connections within the CNS

supporting cells are called _________.

Neuroglia

what cells form the insulating sheaths around axons?

Myelin sheath

What is a synapse?

Gap between axon terminal and the next neuron

The "motor division" of the peripheral nervous system is divided into two functional divisions, called the _______ and ________ nervous systems

somatic; autonomic

The somatic nervous system carries signals to _______.

Skeletal muscles

the autonomic nervous system carries signals to ________.

involuntary muscles

what are spinal meninges?

three layers of protective tissue (dura mater)m protecting the spinal cord

what are the 3 meningeal layers?

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

what are reflexes?

rapid, predictable, involuntary reactions to stimuli

what are the five main components of a reflex arc?

1) sensory receptor 2) sensory input 3) integration center 4) motor output 5) effector organs

review diagrams

fuck you

the meningeal layer that adheres to the surface of the brain, extending to every fold and curve is the:

pia mater

the region of the brain responsible for the balance is the:

cerebellum

the major region of the brain responsible for conscious thought processes, sensation, and memory:

cerebrum

the ventricles of the brain are filled with:

cerebrospinal fluid

what structures make up the brain stem?

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

what are the 4 lobes of the brain?

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

review diagrams of brain

you did it! last card! we're all gonna fail anyway because her tests are never like the study guide but at least i spent two hours making this when i could have been studying calculus!